VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST — GRADUATE STUDLES PHAM THI PHUONG LIEN AN EXAMINATION OF VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS TN USSIT— VNUIT (NGHIÊN CỨC VẺ CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC TỪ VỰNG CỦA SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ NHAT TRUONG DAL HOC KHXHNV — DHQGHN) M. MINOR PROGRAMME TIIESIS Field: English Teaching Methodolugy Code: 601410 Hanoi, 2010 'VIETNAM NATIONAL UDNIVERSITY, HANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST — GRADUATE STUDLES PHAM THI PHUONG LIEN AN EXAMINATION OF VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS IN USSIT— VNUTT (NGHIÊN CỨC VẺ CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC TU VUNG CUA SINH VIEN NAM THU NHAT TRUONG DAI HOC KHXHNV — DHQCHN) M. MINOR PROGRAMMK THESIS Vield: English Tcaching Mcthodolngy Code: 601410 Supervisor: Dr. Duong Thi Nu Hanoi, 2010 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CANDIDATR’S STATEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTäS. in LISTS OF PABLUS. FIGURES AND ABBREVLATIONS PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Aims ofthe Ñtudy.
4, Seopc oŸthe Si8Iy. Method of the Study 6. Structure of the thesis “ PART 2: DEVELOPMENT. CHAPTER | — LITERATURE REVIEW 1,1.
The importance of learning strategies. Factors affecting learners in learning English vocabulary 1. Vocabulary learning strategies. Classification of vocabulary learning siratcgjcs.
Classification of Schritl’s vocabulary learning strategies 1. An overview of vocabulary learning strategies researches CHAPTER 2 — METHODOLOGY. The context of the Study 2. Instrument for data collection.
Data collsction prooeđtSs.4, Data analysis procedures. CHAPTER3 — FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION PART 3: CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Sunmuies of the main findings 2. Limitation and suggestions for further research rn.
Suggestion for further studies, a 38 RETERENCES. AD LISTS OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ABBREVIATIONS List of tables Table1: Nation's (2001) taxonomy of vocabulary learning stralegies. ‘Table 2: Schmitt’s taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategizs. 13 Table 3: Overall mean soore of vocabulary learning strategies used by the students.28 Table 4: Mean scores of each vocabulary learning strategy used Dy students.31 List of ligures Figure 1; Students’ use of DET strategies in vocabulary learning.
Figuie 2; Students’ usc of SOC strategics in vocabulary learning. Figure 3: Students’ use of MEM strategies in vocabulary learn 35 Figure 4: Stndents’ use of COG strategies in vocabnlary learring. 36 Figure 5: Student's ure of MRT strategies in vocabulary learning —. List of abbreviations VLS: Vocabulary 1.earning Strategies USSH.
University of Social Scieuces and Humanilies LI: first language L2: second language PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Human beings are limited in their capacity to process information. The knowledge and skills requires would in fact quickly overwhelm the capacity of any learner fo deal with them, ifa numbcr of strategies wore nol brought inte action. Thus the need to cope with language generates the motivation and rationale for learning, strategies.
These strategies can be defined as methods employed by the person for the processing of input language information so as ta gain control of it, thus crubling the assimilation of that information by the self. By using learning strategies, leamers are able to manage their own learning as a whole process (eg. having relevant knowledge boul teaming, meking plans, utilizing communicative situations, self-monitoring and evaluating). These strategies will ultimately be employed with a degree of control and self-awareness which is in keeping with the learners” individual cognitive style and general personlily.
Better learning stralcgics would cnable learners to go on improving their English on their own in the long, complex process of language learning. In Vietnam, language learning strategies have recently been paid much attention by both teachers and feamers. Th order to improve Tinglish skills, learners make significant changes in terms of using leaming strategies in studying and practicing English, especially in their vocabulary learning “Acquisition depends crucially on the input being comprehensible. And comprehensibility is dependent directly on the ability to recognize the meaning of key elements in the utterance.
Thus, acquisition will not take place withoul comprehension of vocabulary.” Krashon and Terrell (1983 as cited by Youngkyu Kim, 2006) Obviously vocabulary leaming plays an important part in language acquisition. Inadequate vocabulary could Icad lo toarners? difficulties im language reception and production. Thns learners have to use vocabnlary learning strategies (VIS) in order to broaden their vocabulary in an effective way. A large numiber of researches have been carried oul so as lo show out.
an overview of VLS in ELT, For instance Coady (1993) pointed out that the vast majority of words in Ll come ffom extensive and multiple exposures through use rather than direct instruction, and therefore, vocabalary lsaming in a socond Tanguage should folfow the same routs. Boyle (1987) found that, despite a female superiority in gcneral proficiency, male students outperformed their female counterparts in listening vocatulary. Oxford, Lavine, Hollaway, Felkins, and Saleh (1996), on the olher hand, discovered (hat (ernales were significantly more willing than males to try out new vocabulary learning stratzgies, a finding that has been corroborated in a few other studies (Gu, 2002; Young 4 Oxford, 1997) and etc ‘As an English teacher at University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH), I believe that it is essential to explore current situation of students” use of vocabulary leaming strategies in this university, However, up lo now, there have not been any rescarches om vocabulary learning strategies of first-year students. General English knowledge at first- year course aims to establish background knowledge for students.
