STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Foreign Language Faculty ------------ GRADUATION THESIS ENHANCING EFFICIENCY OF CREDIT OPERATION AT VIETNAM BANK FOR INDUSTRY AND TRADE (VIETINBANK) – BA DINH BRANCH Student : : Nguyen Duy Quang Lecturer : : Tran Thi Xuan Anh (M.A) Class : ATCA – K14 Student ID : 14A7510289 20th May 2015 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is the product of my own work and has not been previously submitted for my degree or examination in any other university. All the sources I have used have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my beloved family and my precious friends for their tremendous spiritual support and encouragement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to my beloved instructor as well as my mentor, Ms.
Tran Thi Xuan Anh, M.A, for her great inspiration, constant guidance and valuable support. In spite of her busy schedules, she always found time to guide me through the thesis. I also owe my deepest gratitude to all of my teachers at Banking Academy of Vietnam, especially those of the Faculty of Foreign Languages. Last but not least, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the thesis.
Because of time constraints and limited capacity of the writer, this thesis will certainly not be free from defect. Therefore, it is my hope that lecturers and readers of the thesis will sympathize and offer further contribution to it. Hanoi, May, 2015 NGUYỄN DUY QUANG TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1Rationale of the study 1 1.2 Status Of Research 2 1.3 Aims Of The Study 2 1.6 Thesis Structure 3 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Credit activities of commercial banks.2 Forms of Bank Credit 8 2.3 The quality of bank credit 10 2.4 The evaluating indicators of credit quality 13 CHAPTER 3: BANK CREDIT OPERATION AT VIETNAM 18 BANK FOR INDUSTRY AND TRADE (VietinBank) – BA DINH BRANCH – HA NOI 3.1 Introduction to Bank Credit Operation at Vietnam Bank For 18 Industry & Trade (VietinBank) – Ba Dinh Branch – Hanoi.2 Factors affecting the credit quality and business activities of 22 Vietnam Bank For Industry & Trade.3 Results from operating activities at Ba Dinh Branch – Vietnam 33 Bank For Industry and Trade.4 Situations of credit quality at Vietnam Bank For Industry & 38 Trade – Ba Dinh Branch.5 Assessment in the credit quality in Ba Dinh Branch 44 CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO 49 IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND EFFIENCY OF BANK CREDIT OPERATON IN VIETNAM BANK FOR INDUSTRY & TRADE – BA DINH BRANCH 4.1 Orientation of Business Activities of Ba Dinh Branch In The 49 Future. Solutions to improve operational efficiency at the Vietnam 50 Bank for Industry and Trade – Ba Dinh Branch.5 REFERENCES 56 LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES FIGURE 3.1: GDP’S GROWTH RATE FIGURE 3.2: EXPORTS – IMPORTS – TRADE BALANCE OF VIETNAMESE GOODS FIGURE 3.3: THE MOBILIZATION OF CAPITALS IN BA DINH BRANCH FIGURE 3.4: ANALYSIS OF MOBILIZATION BY MATURITY FIGURE 3.5: DEBIT BALANCE IN BA DINH BRANCH FIGURE 3.6: THE RESULTS OF OPERATING ACTIVITIES IN BA DINH BRANCH FIGURE 3.7: STRUCTURE OF THE GROUP DEBT FIGURE 3.8: PROPORTION OF OVERDUE DEBTS AND BAD DEBTS FIGURE 3.9: BAD DEBTS RATIOS FIGURE 3.10: TOTAL LOANS/TOTAL DEPOSITS Note: All figures have been used from Ba Dinh Branh – Annual Report.
Also, the figures have also been extracted mostly from the year 2010 – 2013 to demonstrate problems and come up with solutions. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SBV State Bank Of Vietnam CBs Commercial Banks VietinBank Vietnam Bank for Industry & Trade CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study Since 90s of the 20th century, the economy of Vietnam has changed vigorously and marked obvious steps forward. Our country has been in the process of integration into the international economy, with a huge number of opportunities, accompanied by challenges. The government has been enacting numerous policies and measures with the aim of stabilizing the economy, as well as developmental growths.
Among those policies, Commercial Banks (CBs), known as a financial instrument, plays an indispensible role in those stabilizations. Indeed, one of the most essential tasks of commercial banks is appropriately contributing to the capital regulatory in the economy, which is conducted by the process of capital mobilization and lending. Therefore, should they operate effectively; commercial Banks will eventually promote their role towards the market economy under socialist orientation of our country. However, Commercial Banks have been recently facing many difficulties: the increase of Bad Debts, the competition from foreign banks, liquidity… Especially, during my internship at Ba Dinh Branch - Vietnam Bank For Industry And Trade (Vietinbank), I myself have noticed not only those difficulties, but also realized some limitations in credit activities.
