1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES ********* NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC TUYẾT DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING ESP VOCABULARY TO SECOND – YEAR STUDENTS AT HANOI COMMUNITY COLLEGE: A CASE STUDY NGHIÊN CỨU NHỮNG KHÓ KHĂN TRONG VIỆC DẠY TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH CHO SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ HAI TẠI TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CỘNG ĐỒNG HÀ NỘI M. MINOR THESIS Field: English methodology Code: 60.10 Hanoi – 2010 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST - GRADUATE STUDIES ********* NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC TUYẾT DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING ESP VOCABULARY TO SECOND – YEAR STUDENTS AT HANOI COMMUNITY COLLEGE: A CASE STUDY NGHIÊN CỨU NHỮNG KHÓ KHĂN TRONG VIỆC DẠY TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH CHO SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ HAI TẠI TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CỘNG ĐỒNG HÀ NỘI M. MINOR THESIS Field: English methodology Code: 60. Nguyễn Huy Kỷ Hanoi TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Candidate’s statement ………………………………………………………………………i Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………….ii Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………iii Table of contents ………………………………………………………………………….iv List of abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………vii List of tables …………………………………………………………………………….viii List of figures …………………………………………………………………………….viii PART A: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………….
Objectives of the study …………………………………………………………………2 3. Scope of the study ……………………………………………………………………. Methods of the study …………………………………………………………………. Significance of the study ……………………………………………………………….
Design of the study …………………………………………………………………….5 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………. ELT vocabulary teaching ……………………………………………………………5 1. What is vocabulary? …………………………………………………………………5 1. What need to be taught? …………………………………………………………….
Presentation techniques ……………………………………………………………6 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Practice and consolidation techniques ……………………………………………. ESP vocabulary teaching ……………………………………………………………. What is ESP vocabulary? ……………………………………………………………8 1.
Needs analysis in ESP vocabulary teaching …………………………………………9 1. Important aspects of ESP vocabulary teaching ……………………………………. Teaching ESP vocabulary …………………………………………………………. Practice and consolidation techniques ……………………………………………12 1.
Problems in conducting an ESP course ……………………………………………13 CHAPTER 2: THE INVESTIGATION ………………………………………………. The context of teaching and learning vocabulary at Hanoi Community College 2. The syllabus and materials …………………………………………………………14 2. Methods and procedures ………………………………………………………….
Data collection instruments ………………………………………………………. Data collection procedure …………………………………………………………. Findings and discussion. The teachers’ questionnaire …………………………………………………….
The teachers’ background ……………………………………………………….17 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. The teachers’ attitude towards ESP vocabulary teaching ………………………. The teachers’ techniques to teach ESP vocabulary ………………………………19 2. The teachers’ difficulties in teaching ESP vocabulary ………………………….
The teachers’ suggestions to improve their ESP vocabulary teaching …………. The students’ questionnaire ……………………………………………………. The students’ background ………………………………………………………. The students’ attitude towards ESP vocabulary learning ……………………….
The students’ ways of learning ESP vocabulary …………………………………27 2. The students’ difficulties in learning ESP vocabulary …………………………. The students’ suggestions to improve their ESP vocabulary learning …………. Difficulties in teaching ESP vocabulary to second – year students at HCC ………….
Suggestions to improve teaching ESP vocabulary to second – year students at HCC …38 3. Limitations and suggestions for further studies ……………………………………….IV TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ELT: English Language Teaching ESP: English for Specific Purposes HCC: Hanoi Community College TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Teachers’ experience in teaching ESP …………………. Purposes of teaching ESP vocabulary……………………………………………18 Table 3.
Teachers’ evaluation on the importance of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar in ESP teaching ………………………………………………. Teachers’ frequency of presentation techniques ………. Teachers’ frequency of practice techniques ………………. Teachers’ frequency of consolidation activities …………………………………20 Table 7.
Teachers’ difficulties in teaching ESP vocabulary. Teachers’ suggestions to improve their ESP vocabulary teaching ……. Students’ evaluation on the importance of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar in ESP learning ………………………………………………………………………………26 Table 10. Students’ habits of learning vocabulary ……………………………………….
Students’ regular activities in class ……………………………………………. Practice exercises which were most preferred by the students ………………. Students’ suggestions to improve their ESP vocabulary learning …………….34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Teachers’ experience in being trained on teaching ESP ……………………….
Students’ opinions about the role of ESP for their future job …………………. Students’ evaluation on the importance of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar in ESP learning ………………………………………………………………………………26 Figure 5. Students’ frequency of learning new words at home …………………………. Students’ favourite way of new lexical item explanation ………………………27 Figure 7.
Students’ favourite consolidation activities ……………………………………. Students’ difficulties in learning vocabulary …………………………………. Students’ understanding about ESP vocabulary learning strategies ……………33 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 11 PART A: INTRODUCTION 8. Rationale Nowadays, English language plays an important role in increasing development of science, technology, politics, culture and international relations in Vietnam.
For that reason, there is a great demand for teaching and learning English throughout the country for different purposes. In the rapidly changing world, teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has become one of the most prominent features of the English language teaching process. Hutchinson and Waters (1987) reported that ESP is an approach for language teaching in which all decisions regarding content and methods are based on the learners’ reasons for learning. It focuses on using English effectively in specific academic fields such as business, law, medicine, sciences, etc.
