Vietnam national university, hanoi College of foreign languages Department of post-Graduate studies VŨ THỊ HỒNG THƯ AN ACTION RESEARCH ON TEACHING GRAMMAR IN THE LIGHT OF THE ECLECTIC APPROACH WITH FIRST-YEAR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY (NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC DẠY NGỮ PHÁP THEO ĐƯỜNG HƯỚNG CHIẾT TRUNG CHO SINH VIÊN KHÔNG CHUYÊN TIẾNG ANH NĂM THỨ NHẤT TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC ĐIỆN LỰC) M. MINOR THESIS Field : English Methodology Code : 601410 Hanoi - 2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Vietnam national university, hanoi College of foreign languages Department of post-Graduate studies VŨ THỊ HỒNG THƯ AN ACTION RESEARCH ON TEACHING GRAMMAR IN THE LIGHT OF THE ECLECTIC APPROACH WITH FIRST-YEAR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY (NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC DẠY NGỮ PHÁP THEO ĐƯỜNG HƯỚNG CHIẾT TRUNG CHO SINH VIÊN KHÔNG CHUYÊN TIẾNG ANH NĂM THỨ NHẤT TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC ĐIỆN LỰC) M. MINOR THESIS Field : English Methodology Code : 601410 Supervisor : Hoàng Tất Trường, M. Hanoi - 2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv Table of contentS Contents Page s DECLARATION…………………………………………………………………… i Acknowledgements………………………………………………………… ii Abstract………………………………………………………………………… iii Part I: Introduction.Aims of the study…………………………………………………………….
Scope of the study………………………………………………………. The research questions……………………………………………………. Methods of the study………………………………………………………. Design of the study………………………………………………………… 3 Part II: Development.
4 Chapter1: Literature review………………………………………………….1 Grammar and its status in language teaching………………………….1 Definition of grammar…………………………………………… 4 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 The status of grammar in English language teaching (ELT)…….3 What needs to be taught? .4 Stages in teaching grammar……………………………………….2 Different views on grammar teaching………………………………….1 The Traditional Method: Grammar- Translation………………… 6 1.2 The Grammar-Translation Method and English Grammar Teaching at EPU…………………………………………………… 7 1.2 The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)……………………………… 8 1.2 The Audio-Lingual Method and English Grammar Teaching at EPU…………………………………………………… 9 1.3 The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)………………… 9 1.2 The role of the teacher and students in a Communicative class………………………………………………………………… 10 1.3 The CLT and Teaching Grammar………………………….4 The CLT and Teaching English Grammar Teaching at EPU 11 1.5 Summary ………………………………………………………… 13 Chapter 2: The study………………………………………………………….1 Design and methodology……………………………………………….1 Subjects of the study……………………………………………. The attitudes of teachers and students at EPU towards the position of grammar in ELT…………………………………………… 15 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 The current situation of teaching and learning grammar at first- year classes at EPU…………………………………………………….3 Students’ wants about learning grammar………………………… Chapter 3: Teaching grammar in the light of Eclectic Approach: Techniques and Procedure…………………………………………………… 24 3. Six-step procedure of a grammar lesson in the light of Eclectic Approach …………………………………………………………………. Step 1: Setting the context……………………………………….
Step 2: Identification of the Grammar Point……………………. Step 3: Grammar Explanation…………………………………… 27 3. Pre-communicative exercises……………………………… 28 3. Types of drills…………………………………………….
Step 5: Application of learned grammar points in communication…………………………………………………………. Using songs and verses……………………………………… 31 b. Using games and problem-solving activities………………. Analysis of the results of the tested sample class…………………….
37 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.University vii Part III: Conclusion. 39 References Appendices TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.University 1 Part I: Introduction I.1 Rationale It is a fact that English has become more and more popular and vital in Vietnam in recent decades. There have been more and more people rushing to study English in language centers in the last few years because they hold a belief that English helps them be more exposed to better job opportunities. In addition, in correspondence to this trend, in almost all of schools, colleges and universities, English has become a compulsory subject.
Electric Power University (EPU), where I have been working for 6 years, is not an exception. With 6 years of experience in teaching English for the first-year students at this university, I find that grammar teaching and learning plays an important role at EPU as it supplies students with basic knowledge to prepare for the final exams and ESP course in the second year. Therefore, it is understandable that most of the students at my university think grammar, of course, is very important. However, many of the students, especially from mountainous and remote areas, have never learnt English before or they learn other foreign languages at secondary school.
Meanwhile, some students‟ English are at proficient level. As a matter of fact, multilevel classes are currently popular in many universities in general and at EPU in particular, which causes many difficulties to teachers and students in language teaching. Another problem can be mentioned here is the large number of students in each class: about 80-90 students. The textbook for the first-year students at EPU is New Headway Elementary and continues to Unit 9 of New Headway Pre-Intermediate.
Although the book provides thorough grammar and vocabulary and all four language skills, most of the teachers spend quite a lot of time on grammar points. Most of the grammar lessons are carried out in traditional methods, that is, the teacher presents new grammar verbally, and then students do, turn by turn, exercises in the workbooks. However, I myself realize that it does not reveal sufficient through the term- end examinations. More than 50% of the students get the English marks below average and they have to retake the examination or retake the English course.
