Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU ETD Archive 2016 Specification Recommendation for Use of High Performance Repair Material Jennifer Woods Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.edu/etdarchive Part of the Civil Engineering Commons How does access to this work benefit you? Let us know! Recommended Citation Woods, Jennifer, "Specification Recommendation for Use of High Performance Repair Material" (2016).edu/etdarchive/941 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in ETD Archive by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact library. SPECIFICATION RECOMMENDATION FOR USE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE REPAIR MATERIAL JENNIFER L.
WOODS Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering Cleveland State University May 2015 Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY MAY 2016 We hereby approve thesis of Jennifer L. Woods Candidate for the Masters of Science in Civil Engineering degree. This thesis has been approved for the department of Civil Engineering and the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY College of Graduate Studies by Signature of Chairperson of the Committee here Dr. Norbert Delatte Department and Date Signature of Committee Member here Dr.
Jacqueline Jenkins Department and Date Signature of Committee member here Dr. Mehdi Jalalpour Department and Date 05/09/2016 Student’s Date of Defense ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was sponsored by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), under a research contract titled “Evaluation of High Performance Pavement and Bridge Deck Wearing Surface Repair Materials”, State Job number 124816, Agreement number 25969. The research was also supported by Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Washkewicz College of Engineering, and the College of Graduate Studies at Cleveland State University. Completion of this study was assisted by a number of groups and individuals, without which this study could not have been completed.
The research team would like to acknowledge and thank ODOT District 8 for their assistance, support, and coordination to make the field installation and testing possible. Special thanks to the University of Cincinnati’s Dr. Richard Miller and Mohammad Asghar for their assistance, Cleveland State University graduate student Larisa Susinskas, recent graduates Andrew Lesak, Alice Sommerville and Kamran Amini for their input and support, and Dr. Norbert Delatte for his guidance, support, and knowledge of the subject.
iii SPECIFICATION RECOMMENDATION FOR USE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE REPAIR MATERIAL JENNIFER L. WOODS ABSTRACT The State of Ohio and the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) have sought out ways to extend the life of the repair materials used by their construction crews, specifically, using high performance repair materials for the purposes of patching worn down or cracked sections of highways and bridge decks. Ohio is known for its frequent changes in weather, with freeze-thaw cycles occurring multiple times throughout the year. These cycles affect the lifespan of the repair material and create more maintenance for the DOT.
Products that combat this problem were chosen, installed and examined over a year period to determine which could be recommended for continued use. The objective of this study was to thoroughly examine other state’s specifications, as well as taking into consideration the results of the research and lab work done by fellow graduate students on high-performance repair material and to recommend a standard specification for the Ohio Department of Transportation. The research team documented the processes in which each of the repair materials was installed in order to compare ease of installation and to determine whether the material would be used in subsequent tests. After examination of previous recommendations and results, the materials that were chosen for the summer 2015 installation and testing were RepCon 928 and MG Krete.
RepCon 928 was the only product that was used during the winter 2014/15 installations and was considered for further investigation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES .viii LIST OF FIGURES. INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .2 ODOT Problem Statement .6 Benefits and Potential Application of Research Results .7 Organization of this Thesis.
CURRENT OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SPECIFICATION .1 Construction and Material Specifications.2 Removal of Unsound Concrete .3 Preparation of Patch Surface Area .4 Placement of Concrete or Patching Material .5 Bonding Grout Installation. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PRACTICES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES .1 Alabama Department of Transportation .2 Alaska Department of Transportation .3 Arizona Department of Transportation .4 Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department .5 California Department of Transportation .6 Colorado Department of Transportation.7 Connecticut Department of Transportation .8 Delaware Department of Transportation .9 District of Columbia Department of Transportation .10 Florida Department of Transportation .11 Georgia Department of Transportation .13 Idaho Transportation Department.14 Illinois Department of Transportation .15 Indiana Department of Transportation .16 Iowa Department of Transportation .17 Kansas Department of Transportation .18 Kentucky Transportation Cabinet .19 Louisiana Department of Transportation .20 Maine Department of Transportation .21 Maryland Department of Transportation .22 Massachusetts Department of Transportation .23 Michigan Department of Transportation .24 Minnesota Department of Transportation .25 Mississippi Department of Transportation .26 Missouri Department of Transportation .27 Montana Department of Transportation.28 Nebraska Department of Roads .29 Nevada Department of Transportation .30 New Hampshire Department of Transportation .31 New Jersey Department of Transportation .32 New Mexico Department of Transportation .33 New York State Department of Transportation .34 North Carolina Department of Transportation.35 North Dakota Department of Transportation .36 Oklahoma Department of Transportation.37 Oregon Department of Transportation.38 Pennsylvania Department of Transportation .39 Rhode Island Department of Transportation .40 South Carolina Department of Transportation .41 South Dakota Department of Transportation .42 Tennessee Department of Transportation .43 Texas Department of Transportation.44 Utah Department of Transportation .45 Vermont Agency of Transportation.46 Virginia Department of Transportation .47 Washington State Department of Transportation .48 West Virginia Division of Highways .49 Wisconsin Department of Transportation.50 Wyoming Department of Transportation .51 Comparison of Specifications and Qualified Products lists. FIELD, MATERIAL, AND PROCEDURAL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. 60 ODOT’S QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST (As of April 2016).
