ENG157* - : tailieuhoctap@hutech.vn CONTENTS I CONTENTS CONTENTS. IV PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES. 1 PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES. 5 PART III: TRANSLATION PRACTICE.
13 UNIT 1: FAMILY BACKGROUND .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION. 16 UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION. 37 UNIT 4: THE ECONOMY.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION. 67 UNIT 7: LEGAL RIGHTS .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION.
88 UNIT 9: THE MEDIA .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION .3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION. 119 PREFACE III PREFACE This book is intended to provide the students with translation practice in order to help them deal with their problems when they translate different documents from English into Vietnamese and vice versa. Students will get a chance to learn the vocabulary usage and structure focus first and will get familiar with what they have learned by translating sentences from English into Vietnamese and vice versa. This book is a must in the class with an instructor or can be used for self-study.
IV MÔ MÔN Hành Biên - Translation Practice là môn cung cho Sinh Viên khái và cách biên Môn cung Sinh Viên: - ngôn Anh bao âm, pháp, Anh chuyên ngành Biên Phiên - trong biên - ngôn Anh: nghe, nói, trong môi công - theo câu tình giao - phân tích dung trong quá trình và - và trong quá trình DUNG MÔN Tài Hành Biên - Translation Practice 10 bài bài trình bày theo cách cung ng và trúc giúp Sinh viên p pháp và và phân khác nhau trúc và Anh. giúp Sinh viên tìm pháp trong là tác ng Anh và n Tài Hành Biên - Translation Practice cung và thông tin kinh giáo và liên quan và xã YÊU MÔN Sinh viên các lên và bài nhà. V PHÁP GIÁ MÔN Môn giá sau: - quá trình: 50%. Hình và dung do Viên phù quy và tình hình - thi khoá: 50%.
Hình thi: là 90 phút; hai Anh sang và sang Anh. PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES 1 PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES 1. Basic Sentence Patterns 1.1 Subject + Verb My back aches. The kettle is boiling.2 Subject + Verb + Complement That girl is a teacher.
This boy is intelligent. The Verb in this pattern is always be or a Verb related to be such as appear, become, look, seem, sound and taste, etc. The complement may be: - an adjective: He is smart. - a noun: My oldest brother is a worker.
- an adjective + noun: His father is a nice singer. - an adverb of place or time: The seminar is there / at 4. - a prepositional phrase: like my mother.3 Subject + Verb + Direct Object My brother likes that film. That company sells agricultural products.
The direct object may take a variety of forms, such as: - a noun: We bought the book in that bookstore. - a pronoun: I met her in the school-yard. - a reflexive pronoun: They enjoyed themselves dancing in that bar. 2 PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES - an infinitive: The students want to relax now.
- an -ing form: My dad loves reading novels. Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object The teacher gave the students good marks. He sent me a nice present. The indirect object always follows the verb and usually refers to a person.
The direct object can come after the verb if we wish to emphasize it. In this case, the indirect object is replaced by a prepositional phrase beginning with to or for. My mom bought a nice skirt for me on my last birthday. Please give this small gift to your sister.
If the direct object is a pronoun (it or them), it normally comes immediately after the verb. Give it to me. However, if both direct object and indirect object are pronouns, some verbs, such as, bring, buy, fetch, give, hand, pass, send, show and teach can be used as follows, particularly in everyday speech: Give me it. (more common) Give it me.5 Subject + Verb + Object + Complement I find it difficult to study translation.
They appointed him chairman. (He was appointed chairman.) PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES 3 2.1 Simple sentences Simple sentences usually contain one subject and one verb. Kids love watching television. Sometimes simple sentences can contain more than one subject or verb.
We traveled throughout the USA and ended our trip in August. Brazil and the USA are large countries.2 Compound sentences Compound sentences are usually made up of two simple sentences (or indepentdent clauses). Compound sentences usually use a coordinating conjunction (connector) to combine the two sentences. The coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS, for short to remember) are: - for Mary studied hard for she wanted to pass the test.
- and Mary studied hard, and her classmates did, too. - nor Mary study hard, nor did she pass the test. - but Mary studied hard, but her sister study at all. - or Mary studied hard, or she would have failed the test.
- yet Mary studied hard, yet she was not happy with her grade. - so Mary studied hard, so the test was easy for her.3 Complex sentences Complex sentences are made up of two parts. Complex sentences contain one independent clause and, at least, one dependent clause. In most complex sentences, the dependent clause is an adverb clause which begins with subordinating conjunctions, including: 4 PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES while, although, after, because, if, and before.
