Viet nam National University, Hanoi college of foreign languages postgraduate department nguyÔn thÞ hång tuyªn A study on Intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality in English. Nghiªn cøu vÒ ng÷ ®iÖu nh- mét ph-¬ng tiÖn biÓu ®¹t t×nh th¸i tr¸ch nhiÖm trong tiÕng Anh M. minor thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.15 Hanoi-2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Viet nam National University, Hanoi college of foreign languages postgraduate department nguyÔn thÞ hång tuyªn A study on Intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality in English Nghiªn cøu vÒ ng÷ ®iÖu nh- mét ph-¬ng tiÖn biÓu ®¹t t×nh th¸i tr¸ch nhiÖm trong tiÕng Anh M. minor thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.
Vâ §¹i Quang Hanoi-2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Viet nam National University, Hanoi college of foreign languages postgraduate department nguyÔn thÞ hång tuyªn A study on Intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality in English Nghiªn cøu vÒ ng÷ ®iÖu nh- mét ph-¬ng tiÖn biÓu ®¹t t×nh th¸i tr¸ch nhiÖm trong tiÕng Anh M. minor thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60. Vâ §¹i Quang Hanoi-2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.english 1 Part I: Introduction 1. Rationale: In the process of learning English, a large number of learners recognize that intonation is one of the most important issues and as the backbone of English.
It not only causes difficulties for the speaker himself but also for the listener. Since English intonation is considered as one of the most important matter and as the backbone of English, there have been a lot of opinions about this topic.O’ Connor’s opinion, the words themselves are unchangeable in expressing meaning but they are enriched in the process of using tunes. What enriches the words is the speaker’s feelings at that moment and this way of using tunes is called intonation. Here the phonetician wanted to emphasize the important role of tunes in English because the speaker can use it to express his state, he can say it definitely or hesitantly or sometimes he can say it with interest or without interest.
According to Barbara Randford (1988), expressing oneself and understanding other people are two of the most necessary goals for foreign language learners in general and for English language learners in particular. In order to achieve two main goals successfully we must know how to master English intonation effectively. It is the best way for us to express our attitudes, feelings, emotion while we are speaking. On the other hand, it is helpful for us to understand other people’s feelings, emotion in their specch so that we can lead our talks to the result full of success and intelligibility.
Furthermore, intonation helps us to focus on the most considerable things to speak or express. This make our talks more interesting and we feel more confident when we speak in public or in a crowd. With the wrong use of intonation, our speeches may be broken because the listeners do not understand what are the goals of our speeches. More seriously, in some cases they are not patient enough to pay attention to us and they may try to find the way to stop our conversations as soon as possible.
In our everyday lives, much of our time is spent for communication with other people and in our communication, we not only exchange facts but also express our emotions and attitudes, or in other words we express modality.Thus, to study modality in general and investigate how much a speaker commits to what he says in particular is very interesting and essential. Modality gained much populaity among linguists. According to Halliday (1985: 86), modality is “an expression of the speaker’s opinion” towards the (LUAN.english TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.english 2 content of what he is saying, whether he considers it is possible, probable, certain, etc. For Lyon (1997), a speaker’s qualification of his commitment to the truth of his/her proposition becomes an important issue.
Besides, the study of modality has spawned innumerable academic papers, namely Bybee (1985), Palmer (1986) and others. In Vietnam, Hoµng Phª (1984) and §ç H÷u Ch©u (1989) have studied on Vietnamese modal system and there have been a number of English-written M.A theses on this issue, for example: Modality and Modal Auxiliaries: A systematic Comparision of English and Vietnamese by §ç H÷- HuyÕn (1996); Modality in English by Hoµng Thu Giang (2001); A Contrastive analysis of modal meanings expressed via Must, Should, Have to in English and the equivalent in Vietnamese by Ph¹m ThÞ Mai Anh (2005). Indeed, learning to express and interpret modality is very difficult, particularly for learners of English as a foreign language. The learners’ failure in the understanding of the modal meanings has already prevented the from getting the goals of communication.
As a learner and a teacher of English as a foreign language the writer has realized the importance of researching intonation as a means of conveying modality, specificly on deontic modality to get the success in communicating goals. It is the reason the writer would like to choose Intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality in English as the subject for this thesis with the hopes that the research can serve as a very small contribution to liguistic studies and also to teaching and learning English as a foreign language. In addition, suggestions and pedagogical implications of this study can be utilized to aid teachers of English and learners of Enlish at Hoa Lu University in Ninh Binh province in the process of studying and learning English because in the school year of 2009-2010, the first English majored students will be trained to become junior secondary teachers of English for Ninh Binh Province. Aims of the study: The study is aimed at: providing as exhaustive as possible a description of the basic tunes in English and English deontic modality in terms of forms, functions, features and meanings.
giving systematic description of two semantic features: obligation and permission as subtypes of deontic modality in English and studying the four basic tunes in English as a means of conveying those two semantic features. finding mistakes commonly made by Vietnamese learners in using Intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality.english TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.english 3 offering some suggestions on possible solutions to these mistakes and implications on teaching intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality. Scope of the study It would be ideal for the thesis to study on intonation as a means of conveying both deontic modality and epistemic modality. However, since the limitation of time , knowledge and the aims of the study the writer focuses on Intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality, more specificly, the four basic tunes in English as a means of conveying obligation and permission in deontic modality.