At third year, students at some facullios lave to study Frngtish for specific purposes in which they mainly loarn specialized vocabulary, Therefore, the researcher’s ambition in this paper is offering an insightful understanding of the current vocabulary learning situation among the first-year students, With a beter understanding, we can find ways lo help students to become more aulonomous learners with, tor example, vocabulary language learning strategy training 2. Aims of the Study It was hoped thal this study could get us closer to a comprehensive understanding of vocabulary learning strategies of freshmen in USSH and provide some implications for both the learning and teaching of English as a foreign language contexts. Research questions The study will be conducted to answer the following questions: - What are the most and the least frequently used vocabulary learning strategies by freshmen in USSH? - What are the differences in the use of vocabulary learning strategies among these students in different faculties? 4. Scope of the Study ‘This paper reports on the learning of English vocabulary by elementary college students (N— 421) on a first year courss in USSH — VNUH.
Comparison is also made to find out the differences of vecabulary learning strategies between students in different faculties. Meihod of the Stuy In order fo achieve the aims mentioned above, the study was designed to use a questionnaire as the way of data collection. Aller collscting, analyzing and discussing dala, some conclusion will be drawn. Furthormore, English teachers at the USSH will be interviewed about the stratcgics their students use in learning vocabulary to support information for the conclusion.
Structure of the thesis This thesis consists of three parls, namely Inlroduction, Development and Conclusions and Recommendations. Part 1, the Introduction, prescnts the rationale, the aims, the scope and the method of the study. Part 2 is the Development which includes three chapters as follows xii Chapter 1 (Eiterature review) introduces the theoretical fmundations for the whole paper. Besides providing the deñnition of kzy terms such as learning siratepies, vocabulary learning strategies, it offers a critical review of studies related to the research problem.
Chapter 2 (Mothodology) elaborates on the participants, the instrimanis, the procedure of vollevling data and the procedure of provessing dala from the qucstionnaire and interviews Chapter 3 (Findings and Discussion) presents and analyses alll the collected data to find out the answers to the two research questions, Part 3, the Conclusions and Recommendations summarizes all the major points raised in the paper and presents the author’s suggestions on the vocabulary learning and teaching for first- yoar slurlenis in USSH_VNUH based on the rescarch findings and the rotated tterature xiii PART 2: DEVET.OPMENT CIIAPTER 1 —LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1, Introduction This chapler provides an overview of the Hilerature relaled to this study, laying the foundations for the subsequent development of the paper. Beside some basic concepts like vocabulary level, language learning strategies, vocabulary learning strategies and eritical background information about these key terms are presenisd ip cnsure a thorough understanding of the research matters. Learning strategies and learning strategy classification systems are also reviewed to set up the theoretical framework for the examination in the next chapler. This review will reveal the research gap, thus rationalizing (he need lo carry oul the study.1 Definitions Learning nowadays can be defined as the process by which the external and unfarniliar becomes internal, familiar and usable.
Leaming is more accurately depicted as an active process and that to lcarn, the Icamers will cmploy a number of specific means, The word “strategy” refers to those means, However, there is no agreement regarding the definition of the ferm “language learning strategies” Learning strategies are defined by O'Malley and Chamot (1990) as "special thoughts ar behaviors that individuals usc lo comprehend, learn, or retain new information” (p. According to Bialystock (1985) “learning strategies reflect the ordinary processes of learning that occur whelher or not the leamer is allending to and deliboratcly manipulating them. Thus, learning strategies are not different from leaming processes. Leaming strategies, defined by Weinstein and Mayer (1986) (in O’Malicy and Chamot 1990) have learning facilitation as a goal and are intentional on the part of the learner.
The xiv goal of strategy use és to “affect the learner's motivational or affective state, or the way in which the learner selects, acquires, organizes, or integrates new knowledge” (p 43). Although the lerminclogy is nol always uniform, with some writers using the terms "Jeamer strategies’ (Wendin & Rubm, 1987), others “learning strategies" (O'Malley & Chamot, 1990; Chamot & O'Malley, 1994), and still others "language learning strategies" (Oxford, 1990a, 1996), thers arc a number of basic characteristics in the gencrally accepted view of LLS. Oxford (1990) summarizes her view of language learning strategics by listing twelve key features: = Contribute to the main goal, comumunicative competence « Allow learners to become more self- directed © Expand the role of teachers «Are problem-oriented * Are specific actions taken by the learner «Involve muny aspeets of the leaner, nol just the cogrntive + Support learning both directly and indirectly + — Are not always observable « Aro olÏlencorscious + Can be taught «Are flexible «Are influenced by a variety of factors Each researcher defines learning strategies from different perspectives. In this study 1 adopted the definition by Oxford in the account that it covers the csscntial aspects of language learning strategies.
The importance of learning strategies Sido by side with the development of language skills in English, considered as content, it is important also that learners “lea how to lean”. The primary benefit to leamers would be w in the long term. Good learning strategies would enable learners to go on improving their English on theix own in the very long, complex process of language learning. The main benefit gained from all learning strategies.
is the fact that they enable learners to take more control of their own learning so that students can take more responsibility for their studies. (Nation, 2001) The straicgics, consequently, help learners orcats their independance, autonomy and, seléidirection in study. When students are equipped with a range of different learning strategies, they can decide upon how exactly they would like to deal with difficulties. A good knowledge of learning strategies and the ability to apply them in suitable situations might considerably simplify the problems in the learning process.
Vocabulary learning Vocabulary is central to language and is of great significance to language learners. According to Oxford Advanced Leamer’s Dictionary Sixth Edition (2000), vocabulary is “all the words a person knows or uses”.