MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT THUY LOI UNIVERSITY %|(LĐ&ýt\uÀk"Êv WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE NONG BAO ANH MSc Thesis on Integrated Water Resources Management May 2015 NONG BAO ANH WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASI CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ‘Major: Integrated Water Resources Management THESIS OF MASTER DEGREE 1. Prof, Nguyen Thu Hien 2. Ngo Le An This reseacrch is done for the partial fulfilment of requitement for Master of Science Degree at Thuy Loi University (This Mater Programme is supported by NICHE ~ VNM 106 Project) May 2015 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis Nong Bao Anh Page 1 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 6 ABBREVIATIONS 8 LIST OF FIGURES ° LIST OF TABLES.5, Structure ofthe thesis 18 (CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.1, Water allocation: An overview.2 Integrated Water Resources Management 20 2.
Climate change impacts on water resources.4, Climate change scenarios.5, Models for IVRM 26 (CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF STUDY SITE 32 3.1, Geographical location and topography 32 3. Socio-economic development.5, Water Storage 41 3/6, Water use activities 43 Nong Bao Anh. Page 1 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis CHAPTER 4: WATER BALANCE SIMULATION FOR THE HUONG RIVER BASIN 46 4.1, Schematization of the Huong River Basi, 46 4. The return flow 58 4.
The computation of scenarios. 39 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS ANALYSIS 61 5.1, Water supply and water requirement results. (CHAPTER 6; CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Recommendations REFERENCES 86 APPENDICES so Nong Bao Anh.
Page 2 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis ABSTRACT Water is essential for human, however, is finite and vulnerable (ICWE, 1992). In recent years, water crisis has been singled out as a major worldwide concem. World-wide water demand has been reported to increase by over six times during, the last century (Gourbesville, 2008). It is claimed to be the consequence of growth ăn world population, which has been tripled during the last century, and speedy industry enlargement as well as agriculture development.
As a result, developing countries are those who mostly have to face with water scarcity. Moreover, in recent years, the impacts of climate change on water scarcity have become an emerging concerned. Extreme weather events, increasing uneven distribution of seasonal water leading to drought, floods and, for example, are some negative impacts ofclimate change, which has been alarmingly threatening the water balance in developing countries. ‘This research investigates the water availability and water demand in Huong River Basin in order to find out appropriate management measure to mitigate the water shortage problem in dry season.
Huong River Basin which lies within Thu Thien Hue province, located in the specific monsoon climate area of Central Part of Vietnam with severe hydrological regime: very long dry season, short rain season but often with very large runoff. This area usually witn s water shortage in the long dr season, Bearing the stres of explosive inc se of water demand from excessive population growth and blossoming economic development, combined with the decrease of water supply in dry season as a result of climate change impacts, the Huong River Basin’s water ‘management need to be exquisitely investigated ‘The water use activities in this basin inelude domest inrigation, industr livestock and aquaculture, The purposes of this study are to analyze the water balance of Huong River Basin in three scenarios, the current scenario in 2010 and the future scenario in the future with the projected socio-economic development as well as Nong Bao Anh. Page 3 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis ‘changes in the climate system characteristic according to B2 scenario. To complete this task, the WEAP model is implemented to simulate the water balance in the basin with the help of MIKE-NAM model to calculate the water inflow to river basin from rainfall data and CROPWAT to compute the water requirement for crop.
‘The research shows there are currently imbalances between water supply and water ‘demand in the dry season especially in March and April. In 200, the system cannot supply sufficient water quantity for the projected growing demand of socio- ‘economic development scenario in June and July which are in dry season, right after the periodic flood, The unmet demand is slightly go up compared to the current scenario, However, the situation is much more severe in the scenario in which the climate change impacts are considered. The water deficit is about four times bigger than it was in the scenario which only reflects the socio-economic development. Moreover, it appears from February to July within different areas.
After analyzing the results of simulation models, several structure and non-structure solutions are proposed, Nong Bao Anh. Page 4 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis DECLARATION Thereby certify that the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled, “Water balance in the Huong River Basin in context of climate change” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Master of Science in Integrated Water Resource Management, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under supervision of Associate Professor. Nguyen Thu Hien and Dr. Ngo Le An ‘The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma Date: Nong Bao Anh.
Page 5 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis ACKNOWLEDGMENT | would like to express my deep gratitude to many people who helped to complete this Thesis at its best. First and foremost I wish to thank to my supervisor, Associate Professor Nguyen ‘Thu Hien, Dean of Thuyloi University's Water Resources Engineering Faculty, for her instruction, understanding and also, patience during the time I conducted this ‘Thesis. With her considerable guidance and shared experience from many year of being water resources expert, I am able to bring this research into fruition However, it is not only just during this time she is supporting me, but also forall the way long of seven years I have leamt in this University from my Bachelor Degree to this Master course, she always be there willing to instruct me about professional researching skills, turning me into an independence thinker which assists me to grow as a lecturer, a researcher and a better learner. 1 would also wish to express my deeply gratefulness to my second supervisor, Doctor Ngo Le An, who is the Deputy Head of Thuyloi University's Hydrology and Water Resources Division for his tutor and corrections in the application of simulation models, the field which I had very few experience.
