THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DANG XUAN HAO TOPIC TITTLE: ASSESSMENT OF THE ARISE SITUATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN HANOI BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2011-2015 Thai Nguyen, Sept. 2015 ABSTRACT Student name DANG XUAN HAO Student ID DTN1153110019 Thesis Title Assessment of the arise situation and characteristics of sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in Hanoi Supervisor (s) Prof. Nguyen The Dang Abstract: The sewage sludge is an object of most attention today. The biological sewage sludge has the potential to re-use for various purposes because principal components of sewage sludge is the excess microbial of bioremediation processes with high content of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus.
The volume of sewage sludge of Hanoi city is increasing in both quantity and type. The rivers and canals, in addition to the role of drainage also receive a portion of municipal and industrial wastewater. One member limited liability company of Hanoi Drainage undertake of solid waste gathering, management and treatment of urban sewage sludge volumes of Hanoi but just stop at the level of sludge collected during dredging drainage ditches system, rivers and lakes. Has conducted fact-finding treatment technology, sludge sources generated, sampling location at 3 treatment plants are Kim Lien, Truc Bach and North Thang Long.
Concurrently, find out the management of sewage sludge in the city of Hanoi to assess the situation arising sludge from wastewater treatment plants of Hanoi and assess the characteristics of sludge components from the wastewater treatment plant of Hanoi. The conclusions are i sludge from sewage treatment plants have high humidity, weak alkaline pH and nutrient contents are high; content of the heavy metal in sludge from 3 water treatment plants are less than the threshold of the EEC (1986) and the threshold for hazardous waste according to QCVN 07: 2009. Key words: Waste treatment, sewage sludge, heavy metal content, management of sewage sludge. Number of pages: 51 Date of submission: 30/09/2015 Signature of supervisor: ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT First, I would like to express profound gratitude to Prof.
Nguyen The Dang, who has driven research, guidance, help me during the implementation and completion of this thesis. I sincerely thank to dean board, teachers of Environment Faculty and International Training and Development Center of Thainguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry has been communicated, to equip for me many knowledge and valuable experience as well as create the most favorable environment to learning during four school years. I would also like to thank to the staff and workers of three water treatment plants Kim Lien, Truc Bach and North Thang Long of Hanoi has help and provide for me important documents and create favorable conditions for the me in the process of gathering documents and fieldwork. Finally, I would like to express deep gratitude to my family and friends, having always encourage and help me about materially and mentally during the study to I can finish this thesis.
Due to time and capacity is limited so my thesis is inevitable shortcomings. I would like to receive the instructions, comments of teachers and friends to my thesis is more complete. Student Dang Xuan Hao iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES. 1 LIST OF FIGURES.
2 TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.The general issues of sewage sludge. Concept and classification of waste sludge. Origin, nature and characteristics of sludge.
Regulations and standards on sludge. The impact of the sludge on the environment and human health. The sludge treatment method. Handling by incineration.
Handling by landfilling method. Handling by composting biological method. Handling by recycling method. Management situation of urban sludge in the world and in vietnam.
Sludge management in the world. Sludge management in Vietnam. An overview of the wastewater treatment technology and generated sludge at three treatment plants. Waste water input.
Waste water treatment technology general at three wastewater treatment stations:. Residue sludge product (sewage sludge). OBJECT, CONTENT AND METHODS. The status of municipal sludge generated from the water treatment plant.
Characteristics of sludge from the wastewater treatment plant. Collection method, synthetic material. Survey method, fieldwork. Methods of data processing.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The status of urban sludge generated from the water treatment plant. Physical and chemical characterization of sludge from wastewater treatment plant. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
50 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Nutrient contents in sewage sludge. Regulations of US - EPA for some heavy metals in the sludge according to intended use. The content of organic compounds for sludge applied to agriculture of some countries.
Heavy metal content to apply sewage sludge in agriculture in some countries. Limit values of some microorganisms in sludge as standard in some countries in the world. Basis absolute content (H) and hazard threshold calculated according leaching concentration (Ctc) of the parameters in the sludge .7 Method of sludge management in some countries. The sampling locations and sample symbols.
The targets and methods of analysis. Parameters of the wastewater treatment plants .2: Physical and chemical characterization of sludge at 3 wastewater treatment plants .3: Heavy metal (HM) content in the sludge of 3 plants. Some regulations on permissible limits of heavy metal in soil. 43 1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.
Some of nutritional components in sludge. Cu content in sewage sludge. Pb content in sewage sludge. Pb content in sewage sludge.
Cr content in sewage sludge. 47 2 TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS BTNMT : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment BXD : Ministry of Construction OM : Organic matter NXB : Publishing house TCVN : Vietnam standard TCXD : Construction Standard TNHH : Limited liability QCVN : Regulation of Vietnam URENCO : Hanoi Urban Environment Company US-EPA : United States Environmental Protection Agency 3 PART I. INTRODUCTION Today, the economy - society of Vietnam is on track to grow strongly, accompanied the process of industrialization and modernization, urban is gradually expansion lead to pollution, especially the emergence of various types waste. In particular, the sewage sludge is also an object of most attention today, become a burden for businesses, not only in Vietnam, but even in other countries with economy, science and technology developed in the world.
