VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY -------------------- NGUYEN QUOC THANG RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK RETURNS AND FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES Major: Business Administration Major code: 8340101 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, June 2024 THIS THESIS IS COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Supervisor: Dr. Trương Minh Chương Examiner: Dr. Phan Triều Anh This master’s thesis is defended at HCM City University of Technology, VNU- HCM City on 26/06/2024 Master’s Thesis Committee: 1. Dương Như Hùng 2.
Nguyễn Thu Hiền 3. Phan Triều Anh Approval of the Chair of Master’s Thesis Committee and Dean of Faculty of Industrial Management after the thesis being corrected (If any). CHAIR OF THESIS COMMITTEE DEAN OF FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence – Freedom - Happiness THE TASK SHEET OF MASTER’S THESIS Full name: NGUYEN QUOC THANG Student ID: 2270792 Date of birth: 05/04/1997 Place of birth: HCMC Major: Business Administration Major ID: 8340101 I. THESIS TITLE (In Vietnames): Mối quan hệ giữa tỷ suất lợi nhuận của cổ phiếu và các yếu tố căn bản của các công ty sản xuất II.
THESIS TITLE (In English): Relationship between stock returns and fundamental factors of manufacturing companies III. TASKS AND CONTENTS: − Determine what are fundamental factors of a company and company stock returns − Identify the relationship between stock returns and companies’ fundamental factors − Draw conclusion from the analysis and implication for managers IV. THESIS START DAY: 15/02/2024 V. THESIS COMPLETION DAY: 20/05/2024 VI.
Trương Minh Chương Ho Chi Minh City, date 20/05/2024 SUPERVISOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) DEAN OF FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (Full name and signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my family for their unwavering support, encouragement, and understanding throughout this journey. Their love and belief in me have been my rock, and I am profoundly grateful for their patience and understanding To complete this thesis, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all lecturers of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Faculty of Industrial Management for providing me knowledge and supporting me throughout my study, particularly Doctor Truong Minh Chuong, my thesis supervisor, for helping me to complete this thesis. Sincerely thank you MBA IMP K22 coursemate - those who have always been by my side helping, sharing useful information and knowledge to me and encouraging me during my study process. Ho Chi Minh City, May 2024 Nguyen Quoc Thang i ABSTRACT In recent decades, fundamental analysis has become increasingly popular among researchers in capital markets.
This approach involves analyzing current and past financial reports (Allozi & Obeidat (2016) , Asikin et al., (2020), Bambang et al. Fundamental analyses are utilized to forecast stock returns, with the goal of buying stocks when they are undervalued and selling when they are overvalued. This study focused on examining the effectiveness of historical accounting data in predicting future stock returns using fundamental factors, particularly within an emerging economy such as Vietnam. This study collected data from 2019 to 2023 for 90 manufacturing companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE).
This study incorporates five fundamental factors from various areas, including company Size (Total assets), Book-to-Market ratio, Earning-to-Price ratio, Profitablity (return on equity) and Capital structure (Debt-to-Equity ratio) are studied to examine the relationship between them and annual stock returns of manufacturing companies. Data for analysis was obtained from sample companies’ financial statement and their stock trading prices. The data has shown that Size and Book-to-Market ratio do consitently have significant positive relationship with stocks’ annual returns. Earning-to-Price ratio consistently has positive impact on stock returns in but are not statistically significant.
Profitablity of companies, proxied by return on equity, is found to have positive but insignificant impact on stock returns. Capital structure of companies, indicated by Debt-to-Equity ratio, is found to have negative but insignificant impact on stock returns. ii TÓM TẮT Trong những thập kỷ gần đây, phân tích cơ bản ngày càng trở nên phổ biến trong số các nhà nghiên cứu trên thị trường vốn. Cách tiếp cận này liên quan đến việc phân tích các báo cáo tài chính hiện tại và quá khứ Allozi & Obeidat (2016); Asikin et al., (2020); Bambang et al.
Các phân tích cơ bản được sử dụng để dự báo lợi nhuận cổ phiếu, với mục tiêu mua cổ phiếu khi chúng bị định giá thấp và bán khi chúng được định giá quá cao. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc kiểm tra hiệu quả của dữ liệu kế toán lịch sử trong việc dự đoán lợi nhuận cổ phiếu trong tương lai bằng cách sử dụng các yếu tố cơ bản, đặc biệt là trong một nền kinh tế mới nổi như Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này đã thu thập dữ liệu từ năm 2019 đến năm 2023 của 90 công ty sản xuất niêm yết trên Sở Giao dịch Chứng khoán Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (HOSE). Nghiên cứu này kết hợp năm yếu tố cơ bản từ các lĩnh vực khác nhau, bao gồm Quy mô công ty (Tổng tài sản), Tỷ lệ sổ sách trên thị trường, Tỷ lệ thu nhập trên giá, Lợi nhuận (lợi nhuận trên vốn chủ sở hữu) và Cơ cấu vốn (Tỷ lệ nợ trên vốn chủ sở hữu) được nghiên cứu để kiểm tra mối quan hệ giữa chúng và lợi nhuận cổ phiếu hàng năm của các công ty sản xuất.
Dữ liệu để phân tích được lấy từ báo cáo tài chính của các công ty mẫu và giá giao dịch cổ phiếu của họ. Dữ liệu đã chỉ ra rằng Quy mô và tỷ lệ sổ sách trên thị trường luôn có mối quan hệ tích cực đáng kể với lợi nhuận hàng năm của cổ phiếu. Tỷ lệ thu nhập trên giá luôn có tác động tích cực đến lợi nhuận cổ phiếu nhưng không có ý nghĩa thống kê. Lợi nhuận của các công ty, được ủy quyền bởi lợi nhuận trên vốn chủ sở hữu, được tìm thấy có tác động tích cực nhưng không đáng kể đến lợi nhuận cổ phiếu.