Method of the study In order to achieve the goal set from the beginning, a number of books and studies in the field of intonation and modality were collected and then studied thoroughly to set up the theoretical framework for the intonation and as well for the deontic modality.The study was classified mainly based on the basic tunes in English by J.O’Connor (1991) and by Assoc. Dr Vâ §¹i Quang in “Lecture on Principles of Phonetics and Phonology” (2008), “Nghiªn cøu mét sè ph-¬ng tiÖn biÓu ®¹t nghÜa t×nh th¸i trong c©u - ph¸t ng«n tiÕng Anh vµ tiÕng ViÖt”- (“Th«ng Tin Khoa Häc”, Sè 3-2008). About Modality, the study was mostly based on the opinion of Palmer (1986). And a combination of different methods of analysis will be used in this study: The first is the discriptive method.
Basic tunes in English and semantic features of deontic modality will be described in turns to find out how intonation can convey deontic modality. Secondly, an investigation was made into the intonation and the deontic modality in order to find out the commonest mistakes made by Vietnamese learners when studying intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality by recording, interviewing, discussing with the Vietnamese learners of English. Finally, a thorough analysis on the results of the study was made to give the suggestions and implications on teaching English intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality. Design of the study This study is designed in three parts: Part 1 is the Introduction: this part includes the rationale, scope, aims, methodology and design of the study.english TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.english 4 Part 2 is the Development: This is the main part of the study and is divided into three main Chapters.
Chapter One is dealt with the general theoretical concepts involving the subject under consideration. Chapter Two discusses the intonation as a means of conveying deontic modality in English. Chapter Three focuses on a number of mistakes existed on the process of studying English intonation, especially conveying deontic modality. Part 3 is the Conclusion: This part lays out the findings of the study, draws important conclusions and suggests implications of teaching and learning English as a foreign language and suggestions for further research are also presented.english TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.english 5 Part II: Development Chapter 1: Theoretical background 1.
Intonation in English 1. Definitions of English intonation English Intonation is a very important and difficult matter in the process of learning, studying and teaching English. There are a number of lingustists have given the definitions of intonation. In “Oxford Advanced Learner’s Encyclopedic Dictionary”, 1992, Oxford University Press, intonation is defined as: “the rise or fall of the pitch of the voice in speaking, especially as this aspects the meaning of what is said: intonation patterns.” According to the definition of Paul Tench (1996), the lingusitic use of pitch in untterances can be called intonation.
In his definition, two things are clearly classified. Firstly, he specifies “pitch” as the essence of intonation. Secondly, the definition futher specifies the concern between intonation and utterances. Barbara Bradford (1988) defined Intonation is a feature of the spoken language.
It consists of the continuous changing of the pitch of a speaker’s voice to express meanings. The author specified that people can mean different things by using the same group of words, arranged in the same oeder, but saying them in different ways. O’Connor (1967) mentioned to the different attitudes of expressing a word group, it can be said definitely or hesitantly, angrily or kindly, with interest or without interest, “and these differences are largely made by the tunes we use: the words do not change their meaning but the tune we use adds something to the words, and what it adds is the spesker’s feelings at that moment; this way of using tunes is called intonation.” Here the phonetician wanted to emphasize the important role of tunes in English and a necessary study about the shapes as well as the meanings of tunes in English. For Peter Roach (1983), “no definition is completely satisfactory but any attempt at a definition must recognize that the pitch of the voice plays the most important part.
Only in very unusual situations do we speak with fixed, unvarying pitch and when we speak normally the pitch of our voice is constantly changing.” In sum, all the above mentioned definitions have mentioned intonation is the change of the pitch of the voice in speaking.english TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Functions of English Intonation 1. Grammatical function According to Peter Roach (1983), with the help of intonation the listener can recognize the grammar and syntactic structure of what being said. More clearly, the listener is better able to realize the placement of boundaries between phrases, clauses or sentences, the difference between questions and statements and the use of grammatical subordination may be indicated.
Look at a typical example by Peter Roach (1983): “ Those who sold quickly mame a profit." This can be expressed in at least two different ways: a/ Those who sold quickly mame a profit. b/ Those who sold / quickly made a profit.