The collection, transportation, treatment, recycling and reuse of waste particularly sewage sludge from drainage systems and sanitation facilities in urban centers, is becoming a difficult problem for the managers most in countries of the world, particularly in countries with developing economies, including Vietnam. According to US-EPA, sewage sludge disposal costs accounted for 50% of operating costs of the treatment system. The disposal and burial of sewage sludge has been causing serious environmental pollution. Production of sewage sludge in the United Kingdom now is up to about 1.2 million tons dry solids and in the EU generally has about 6.5 million tons of dry solids are produced annually.
According to recent studies, the biological sewage sludge has the potential to re-use for various purposes because principal components of sewage sludge is the excess microbial of bioremediation processes with high content of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus. In Vietnam, solve the environmental pollution due solid waste, hazardous waste, especially sewage sludge is a major challenge to society, with the relevant authorities and the State. Also sludge of canals, drains, sewage sludge generated from factories, industrial zones, industrial facilities, etc contains many pollutants and is discharged into the environment. 4 Currently, each day the river, lake drainage system of Hanoi should receive about 1 million m3 of waste water from industrial and handicraft villages, industrial parks, hospitals, and virtually untreated thoroughly.
Report of the Limited Company Drainage Hanoi, the amount of urban sewage sludge collected around cities were 167,200 tonnes, including 2,140 tonnes arising from the sewage treatment plant in 2012. Precisely because the above reasons, the realization of the thesis: " Assessment of the arise situation and characteristics of sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in Hanoi" is necessary and meaningful practices to find effective solutions of domestic waste sludge treatment.The general issues of sewage sludge 1. Concept and classification of waste sludge Concept: The sludge is mixture with water and solid components, uniformity in the entire volume, particle size is usually smaller than 2 mm and water content (moisture) is greater than 70%. Sewage sludge is the components removed from the wastewater treatment plant, consists of waste, sand, foam, solids and biosolids, the components are recovered from the manholes of the sewer system, waste by dredging canals, ditches, ponds urban.
Six types of sewage sludge often arises in the wastewater treatment process are sewage sludge in the the drainage system of urban domestic waste, sewage sludge from the drainage system of industrial waste, sewage sludge from the activities of dredging canals periodically, sewage sludge from septic tanks (mud tunnels), sewage sludge from the station/water treatment plants and sewage sludge from the construction work. US-EPA (Environmental Protection Agency of USA) defines sludge as the final product is generated from the wastewater treatment process of civil and industrial waste water, from sewage treatment plants in the mixed semi-solid form. This term is also sometimes used as an umbrella term for separate solids suspended in water, mixed material often contain significant amounts of water between the gaps of the solid particles. The wastewater treatment process leading to the separation of contaminants and convert them into smaller phase volume (mud).
Thus, after processing and sewage treatment, clean water can be reused, sludge will 6 be disposed of. The disposal of sewage sludge and remove sludge is difficult because large amount, different components, high humidity and mud are difficult to filter. Sludge treatment costs accounting for approximately 25-50% of the total cost of waste management. The term "sludge" is already defined in the legal documents in Vietnam under the National Technical Standards on hazardous threshold for sludge from the water treatment (QCVN 50:2013/BTNMT).
Sludge from waste water drainage systems in urban centers are liquid residues, special or paste form is generated by the move and transform of wastewater in sewers, is a mixture of organic and inorganic matter include all types of mud collected from urban drainage pipe, was seen as a byproduct of the process should be handled. Sludge consists mainly of water, minerals and organic matter. Sludge can contain volatile substances, pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria, heavy metals, inorganic ions with toxic chemicals from industrial waste, household chemicals and pesticides. The amount of sludge increases with the level of population growth and production growth.
Quantity of sludge often very large and polluting the environment if not handled well (Lawrence et al. Classification: Sludge is classified based on the origins and components of them. - Classification by origin, including + Sludge from the domestic wastewater treatment station, treatment plant; + Sludge from the industrial wastewater treatment station, treatment plant; + Sludge from water drainage systems: mud drains, canals, rivers and lakes dredging sludge; 7 + Sludge from manholes, septic tanks; + Sludge from the construction site. - Classification by components: Component of sludge depends on the nature of initial water pollution and cleaning methods: physical, physical chemistry, biology handling.
Specific: + Hydrophilic organic sludge: It is the most common kind, the difficulty of drying the sludge is due to the presence of the majority of hydrophilic colloids. In this kind, all sludge biological treatment of waste water, volatile matter content which can reach 90% of the entire dry matter (wastewater from the food industry, organic chemistry). + Hydrophilic inorganic sludge: The sludge contains hydroxide metal formed by chemical methods of precipitating metal ions in water treatment (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr) or by the use of inorganic flocculation (iron salts, aluminum salts). + Sludge containing oil: In the sludge with a small amount of oil or mineral grease (or animal).