Proofreading Marks Proofreading Mark Draft Copy Final copy Align vertically Diane Garner Diane Garner Vice President Vice President Capitalize new year’s eve New Year’s Eve Change capital to lowercase Holiday holiday Center memo memo Close space stock holder stockholder Change word(s) they was not sure they were not sure Change to boldface The deadline is June 15. The deadline is June 15. Change to italics I read Wuthering Heights. I read Wuthering Heights Delete/delete & close space beginn to change, and begin to change and Insert comma Sarasota FL Sarasota, FL Insert semicolon exchange, consequently, exchange; consequently Insert colon the following two pairs of shoes the following: two pairs of shoes insert period close of business close of business.
Insert hyphen timeout or close out time-out or close-out Insert apostrophe womens clothing women’s clothing Insert quotation mark priced as marked “priced as marked” Insert parenthesis the chart see page 4 shows the chart (see page 4) shows Insert space fountainpen fountain pen Move left I. Negotiations Move right 24,000 24,000 15,250 15,250 Retain deleted characters/words If you, Harry, and I go If you and I go Single space This plan is under This plan is under consideration now consideration now Double space This plan is under This plan is under consideration now consideration now or Spell out 5 days in NYC five days in New York City Start a new line (1) Duplicate the report (2) Send it (1) Duplicate the report Express Mail (2) Send it Express Mail Start a new paragraph Days. We are ready Days. We are ready.
Transpose words or characters Mr. Pickering the materials relevant the relevant materials Move as shown soon after we will be leaving we will be leaving soon after Run in; no new line Four years. We’ll be We’ll be 11th Edition English forCareers Business, Professional, and Technical This page intentionally left blank 11th Edition English forCareers Business, Professional, and Technical Leila R. Smith Roberta Moore Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Stephanie Wall Cover and Interior Designer: Candace Rowley Acquisitions Editor: Sarah McCabe Cover Art: Shutterstock Editorial Project Manager: Karin Williams Lead Media Project Manager: Karen Bretz Editorial Assistant: Kaylee Rotella Full-Service Project Management: Barbara Hawk Marketing Manager: Erin Gardner Composition: Element Inhouse Production Liasion: Alicia Ritchey Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Senior Operations Specialist: Pat Tonneman Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Art Director: Diane Ernsberger Text Font: Melior LT Std, ITC Stone Sans Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text.
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Smith, Roberta Moore. pages cm Includes index. Previously published: 2010, 10th ed., annotated instructor’s ed. English language—Business English—Problems, exercises, etc.
English language—Technical English—Problems, exercises, etc. Moore, Roberta, 1947- II.2'02465—dc23 2012041152 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-261930-X ISBN 13: 978-0-13-261930-1 contents Introduction to the Student xiii About the Authors xvii Acknowledgments xix UNIT 1: Mastering the Art of Good Writing 1 References and Resources 2 Career Connection—The Top 10 Skills Employers Want 3 Essential Resources for Writers 4 Dictionaries 5 Thesauruses 9 Reference Manuals 10 Read, Read, Read 10 Communications Connection—Editing and Proofreading Your Writing 11 Writing Practice 13 Proofreading Practice 13 Chapter Review 14 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 19 Word Power 349 Supplementary Practice Exercises 390 2 The Parts of Speech 20 Career Connection—What Makes Writing So Important? 