THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ––––––––––––––––––––––– LO THI NHUNG A STUDY ON COMMON GRAMATICAL ERRORS IN PARAGRAPH WRITING OF NON - ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HOA BINH TEACHER’S TRAINING COLLEGE (Nghiên cứu những lỗi ngữ pháp phổ biến trong viết đoạn văn của sinh viên không chuyên Anh tại trường CĐSP Hòa Bình) M.A THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201 THAI NGUYEN - 2019 Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ––––––––––––––––––––––– LO THI NHUNG A STUDY ON COMMON GRAMATICAL ERRORS IN PARAGRAPH WRITING OF NON – ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HOA BINH TEACHER’S TRAINING COLLEGE (Nghiên cứu những lỗi ngữ pháp phổ biến trong viết đoạn văn của sinh viên không chuyên Anh tại trường CĐSP Hòa Bình) M.A THESIS APPLICATION ORIENTATION Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Assoc. Hoang Tuyet Minh THAI NGUYEN – 2019 Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I certify my authorship of the study report entitled “Common Grammatical Errors in Paragraph Writing of non - English major students at Hoa Binh teachers’ training college ” In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Hoa Binh, June 18th 2019 Trainee Lo Thi Nhung Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to a number of people for helping me to make this M. First and foremost, my deepest gratitude goes to Assoc. Hoang Tuyet Minh, my supervisor, who supported and encouraged me generously throughout this study.
Without her excellent academic guidance and support, my thesis would not have been completed. I would like to sincerely thank the anonymous participants who contributed data to this study. Without their outstanding cooperation, this thesis would not have been completed. My appreciation is also extended to a number of staff members of Department of Foreign Languages at Hoa Binh Teacher’s Training College for their assistance in statistical issues and for their assistance in editing work.
I would like to thank my family, especially my parents and my husband for their constant source of love, support and encouragement in times of difficulty and frustration. Finally, I would like to thank my readers for their interests and comments on this thesis. While I am deeply indebted to all these people for their help to the completion of this thesis, I myself remain responsible for any inadequacies that are found in this work. Lo Thi Nhung Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT This paper studies common grammatical errors in paragraph writing committed by non- English major students at Hoa Binh teachers’ training college and the causes of these errors.
To achieve the desired aims of current study, the author combined both qualitative and quantitative methods, including the instrument namely students’ writing analysis. The participants in the research were fifty non - English major students of two K26A and K26B primary education classes of primary Department at Hoa Binh teachers’ training college. Research results show that non- English major students often commit errors in verb tenses and forms, subject – verb agreement, prepositions, and plurality. Furthermore, the main causes of these errors are mother tongue interference, overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restrictions, incomplete application of rules and false concepts hypothesized; in which interference of native language and overgeneralization are the most common ones.
In order to overcome these errors, it is suggested that teachers should help students practice writing and correct their writings effectively by suitable and flexible techniques. Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. viii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES.
ix PART A: INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the study. Aims of the study. Scope of the study.
Design of the research .4 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW. An overview of grammar. Definitions of grammar. Roles of grammar in foreign language teaching.
An overview of writing. An overview of paragraph. Definitions of paragraph. Structure of a paragraph.
An overview of errors in foreign language teaching. Definitions of errors. Errors versus mistakes. Sources of errors.
Definitions of EA. Significance of EA .13 Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail. The procedure of error analysis. Types of grammar errors in ESL writing.23 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY.
Methods of the study. Data collection instrument. Data collection procedure. Collection of sample.
Identification of errors. Classification of errors. Explanation of errors. Evaluation of errors .28 CHAPTER III: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS.
The grammatical errors in students’ writing samples. The common grammatical errors committed by non - English major students at Hoa Binh teacher’s training college in paragraph writing. The causes of errors made by non - English major students at Hoa Binh teacher’s training college in paragraph writing. Summary of the study.
Limitations of the study and suggestions for further study.51 Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ESL : English as a Second Language EFL : English as a Foreign Language EA : Error Analysis L1 : The First Language L2 : The Second Language Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1. The distinction between error and mistake. Description of error categories. Error marking symbols.