61 DOT CONTACT INFORMATION BY STATE. 62 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: ODOT Requirements for Quick Setting Concrete Mortar. 9 Table 2:CALTRANS Bonding Material Requirements. 16 Table 3: GDOT Concrete Requirements.
22 Table 4: IDOT Classes of Patches. 23 Table 5: IDOT Patch Type. 24 Table 6: LDOT Minimum Requirements of Structural Concrete. 29 Table 7 : NJDOT Requirements for Quick Setting Patch Material.
36 Table 8 : NMDOT Minimum Requirements for Concrete Repair. 36 Table 9 : Top Materials from Qualified/Approved Product Lists. 48 Table 10: Recommended Test Methods and Requirements. 63 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: KDOT Reinforcement Exposure.
27 Figure 2: KDOT Plan for Removal of Concrete around Reinforcement with <½ Bar Exposed. 27 Figure 3: KDOT Plan for Removal of Concrete around Reinforcement with >½ Bar Exposed. 28 Figure 4 : ODOT Patch Geometry. 39 ix ACRONYMS AASHTO American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials ACI American Concrete Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ERDC Engineer Research and Development Center NTPEP National Transportation Product Evaluation Program ODOT Ohio Department of Transportation PCC Portland Cement Concrete x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1.1 Introduction This thesis, recommending a specification for the use of high performance repair material for use in patching of highway pavements and bridge decks, is part of Cleveland State University’s research project for the Ohio Department of Transportation.
The scope of this thesis is to explore high performance repairs of concrete through literature reviews. The recommendation is made based on current state specifications, as well as Larisa Susinskas’ thesis covering field observation of installation and performance of repair materials (Susinskas, 2016), Kamran Amini’s thesis providing analysis through laboratory testing of high performance repair material (Amini, 2015), Andrew Lesak’s thesis discussing the field testing of high performance repair materials (Lesak, 2014), and Alice Sommerville’s thesis which explains the selection of high performance repair materials (Sommerville, 2014).2 ODOT Problem Statement Patching of pavements and bridge decks is necessary for the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) to ensure the safety of both its workers and the users of the 1 infrastructure. Spalling, cracking and unsound concrete not only create an aesthetic problem, but also are a safety concern. Repairing bridge decks and portland cement concrete pavement is not only costly in itself, but it also causes travel delays when having to shut down lanes and reroute traffic.
The current products being used by ODOT include those that provide a temporary fix or cementitious materials that closely resemble the pavement or bridge deck materials, both of which have been used for decades. The specification provides current construction practices as well as mix design criteria for those types of materials and does not address the use of high performance repair material. Currently, several repairs have been made using high performance repair materials and research has been done in order to allow for a better understanding of the materials and their implementation into current or revised specifications.3 Research Context Issues that arise from the degradation of concrete and asphalt roadways, bridge decks and wearing surfaces continue to create problems for users and DOTs across the nation. Whether the materials were not mixed accurately, the mix was not placed properly, or for a variety of other reasons, repairs have to be made to the surfaces.
High performance rapid hardening materials may be preferred over other conventional materials due to the need to limit disruption on bridge decks, roads and highways. The faster the lane can be reopened to traffic, the better. These types of materials are widely available in the market, but it is necessary to measure their actual performance. Materials incorporated in the field installation, lab research and field observations included Delpatch, Pavesaver, Wabo Elastopatch, FlexSet, MG Krete, SR-2000, T 1060, FastSet DOT Mix, RepCon 928 and HD-50 (Sommerville, 2014).
The state specifications will also be examined for their use of these materials. 2 Measuring material properties and performance in a lab can provide a lot of information about how that material will perform in the controlled environment of a laboratory. Measuring those materials out in the field, however, will provide much more insight into how that material will actually perform in the environment where it is needed. The ability to observe and record several of the materials’ properties is key in recommending a new specification for widespread use.
Preparation of the area to be repaired and installation of the patching material play a vital role in the patch’s performance and longevity. Ensuring the procedures for the removal of the existing unsound concrete, preparation, and installation are understood and followed are just as important as the mix itself. Proper curing of the concrete, although on a much smaller scale than that of a full slab, contributes to the patches’ performance in the long run.4 Study Objectives The goal of the recommendation is to provide a specification that includes a more durable and longer lasting repair material that decreases the need of future maintenance and that ensures the safety of both the worker and the user. The objective of this thesis was to combine all pertinent material from previous investigations and reports into a recommended specification suitable for adoption by the Ohio Department of Transportation.
The current specification that covers the use of portland cement concrete, as well as epoxy mortar and other types of repair materials will be the basis for the new recommendation. Changes to the recommendation will include preparation of the area to be repaired, preparation of the mixture, placement of the repair material and curing as it relates to using high performance repair material.5 Research Plan In order to provide a specification recommendation, the following objectives were to be accomplished. Investigate and compare other states’ specifications for bridge deck and highway repair. Review recommendations made in other studies/theses.
Identify the high performance repair material(s) for use in the specification. Identify a recommendation for a complete specification.