21 The Parts of Speech 22 Communications Connection—The Writing Process: Planning 29 Planning and Organizing 30 Writing Practice 30 Proofreading Practice 32 v vi Contents Chapter Review 33 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 37 Word Power 352 Supplementary Practice Exercises 393 3 Sentence Fundamentals 38 Career Connection—The Importance of Good Writing 39 Sentence Basics 40 Clauses in Sentences 42 Phrases in Sentences 43 Types of Sentences 44 Ending Sentence Punctuation 45 Avoiding Common Sentence Errors 46 Communications Connection—The Writing Process: Drafting 49 Writing Practice 49 Proofreading Practice 50 Chapter Review 51 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 54 Word Power 354 Supplementary Practice Exercises 396 Unit 1 Recap—Chapters 1–3 55 Writing for Your Career 59 UNIT 2: Knowing Your Subject 4 Nouns: Forming Plurals 68 Career Connection—What Do Employers Look for in a Resume? 69 Basic Rules of Noun Plurals 70 Irregular Nouns 71 Proper Nouns 72 “Adopted” Nouns 72 Compound Nouns 73 Communications Connection—Team Writing That Works 74 Contents vii Writing Practice 75 Proofreading Practice 75 Chapter Review 77 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 81 Word Power 357 Supplementary Practice Exercises 400 5 Nouns: Forming Possessives 82 Career Connection—Tailored Resumes Are In 83 Forming Possessive Nouns 84 Possessives and Prepositional Phrases 87 Communications Connection—Workplace Vocabulary Power 88 Writing and Speaking Practice 90 Proofreading Practice 91 Chapter Review 91 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 95 Word Power 359 Supplementary Practice Exercises 403 6 Pronouns: Types and Their Uses 96 Career Connection—Play up Your Educational Credentials 97 Pronoun Usage 99 Personal Pronouns 99 Indefinite Pronouns 107 Other Types of Pronouns 109 Communications Connection—Workplace Vocabulary Power 113 Writing Practice 115 Proofreading Practice 115 Chapter Review 116 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 121 Word Power 362 Supplementary Practice Exercises 404 viii Contents 7 Pronouns: Agreement and Writing Principles 122 Career Connection—The Online Application 123 Clear Pronoun References 124 Number Agreement 125 Gender Agreement 126 Agreement with Collective Nouns 127 Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns 129 Communications Connection—Avoiding Gender Bias 130 Writing Practice 131 Proofreading Practice 132 Chapter Review 133 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 138 Word Power 364 Supplementary Practice Exercises 407 Unit 2 Recap—Chapters 4–7 139 Writing for Your Career 142 UNIT 3: Mastering Verbs and Modifiers 8 Verbs: Types, Tenses, and Forms 148 Career Connection—Keywords and Action Verbs 149 Verb Tenses 150 Forming Tenses of Irregular Verbs 154 The Perfect and Progressive Tenses 156 Verb Mood 157 Verbals 158 Communications Connection—Letter Styles and Formats 160 Writing Practice 163 Proofreading Practice 163 Chapter Review 164 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 169 Word Power 367 Supplementary Practice Exercises 408 Contents ix 9 Subject-Verb Agreement 170 Career Connection—The Inside Scoop on Potential Employers 171 A Review of Sentence Basics 172 Subject-Verb Agreement 174 Agreement with Collective Nouns 179 Communications Connection—Additional Letter Parts 180 Writing Practice 181 Proofreading Practice 182 Chapter Review 183 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 187 Word Power 369 Supplementary Practice Exercises 410 10 Adjectives and Adverbs 188 Career Connection—Features of a Quality Cover Letter 189 Basics About the Modifiers 190 Three Degrees of Comparison 195 An Adjective or an Adverb? 197 Communications Connection—Optional Business Letter Parts 202 Writing Practice 203 Proofreading Practice 204 Chapter Review 205 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 212 Word Power 371 Supplementary Practice Exercises 441 Unit 3 Recap—Chapters 8–10 213 Writing for Your Career 216 UNIT 4: Perfecting Sentence Punctuation 11 Punctuation: The Comma 222 Career Connection—Growing Industries and Occupations 223 Comma Basics 225 x Contents Joining Independent Clauses 227 Exceptions and Other Comma Rules 228 Commas and Introductory Words 229 Setting off Words, Phrases, and Clauses 230 Four Easy Commas 232 Communications Connection—Business Email: The Template 235 Writing Practice 237 Proofreading Practice 237 Chapter Review 238 Self-Study and Practice Tutorials 243 Word Power 373 Supplementary Practice Exercises 414 12 Punctuation: The Semicolon, Colon, and Other Marks 244 Career Connection—Networking Your Way to Success 245 The Semicolon 246 The Colon 248 Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets 250 Communications Connection—Business EMail: Composing 254 Writing Practice 256 Proofreading Practice 256 Chapter Review 257 Self-Study Practice and Tutorials 261 Word Power 376 Supplementary Practice Exercises 419 13 Punctuation: The Fine Points 263 Career Connection—Get in the Door with an Internship 263 Quotation Marks with Quotes 264 Quotation Marks and Italics for Special Usage 266 The Hyphen 268 The Apostrophe—Possessive Nouns 272 The Apostrophe—Contractions and Other Uses 273 Contents xi Communications Connection—Sending and Replying to Email 276 Writing Practice 277 Proofreading Practice 278 Chapter Review 279 Self-Study Practice and Tutorials 282 Word Power 379 Supplementary Practice Exercises 421 Unit 4 Recap—Chapters 11–13 283 Writing for Your Career 284 UNIT 5: Writing for Career Success 14 Polished Writing Style 290 Career Connection—Getting the Interview: Prescreening Comes First 291 Polished Writing Style 293 Sentence Types and Construction 294 Make Clear Connections 296 Well-Placed and Parallel Parts 299 Get to the Point 302 Dangling Phrases 303 Communications Connection—Planning a Successful Presentation 306 Writing and Speaking Practice 307 Proofreading Practice 308 Chapter Review 309 Self-Study Practice and Tutorials 317 Word Power 382 Supplementary Practice Exercises 423 15 Capitalization, Abbreviations, and Numbers 318 Career Connection—The Interview: Preparation and Follow-up 319 Capitalization 320 Abbreviations 325 Numbers 328 xii Contents Communications Connection—Developing Presentation Slides 332 Writing and Speaking Practice 333 Proofreading Practice 334 Chapter Review 335 Self-Study Practice and Tutorials 338 Word Power 383 Supplementary Practice Exercises 427 Unit 5 Recap—Chapters 14–15 339 Writing and Speaking for Your Career 342 Appendixes A. Writing, Editing, and Proofreading Guidelines 344 B. Word Power: Vocabulary and Spelling 347 C.
Supplementary Practice Exercises 388 D. Answers: Chapter Self-Check Exercises 431 E. Answers: Word Power: Vocabulary and Spelling 472 F. Answers: Supplemental Practice Exercises 477 Glossary 497 Index 504 introduction to the student WELCOME TO ENGLISH FOR CAREERS! You are about to embark on a journey that will end with you feeling more confident in your skills as a writer and communicator.
In today’s job mar- ket, communication skills are essential to success. Employers want to hire and promote people who not only speak and write well but also have the ability to navigate the complex landscape of today’s print and elec- tronic forms of communication. This course will help you develop the key skills that will make you a good communicator and a valued mem- ber of the workforce: reading and comprehending, building a substantial vocabulary, and speaking and writing the language that is necessary for success in the workplace—grammatically correct Standard English. Eng- lish for Careers will also help you develop the habit of self-directed learn- ing through use of the print and technology-based supplements that align course work with your individual needs.
THE LANGUAGE OF CAREERS The language we use, both spoken and written, significantly affects our ability to earn a good living, advance in a career, and even enjoy good social contacts. What kind of language does a business, professional, or technical career require? The answer is Standard English—the language of careers. This is the common language used for writing and speaking across all fields of endeavor. The extent to which your use of English is “standard” versus “nonstandard” depends on your cultural and social en- vironment and the English principles you’ve learned and put into practice.
In our culture, it is common to use several language styles to commu- nicate with different people in various situations. Imagine having fun with a group of adults at a party; now picture yourself teaching a young child how to cross the street safely. Think about how your communication style would differ.