In teaching English for Specific Purposes, no one argues that the scope of specialized vocabulary is a primary goal. As Robinson (1991:4) stated the central role of vocabulary as carrier content in ESP: “It may often be thought that a characteristic, or even a critical feature, of ESP is that a course should involve specialist language (especially terminology) and content.” However, up to now, teaching and learning ESP, particularly teaching and learning vocabulary has still been far from satisfactory. With many similar characteristics and a number of different features in comparison with General English, ESP is viewed as something hard to teach for language teachers. In the context of Hanoi Community College (HCC), students start to learn ESP at the beginning of the second year.
In fact, with a short duration of 30 class hours, one of the most important aims of ESP course for these students is achieving basic ESP vocabulary. However, with limited knowledge of vocabulary, it is hard for them to study. They often learn vocabulary passively through their teachers’ explanation. In addition, there are too many new words given in each lesson, too little time spent on memorizing and recycling those words.
Thus, there arises the need to increase the number of words they know, which requires a great deal of help from the teachers. Meanwhile, the frequently used method to teach vocabulary in class is to give the explanations and Vietnamese equivalents, then have students do some kinds of vocabulary exercises and rarely give feedback to their students. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 12 As a result, the teachers are facing a number of problems during their teaching process, which need to be identified and worked out as soon as possible to improve their vocabulary teaching. For all these reasons, I would like to conduct a research to find out the difficulties in teaching ESP vocabulary to second-year students at Hanoi Community College and give some suggestions to improve the teaching and learning of ESP vocabulary there.
Objectives of the study In this study, three objectives were involved as follow: 1. To give better understanding of the notions of vocabulary and ESP vocabulary; some important aspects of ESP vocabulary teaching, some techniques currently used in teaching vocabulary and ESP vocabulary. To identify some problems in teaching ESP vocabulary to Second – Year Students at HCC. To suggest some solutions to improve teaching ESP vocabulary to Second – Year Students at HCC.
Research questions The research is carried out with an attempt to find out the answers to the following questions: 3. What are the major difficulties encountered by teachers in the teaching of ESP vocabulary to Second – Year Students at HCC? 4. What are the suggestions for a better teaching ESP vocabulary to Second – Year Students at HCC? 4. Scope of the study The study is limited to the area of teaching ESP vocabulary to Second – Year Students at HCC.
Specially, this minor thesis deals with the current and common problems experienced by the teachers at HCC. There are two levels of training at the college: College level and Vocational Training level. Within its scope, the study is limited itself only to the ESP for Vocational students. The investigation primarily deals with reading in an ESP course - “English for Architecture and Construction” TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 13 In addition, based on the discussions of these problems, some feasible solutions will be introduced.
Methods of the study The study is designed to use a combination of various methods to obtain its aims and objectives. To begin with, an extensive of literature review is conducted, defining the notions of vocabulary and ESP vocabulary; some important aspects of ESP vocabulary teaching, some techniques currently used in teaching vocabulary and ESP vocabulary. Then the major method used in the study is the quantitative one. That is all comments, considerations, suggestions given in the thesis are based on the analysis of the statistic from the survey questionnaires conducted with the teachers and students at HCC.
The results from the survey questionnaires are combined with course book assessment, classroom observation, informal interviews and discussions with the teachers and students at HCC. Significance of the study The significance of this research stems from the fact that vocabulary plays an important role in teaching and learning ESP. This study emphasizes the need for finding out the difficulties in teaching ESP vocabulary and suggestions to improve the teaching and learning ESP vocabulary. The results obtained in this study would be helpful to the teachers and students at HCC as well as general audience, especially second language teachers and learners who want to teach and learn ESP better.
In addition, the findings would be useful to researchers who want to do further research on this topic or extend this knowledge to any other related fields of study. Finally, for ESP textbook writers it would serve as a reference in the development of teaching materials necessary for successful ESP teaching and learning. Design of the study The thesis is organized into three parts: Part A: Introduction This part presents the rationale, objectives, research questions, scope as well as methods and significance of the study. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 14 Part B: Development This part is divided into two chapters.
Chapter 1: Literature review This chapter deals with the theoretical background for the study. The focus of this chapter is vocabulary and ESP vocabulary, some important aspects of ESP vocabulary teaching, some techniques currently used in teaching vocabulary and ESP vocabulary. Chapter 2: The investigation This is the main part of the study. It gives a brief introduction on the context of teaching and learning ESP vocabulary at HCC, the data collection methods and procedures.
Also in this chapter, the data will be analyzed and the findings will reveal the difficulties in teaching ESP vocabulary to second-year students at HCC as well as some suggestions to improve the teaching and learning of ESP vocabulary will be given. Part C: Conclusions This part summarizes the findings, refers to some limitations of the study, and offers suggestions for further studies. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 15 PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. ELT vocabulary teaching 1.
What is vocabulary? The Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics defines vocabulary as “a set of lexemes, including single words, compound words and idioms”. Pyles and Algeo (1970: 96) said, “when most of us think about language, we think first about words. It is true that the vocabulary is the focus of language. It is in words that sounds and meanings inter – lock to allow us to communicate with one another, and it is words that we arrange together to make sentences, conversations and discourse of all kinds.” It is, however, not easy to define exactly what a word is.
So far, many linguists have given out their different definitions of word.