With a view to improving credit quality for banks, I have chosen the topic: “Enhancing efficiency of Credit Operation at Vietnam Bank For Industry And Trade – Ba Dinh Branch”.2 Status Of Research Based on the quality of data and operational efficiency of Bank Credit to analyze, calculate, compare important targets, from then on, demonstrate the quality and operational efficiency of credit at the bank. Analyzing the relationship between the quality and credit efficiency. Page 1 Seeking out causes leading to defects in credit operations at the bank, hence working out proposals and measures to improve the quality and credit performance.3 Aims Of The Study The study aims at providing a new picture of credit management at Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade – Ba Dinh Branch, hence suggesting solutions and recommendations for better efficiency of Bank Credit Operation at this Bank.4 Research questions This thesis aspires to provide answers to two questions of concerns to practitioners, Bank managers or those who are interested in studying this banking activity in academia: What are the major challenges of bank credit operation that Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade has to confront now? What are the feasible solutions to better the efficiency of this activity in the Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade in particular and also might be employed in the bank credit operation in general? 1.5 Research methodology Based on the reasoning discussed above, I believed it was pertinent to take a qualitative approach along with an exploratory research design to inductively address our research question. A case study strategy accessing qualitative data through observations and interviews best served this research approach.
Besides, information and data are also collected from wide range of sources such as meeting notes and documented reports of existing contracts and database of reliable market data providers in order to triangle the evidences and discussions, and increase validity and reliability of information, data and findings. Page 2 Collected information and data have been categorized in accordance with discussions within the areas of knowledge. Upon analysis and discussion, I try to figure out the weakness of the current process and try to make recommendations and propose a framework that is beneficially applicable to the case study and will be usefully adaptable to other banking corporations in Vietnam.6 Thesis Structure The thesis consists of four main chapters: (1) Introduction, (2) Literature review, (3) Bank credit operation at Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade (4) Solutions and recommendations to enhance the efficiency of credit operation at Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade – Ba Dinh Branch. In the first chapter, the author explains how the main topic is chosen, especially in the context of recession in Vietnam currently.
The introduction part also states aims of the study, research questions, methodology and the organization of the thesis. In the second chapter, the literature review of the Bank Credit Operation activity has been illustrated with the definitions of Bank, Bank Credit, the characteristics of Bank Credit, the process of lending & borrowing in Commercial Banks and the measures of efficiency of Bank Credit Operation in the commercial banks. In the third chapter, the author gives the readers an insight into the Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade (Vietinbank) and its bank credit operation in practice. Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade has a solid foundation of the bank credit activity; however, there are still some issues need to be tackled to better the results of this sector.
In the last chapter, some solutions and recommendation will be suggested to improve the quality and efficiency of Bank Credit Operation in Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade (Vietinbank). Page 3 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Credit activities of commercial banks. Definition of Credit and Bank Credit 2. Definition of Credit Credit appeared from the early age, comparing to the development of economics, having been passed down through generation.
In Latin, Credit comes from the root “Credium”, meaning belief or trust. Credit is interpreted in our country as borrowing. As a matter fact, the meanings of credit appeared diverse, and can be easily defined as follow: Credit is a borrowing – lending relationship, the relationship of using mutual fund between borrowers and lenders, which relies on the principle of reimbursement. When somebody borrows resources from somebody else, credit is the trust that they will later pay it back.
The term often is used when somebody borrows money from a bank. Credit is demonstrated by this following graphics: Providing loans Lender ------------------------------------------------> Borrower ---------------------------------------------- Repaying principals and interests. The relationship demonstrated in this graphics represents the following contents: Lenders use their right to transfer to the borrower the amount of certain values, which do not change their ownership. These values can be expressed in terms of monetary, goods, machinery or real estate….
Page 4 The borrower temporarily uses this capital for a certain period. After the expired date agreed by both parties, the borrower has the responsibility to repay the lender. The value repaid is usually higher the value of loans at the time of borrowing. Definition of Bank Credit Bank Credit is the credit relationship between banks and factories, or industrial, economic institutions, organizations and individuals, which are conducted in the way that Bank raised capital in the form of cash and provide for these institutions in the form of loans.
In other words, Bank Credit is the amount of credit available to a company or individual from banking system. It is the aggregate of the amount of funds that financial institutions are willing to provide to an individual or organization. Bank Credit is the form of credit which occupies a special position in the development of the whole economy. Bank Credit appeared and developed with the advancement and development of Banking System.
Rather than trade credit, Bank Credit is a form of professional credit, whose activities are diverse and plentiful.3 The role of Bank Credit to the economy Through credit, Banks can mobilize and focus the available temporary monetary fund of enterprises, funds which have not been used by the state budget, organizations and all walks of life. From then on, Banks have possessed an abundant credit fund, which will further be used for investment needs of the whole society. As a matter of fact, the appearance of banks, along with the emergence of bank credits, is indispensably important, and plays essential role in the economic and social development. Credit helps ensure that business production process can frequently and repeatedly take place.
Page 5 Due to the diversity of capital circulation from enterprises in economy, there are now “capital surplus” due to the successful sale of goods. That amount of money is no need to be used immediately, which then raises the demand loans to avoid stagnation of capital and profits.