Number and percentage of grammatical errors in paragraph writing. Frequency of each grammatical error type in descending order. Percentage of grammatical errors in paragraph writing. Frequency of each grammatical error type in descending order .31 Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com PART A: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale of the study Nowadays, English is the most popular foreign language taught in Vietnam. It helps Vietnam closer to other countries in the world and is the key to access the latest achievements in science and technology. Therefore, learning English is essential for Vietnamese to satisfy their needs in modern society. Furthermore, in the process of learning foreign language, the learners’ primary goal is to improve their communicative competence.
In order to obtain this, it is compulsory for them to be good at four skills in English: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Among these, writing is considered a very important proficiency which helps people to communicate with each other through messages. Hornby (2003, as cited in Murtadha, 2010) explains that writing is a process of expressing ideas down on paper and is a means to transform thoughts into words to communicate information clearly. Besides, writing makes a great contribution to enhance other skills in language, improve learners’ logical way of thinking as well.
It is undeniable that writing plays the utmost important role in learning English. To evaluate learners’ writing proficiency, teachers often examine their written papers. This is one of the most effective ways mentioned in a number of studies. For instance, Muammar Rifqi (2016) implemented a study on the analysis of grammatical errors in the writing samples at English Education Department of Islamic Education; Abeywickrama (2010) conducted the investigation on errors in English writing of Sinlaha speaking undergraduates.
In Vietnam, it has also been taken a lot of notice of analysis of students’ writing. For instance, Le Thuy Trang (2014) conducted a study on the errors analysis of Pre-Intermediate EFL Students’ Writings at Leecam Language; Hoang Thi Hong Hai (2003) studied grammatical and textual errors in paragraphs by second year students at English Department - College of Foreign languages - Vietnam National University. Besides, many other researches on this field have been carried out. These studies have been implemented on different learning contexts as well as different learners.
Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com In the process of teaching as an English lecturer at Hoa Binh teacher’s training college for six years, the author finds that most of non-English major students often make grammatical errors in wring paragraphs. A number of techniques have been proposed in order to improve students’ writing skill. Nevertheless, students have often had little concern to common errors in their writing. They do not know why they commit errors and how to prevent and reduce these errors.
Hence, with the goal of solving the problem above, the researcher would like to conduct a study which is written in the thesis entitled “common grammatical errors in paragraph writing of non - English major students at Hoa Binh Teacher’s Training College”. Aims of the study The aim of the study is to help the non - English major students at Hoa Binh teacher’s training college overcome the common grammatical errors in writing English paragraphs. Research questions To reach the aim mentioned above, the research questions are put forward as below: + What are the common grammatical errors committed by non – English major students in writing English paragraph? + What are the major causes of committing these errors made by non – English major students in writing English paragraph? 4. Scope of the study The study focuses on investigating grammatical errors which non – English students at Hoa Binh teachers’ training college often commit in writing short paragraphs.
However, the researcher does not cover all types of errors; she only analyzes some most common errors under the study of students’ writing. Afterwards, the researcher proposes some suggestions which help to improve teaching and learning writing skill. Design of the research The study consists of three parts, organized as follows: Part A: Introduction Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com This part gives information about the topic of the research, the reason for choosing this topic, the aims, research questions, scope, significance, and structure of the study. Part B: Development Chapter I: Literature Review Various perspectives on grammar, paragraph writing, errors, error analysis (EA) are discussed in order to provide a theoretical background of the study.
Chapter II: Methodology This chapter mentions context and participants of the study, research instruments, data collection procedure and data analysis methods. Chapter III: Findings and Discussions The data collected will be analyzed in order to give answers to the research questions. Part C: Conclusion This part deals with summary of the study. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research and some recommendations are also presented here.
Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu và Công nghệ thông tin – ĐHTN http://lrc.vn download by : skknchat@gmail.com PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the theories relevant to the topic under investigation in the study, namely writing, paragraph, grammar, grammatical errors, errors and mistakes, sources of errors and error analysis. In this chapter, the researcher citied a lot of notions relating to writing, paragraph, grammar, errors, sources of errors as well as the error analysis. Based on the theoretical background, the researcher was convenient in conducting the study. The content of this chapter was summarized in the following: 1.
An overview of grammar 1. Definitions of grammar For learners starting to learn a new language, it is essential that they learn the basic grammatical rules of the target language. To have a good understanding about grammar, there are some definitions of grammar that can be quoted from experts. Wilcox (2004) states that grammar cannot be separated from language.
It lives in language.