His mentorship was paramount in providing a well rounded experience consistent my long-term career goals. He was the one to point out for me the importance of balancing the theoretical knowledge and ability to mastering in models use in Water Engineering and Water Management, at the same time, was the one enable me to do so. He ‘encourages me to run all the models used in my thesis on my own but was always there as a blanket to help me to learn from mistakes, I am not sure many postgraduate students are given such treasured opportunity like mine. For everything you have done for me, Assoc.
Hien and Dr. An, I thank you. 1 would especially like to thank the Management Board including members from ‘Thuyloi University, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment Nong Bao Anh. Page 6 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis University and UNESCO-IHE for organizing this wonderful Master course and providing me a chance to sharpen my professional knowledge, Many thanks to my colleagues in the Department of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, HUNRE where Ï am working for supporting me in many way during the time I am busy with my Thesis.
1 would also like to acknowledge my friends from Thuyloi University including Ms. Dao Thi Xuyen, Mr. Nguyen Son Tung and many others for t ir help with the preparing input for models. Finally, words cannot express how grateful T am to my parents and my girlfriend ho is currently staying in England for theirs unwavering support and continuous ‘encouragement throughout my year of study and through the process of researching and writing this Thesis.
This achievement would not be possible without them, thank you. Nong Bao Anh. Page 7 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis ABBREVIATIONS CMS Cubic Meter per Second DARD _ Department of Agriculture and Rural Development HRB Huong River Basin FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Gwe bại Water Partnership HUNRE Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment IMHEN Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment IWRM —— Integrated Water Resources Management MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MCM Million Cubie Meter Mw MegaWate NCAP the Netherlands Climate Assistance Program NWC National Water Commission TLU ——ThuyLoi University uN United Nation VNCID Vietnam National Commission on Irigation and Drainage WRS Water Resources System Nong Bao Anh. Page 8 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The location of Huong River Basin, B Figure 2.1: Cycle diagram of climate change impacts.2: The Schematization of Huong River Basin, 28 Figure 2.3: The general structure of NAM model (Nielsen & Hansen, 1973).1: Huong River Basin 3 Figure 32: The annual average rainfall of observe stations 36 Figure 3.3: Monthly average rainfall of observed stations a7 Figure 34: The annual runoff in the petiod from 1977 to 2010 38 Figure 35: Monthly inflow to the basin in the period 1977-2010, 39 Figure 3.5: Map ofcultivated area ane) Figure 41: Schematization of Huong River Network as Figure 4.2: Map of 9 sub-basins in the Huong River Basin 49 Figure 4.3: The variance between observed and simulated discharge in Thuong, Nhat Station, 33 Figure 4.4: The variance betwen observed and simulated discharge in Binh Dien Station.5: The variance between observed and simulated discharge in Co Bi Station “ Figure 8.1: The inflow to branches in 2010, 68 Figure 52: Water roqutements by sectors in 2010, SCI scenario.8: Unmet demand by months in 2010, SC1 scenario.4: The monthly inflow to the upstream area of Bo River in SCI scenario n Nong Bao Anh.
Page 9 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis FigureS.5: The monthly water requirement of upstream Bo River Agriculture area in SCI seenario.6: Ta Trach Reservoirs Hydropower turbine flow and power generation, 73 Figure 5.7: BinhDien Reservoir hydropower turbine flow and power generation.74 Figure %8: Huong Dien Reservoir hydropower turbine flow and power generation. kì Figure 59: The total inflow in 2010 in SC2 scenario.10: The unmet demand in 2010 in SC2 scensrio. Figure 511: Monthly inflow lo region in 2010 in SC2 scenario 1 Figure 5.12: Monthly unmet demand in 2030, SC3 scenari.13: The changes in the inflow of SCA scenario compared to SC3 scenario, 81 Figure $.14: Monthly unmet demand in 2030, SC4 scenario, 82 Figure $.15: Monthly inflow to the area. 82 Nong Bao Anh.
Page 10 'WATER BALANCE IN THE HUONG RIVER BASIN IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MSc Thesis LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The changes in average temperature (°C) compared to the period 1980- 1999 in Thua Thien Hue province by seasons in B2 scenario, 25 Table 2.2: The changes in average rainfall compared to the period 1980-1999 in ‘Thua Thien Hue province by seasons in B2 scenario 26 Table 3.1: Monthly average temperature in Huong River Basin from 2009 to 2012 34 ‘Table 3.2: Average humidity in Huong River Basin from 2009 to 2012 3 ‘Table 3.