After the President gave his speech, he answered most of the questions. Remember that unlike coordinating conjunctions, which join two independent clauses but are not part of either clause, subordinating conjunctions are actually part of the dependent clauses. Peter played football after Mary watched TV.4 Compound - complex sentences There are at least two main clauses and one subordinate clause in this kind. There were shouts in the street and before I knew what was happening, the firework had ended.
PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 5 PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 1. Forms Table 1: English tenses: forms Perfect Simple Continuous Perfect Continuous S./V-s/-es am/is/are + V-ing have/has + p.p have/has been + V-ing + I study English. + I have done it. + I have been/She has She studies it.
She is working. She has done it. been living here for -I study English. She study it.
She done it. -I been/She ? Do you study English? ? Are you working? ? Have you done it? been living here Does she study it? Is she working? Has she done it? for 12 years. ? Have you been/Has she been living here for 12 years? S. (past form) was/were + V-ing had + p.p had been + V-ing + I came here at 2.
+ She was eating. + They had eaten it. + She had been waiting She played tennis. We were doing it.
- They eaten for you for hours. -I come here at 2. - She been She play tennis. We doing it.
? Had they eaten it? waiting for you for hours. ? Did you come here at 2? ? Was she eating? ? Had she been waiting Did she play tennis? Were you doing it? for you for hours? will + V. will be + V-ing will +have + p.p will have been + V-ing + She will buy it. + be having dinner at + He will have + I will have been - She buy it.
this time tomorrow. finished it by the end working here for 15 - I be having dinner of this month. years by next week. ? Will she buy it? at this time tomorrow.
- He have - I have been ? Will you be having finished it by the end working here for 15 dinner at this time of this month. years by next week. tomorrow? ? Will he have ? Will you have been finished it by the end working here for 15 of this month? years by next week? 8 PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 3. There are also two more tenses in English.
Form Usages The future am/is/are going to + V. - predictions (immediate future (the feeling of certainty)) - intentions, plans (in informal style) - remote future activities (less common and generally requires a time reference) - what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future - in place of the present continuous - intention after if - We use was / were going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but do) The future-in-the past - was going to - events which were planned to take place - was about to and which did take place - was to - an outcome that could not be foreseen - was to have + p. - events which were interrupted - was on the point of ( ) - was due to - events which were hindered or prevented but) - would - in narrative to describe that were destined to 4. Some notes on the usage of tenses 4.1 Use the present tenses (simple present or present perfect) if the clause (adverbial clauses of time) begins with as soon as, till, until, before, after, at the moment (with sign), the next time, when and if (1st conditional sentence).
I promise I will call you as soon as I have any news. will have any happens in the future) 4.2 Use the present continuous tense with today, these days, this week/month/semester. (around the time of speaking) Today is Sunday. My children are relaxing in the garden.3 Use the past continuous if we have definite time of past actions.
Otherwise, use the past simple. What were you doing at 8 am yesterday? What did you do yesterday? PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 9 4.4 Use the past continuous for the longer action and simple past for the shorter one. (The shorter action interrupted the longer one.) Tom was reading with the when I called him. I was watching TV when the light went out.5 Use the past continuous for two actions which were happening at the same time in the past.
My mother was cooking dinner while I was reading my favorite novel.6 Use while with the past continuous and when with the past simple. He visited me while he was working in the USA. I was watching a new CD when the phone rang. 10 PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 4.7 Use the simple past for past series of actions.
She got out of the car, walked round to the back and opened the boot.8 Use the past perfect for actions which happened before another past action. They had finished their homework before their mother arrived home.9 Use will for a decision which is made at the time of speaking. Mary: Those bags look heavy. Peter: I will carry one of them for you.
(NOT: I am going to (Peter wants to help Mary when Mary not what he intended before.10 Use the (present / past perfect) continuous tense when we want to focus on the length of time. David was playing tennis. When his father arrived, he had been playing for 2 hours. My daughter has been looking for you since yesterday.
present perfect tense: How much / many present perfect continuous: How long PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 11 4.11 Present continuous (with a future reference) and the going to future having breakfast with my boss tomorrow. = going to have breakfast with my boss tomorrow.12 We use verbs like intend to, plan to, propose to, rather than going to if we want to be precise about intentions and plans.