This matter of fact has urged me to find the answers to a lot of questions: “How can teachers help students to learn effectively grammar, which is not only regarded important in learning English, but also considered difficult and boring by students?” “What should we do to encourage students to study in such conditions?” “What are the purposes of students when studying grammar?” (LUAN.University TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.University 2 “Which methods of teaching can satisfy students‟ needs?” “Is the use of Vietnamese necessary in teaching English grammar?” “Can grammar be taught communicatively?” It is these problems that have served as the starting point for our study to find out a suitable method to teach grammar to the first-year students at EPU.2 Aims of the study My study is an attempt to - Identify the attitudes of teachers and students in teaching and learning grammar. - Identify the current situation of teaching and learning English Grammar to first-year students at EPU - Identify the wants of students about the methods of teaching, doing grammar exercises, and correcting mistakes. - Suggest an applicable and effective method of teaching grammar to the first-year students at EPU.3 Scope of the study The scope of this study is limited to an applicable method of teaching grammar to the first-year students at EPU, based on the findings of my thesis and with the assumption that the questionnaires were answered sincerely by the teachers and students chosen for our thesis. It is expected that this method of teaching grammar is applicable not only to the first-year students at EPU but also to students of other universities and colleges in Vietnam, sharing the same situations and conditions of learning.4 the research questions My study is aimed to answer the following research questions: - What are the attitudes of teachers and students in teaching and learning grammar? - What is the current situation of teaching and learning English Grammar to first-year students at EPU? - What are the wants of students about the methods of teaching, doing grammar exercises, and correcting mistakes? - What is an applicable and effective method of teaching grammar to the first-year students at EPU? (LUAN.University TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.5 Methods of the study To realize the aims of the study, in order to get the answer to the above research questions, I design a mini-action research.
That is, I design four grammar lessons in the light of eclectic approach and I myself will act as an observer in each class. Also, after each lesson, I hand out a student evaluation sheet to the students to have their self- evaluation of their interest, involvement and their grasp of grammar knowledge after lessons. The responses were then analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Survey questionnaires are also used to collect information and evidence for the study.
The data collected for the study will come from 2 sources: 80 first-year students at EPU and 15 teachers who are teaching English to first-year students at EPU. All comments, remarks, recommendations and conclusion provided in the study will be based on the data analysis.6 Design of the study This study is going to be divided into 3 parts as follows: Part I, Introduction, deals with the reason for the research and the aims, scope and methodology of the study. The research questions are also raised in this part. Part II, development, consists of 3 following chapters: - Chapter I is intended to give some theoretical background related to: definitions of grammar, different views on grammar teaching, teaching grammar in the light of eclectic approach - Chapter II aims to describe background information about the current teaching and learning of grammar at EPU and present the methodology underlying the research including data collection instruments, procedures.
A detailed data analysis and discussions are also given. - Chapter III focuses on techniques and procedures of a grammar lesson which is taught in the light of eclectic approach. Part III, conclusion addresses the key issues in the study, summarizing some shortcomings revealed during the process of completing this research paper.University TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.University 4 Part II: Development Chapter1: Literature review 1.1 Grammar and its status in language teaching 1.1 Definition of grammar There have existed various ways of defining grammar - a very common and familiar term in language teaching and learning. According to Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary (1995:517), grammar is “the rules in a language for changing the form of words and combining them into sentences”.
The rules of grammar, as the dictionary suggests, are about how words change and put together into sentences. For example, the word “win” changes to “won” in the past tense - that is the way in which a word changes in form. The adjective “successful” is put into the sentence “She is a woman”, making up “She is a successful woman” – that is the way in which words are combined into sentences. Similarly, Jeremy Harmer (1988:1) defines grammar as “the way in which words change themselves and group together to make sentences.
The grammar of a language is what happens to words when they become plural or negative, or what word order is used when we make questions or join two clauses to make one sentence. It is seen that Jeremy Harmer shares the same point of view with the authors of the Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. As for Celce, M … (1988:16), grammar is “a subset of those rules which governs the configurations that the morphology and syntax of a language assume.” From Penny Ur‟s view (1988:4), “Grammar may be roughly defined as the way a language manipulates and combines words (or bits of words) in order to form longer units of meaning.” In 1996, he makes it clearer “Grammar is a set of rules that define how words (or parts of words) are combined or changed to form acceptable units of meaning within a language” (1996:87).2 The status of grammar in English language teaching (ELT) The position of grammar teaching in ELT is still on controversy. Some people refute the place of grammar teaching for the reason that the study of grammar is neither necessary nor sufficient for learning to use a language.
Meanwhile, some affirm the importance of grammar for effective language learning. “The evidence seems to show beyond doubt that though it is by communicative (LUAN.University TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.University 5 use in real “speech acts” that the new language “sticks” in the learner‟s mind, insight into pattern is an equal partner with communicative use in what language teachers now see as dual process of acquisition/learning. Grammar, approached as a voyage of discovery into the patterns of language rather than the learning of prescriptive rules, is no longer a bogey word. In fact, grammar is one of the key components of a language.
Thus, one cannot master a language without the knowledge of its grammar.