Nguồn Gốc Của Đổi Mới: Vai Trò Của Người Dùng Trong Quá Trình Đổi Mới Khoa Học

Trường đại học

Oxford University Press

Chuyên ngành

Technological Innovations

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

thesis

1988

221
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

55 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

1. Overview

1.1. The Functional Source of Innovation

1.2. Variations in the Source of Innovation

1.3. An Economic Explanation

1.4. Understanding the Distributed Innovation Process: Know-how Trading Between Rivals

1.5. Managing the Distributed Innovation Process: Predicting and Shifting the Sources of Innovation

1.6. Implications for Innovation Research

2. Users as Innovators

2.1. The Sources of Scientific Instrument Innovations

2.2. The Sources of Semiconductor and Printed Circuit Board Assembly Process Innovations

2.3. The User-Dominated Innovation Process

3. Variations in the Functional Source of Innovation

3.1. Users as Innovators: Pultrusion

3.2. Manufacturers as Innovators: The Tractor Shovel

3.3. Manufacturers as Innovators: Engineering Thermoplastics

3.4. Manufacturers as Innovators: Plastics Additives

3.5. Suppliers as Innovators

3.6. Supplier/Manufacturers as Innovators: Wire Termination Equipment

3.7. Suppliers as Innovators: Process Equipment Utilizing Industrial Gases and Thermoplastics

3.8. Additional Evidence on Nonmanufacturer Innovation

4. The Functional Source of Innovation as an Economic Phenomenon

4.1. The Hypothesis

4.2. Necessary Preconditions

4.3. Patents and Licensing

4.4. Trade Secrets and Licensing

5. Testing the Relationship Between the Functional Source of Innovation and Expected Innovation Rents

5.1. Five Empirical Tests

5.2. Pultrusion Process Machinery: Innovation and Innovation Rents

5.3. The Tractor Shovel: Innovation and Innovation Rents

5.4. Engineering Plastics: Innovation and Innovation Rents

5.5. Process Equipment Utilizing Industrial Gases and Thermoplastics: Innovation and Innovation Rents

5.6. Conclusions and Discussion

6. Cooperation Between Rivals: The Informal Trading of Technical Know-how

6.1. Informal Know-how Trading

6.2. Case Study: Informal Trading of Proprietary Process Know-how Between U. Steel Minimill Producers

6.3. An Economic Explanation for Know-how Trading

6.4. Informal Know-how Trading in Context

6.5. Discussion

7. Shifting the Functional Source of Innovation

7.1. Nature of the Test

7.2. The Test

7.3. Commercial Value of User-Developed Innovations

7.4. Summary

8. Predicting the Source of Innovation: Lead Users

8.1. Root of the Problem: Marketing Research Constrained by User Experience

8.2. Lead Users as a Solution

8.3. Testing the Method

8.4. Discussion

9. Epilogue: Applications for Innovation Management

9.1. Identifying an Innovation Process Role

9.2. Organizing for an Innovation Process Role

9.3. The Distributed Innovation Process as a System

10. References

11. Index

12. Appendix: Innovation Histories

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Data Set for Scientific Instrument-Innovations

12.3. Data Set for Semiconductor Process Innovations

12.4. Data Set for Pultrusion Process Machinery Innovations

12.5. Data Set for the Tractor Shovel

12.6. Data Set for Engineering Plastics

12.7. Data Set for Plastics Additives

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