Cơ cấu vốn của các công ty, được biểu thị bằng tỷ lệ Nợ trên Vốn chủ sở hữu, được tìm thấy có tác động tiêu cực nhưng không đáng kể đến lợi nhuận cổ phiếu. iii THE COMMITMENT OF THE THESIS’ AUTHOR I affirm that this thesis represents my original research. The data and findings presented herein are authentic and have not been employed in support of any prior academic qualification. I acknowledge with gratitude all assistance received during the execution of this thesis, and I confirm that all sources of information used have been appropriately cited.
Ho Chi Minh City, May 2024 Nguyen Quoc Thang iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ii THE COMMITMENT OF THE THESIS’ AUTHOR .3 Scope of the study.4 Significance of the study .5 Structure of the study .2 Fundmental factors and hypothesis developement .3 Summary study hypotheses .1 Data analysis workflow .2 Study data requirement .5 Exploratory data analysis.7 Verifying regression assumptions and making statistical inferences. RESULTS OF THE STUDY .1 Results of 2020 data .2 Results of 2021 data .3 Results of 2023 data .4 Result summary and discussion .49 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Workflow of the study.
General analysis workflow of this study. Scatterplot between Returns and Size (2020 data). Scatterplot between Returns and Book-to-Market ratio (2020 data). Scatterplot between Returns and Earning-to-Price ratio (2020 data).
Scatterplot between Returns and ROE (2020 data). Scatterplot between Returns and LEV (2020 data). Scatterplot between Returns and SIZE (2021 data). Scatterplot between Returns and Book-to-Market ratio (2021 data).
Scatterplot between Returns and Earning-to-Price ratio (2021 data). Scatterplot between Returns and ROE (2021 data). Scatterplot between Returns and LEV (2021 data). Scatterplot between Returns and SIZE (2023 data).
Scatterplot between Returns and Book-to-Market ratio (2023 data). Scatterplot between Returns and Earning-to-Price (2023 data). Scatterplot between Returns and ROE (2023 data). Scatterplot between Returns and LEV (2023 data) .34 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.
Summary study hypotheses. Descriptions of the variables in the study. Descriptive statistics for 2020 data. Summary of regression resutls (2020 data).
Descriptive statistics for 2021 data. Summary of regression resutls (2021 data). Descriptive statistics for 2023 data. Summary of regression resutls (2023 data).
Summary relationship between fundamental factors and stock returns for different year data .36 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS B/M Book-to-Market ratio BP Breusch-Pagan test BG Breusch-Godfrey test E/P Earning-to-Price ratio HOSE Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange JB Jarque-Bera test LEV Leverage ratio ROE Return on equity VIF Variance Inflation Factor ix CHAPTER 1.1 Induction Stocks, also known as equity securities, signify ownership claims on a company’s net assets. As a crucial asset class, stocks play a fundamental role in investment analysis and portfolio management. They constitute a substantial portion of both individual and institutional investment portfolios. Investors widely embrace stocks due to their potential for higher profits and their comparatively lower capital requirements when compared to bonds (CFA Institute, 2023).
Understanding stock returns is important for at least two reasons. First, understanding stock returns would help portfolio managers in effectively choosing stocks for their clients in order to meet clients’ risk and return objectives. Second, different companies have different strategies, risk profiles which affect their share prices and eventually affect the portfolio managers in choosing stocks (CFA Institute, 2023). Fundamental analysis on stock returns has a long history in developed market, namely US market.
Numerous studies have shown that fundamental factors of a company, such as its size, earning-to-price ratio, book-to-market ratios, dividend yields, have impact on stock returns. Such analyses allow investors to gain surplus returns (Fama & French (1992), Mahmoud & Sakr (2012)). Fundamental analysis has gained huge popularity among capital markets researchers. Besisde, Suresh (2013) found that fundamental analysis offers several benefits, including the ability to predict long-term trends, identify undervalued stocks, and enhance business acumen.
However, most of these studies were conducted for developed stock market, notably the study of Fama & French (1992) which was conducted for US stock market. There are limited evidences that these findings are comparable to emerging market like Vietnam market. In Vietnam, there are some studies on fundamental factors and company stock returns. Studies of Lộc (2014) investigates the relationship between stock returns and fundamental factors for big-size firm listed on HOSE.
While, study of Linh Nhat 1 Minh & Manh Tien (2022) investigates the relationship for companies listed on Ha Noi stock exchange (HNX). Or, study of Duy & Phuoc (2016) investigate the relationship between size and profitability of companies to their stock returns using service-sector companies listed on HOSE. This study would like to study the relationships between stock returns and companies’ fundamental factors in another sector, specifically, manufacturing sector to contribute knowledge on manufacturer stocks. Vietnam market is considered as emerging market, so stock behavior is particularly different from developed stock market.
Moreover, a study on the manufacturing sector would minimize the sector-specific differences in their fundamental factors between companies, allowing a more accurate analysis. In addition, the choice of manufacturing sector is because of its importance in economy of Vietnam with manufacturing sector contributed largest share of Vietnam Gross Domestic Product. The sector contributed 23.88% to 2023 GDP of Viet Nam (Statista, Gross domestic product (GDP) distribution in Vietnam in 2023, by sector, 2024). Also, Viet Nam is emerged as a new manufacturing hub in the world, which emphasizes the importance of this sector (Statista, 2024).
This study will investigate the relationship between stock returns and company fundamental factors, which are size, growth, capital structure and profitability 1.