Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the MSc in Finance FINANCE DISSERTATION ON DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS DO THANH HUYEN ID No: 19046130 Intake 3 Supervisor: PhD. Tran Ngoc Mai September 2020 17014126203771000000 TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .1 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC .3 STEP PROGRESS AND OBJECTIVES.4 OBJECT AND SCALE OF RESEARCH .6 STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION. 5 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER I. 5 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Worldwide literature review .2 Nation-wide literature review .2 AN OVERVIEW OF BANKING PROFITABILITY .1 Definition of banking profitability .2 Importance of banking profitability .3 Factors defining the banking profitability.3 DETERMINANTS OF BANKING PROFITABILITY.
22 SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER II. 23 CHAPTER III: DATA AND RESEARCH METHODLOGY .1 RESEARCH MODEL BRIEF INTRODUCTION .2 VARIABLES DEFINITIONS AND MEASURING .2 Independent variables and hypothesis .3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF QUANTIVIVE VARIABLES .5 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION AND DATA PROCESSING. 43 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER III. 45 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS OF EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF BANKING PROFITABILITY IN VIETNAM COMMERCIAL BANKS .1 CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN VARIABLES .3 Regression result analysis .3 EVALUATE THE SUITABILITY OF THE REGRESSION MODEL .1 Evaluate the suitability of the regression model .2 Multi-collinearity testing.
61 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER IV. 62 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE PROFITABLITY IN VIETNAM COMMERCIAL BANKS .1 Solution groups increase the positive influence of factors outside the bank .2 The group of solutions increases the positive effects of internal factors of commercial banks .3 LIMITATIONS OF THE DISSERTATION .4 PROPOSE THE NEXT RESEARCH DIRECTION. 71 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER V. 72 CONCLUSION OF THE DISSERTATION.
76 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION The banking industry is an essential part of the economy, playing an important financial intermediary. The profitability of the banking industry has a significant effect on the growth of the economy. Currently, banks are facing a rapid change of business environment and increasing competition in domestic and international markets (Muhammad Bilal, Asif Saeed, Ammar Ali Gull, Toquer Akram, 2013). A stable and effective banking system will be able to deal with negative shocks and contribute positively to the stability of the national financial system.
Therefore, knowledge of profitability as well as knowledge of factors affecting bank profitability is useful not only for bank managers but also for many stakeholders such as the Bank. central banks, bank associations, governments and other financial institutions. Around the world, empirical studies have been conducted to understand the factors affecting bank profitability, in which profitability is measured through indicators such as the ratio of income to total income. In general, previous studies have shown that factors affecting the bank's profitability including factors inside the bank are expressed through financial indicators and factors outside the bank expressed through macroeconomic factors such as the annual real GDP growth rate, inflation, etc.
In Vietnam, empirical studies have analyzed on profitability and influencing factors often implemented in businesses. Meanwhile, the research on the profitability of the bank is very limited and still limited. Stemming from the above reasons, I decided to select the topic "Determinants of profitability in Vietnamese commercial banks" to research for master's thesis.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC The research results will provide valuable information to existing shareholders and potential investors, provide a better understanding of the factors that affect the profitability of the bank and are the basis let investors make investment decisions in bank stocks. The research results are also a source of information to provide administrators of joint-stock commercial banks, support managers to make decisions, risk prevention measures and appropriate development policies.
The rationale is based on the positive as well as the negative effects of factors affecting profitability. The research results are a scientific basis for the Government and the State Bank to consider the factors affecting the profitability of joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam, which can make macro policies. timely and rationally in order to build a sustainable development of banking system, healthy and effective operation, and development of the economy.2 MOTIVATION In the trend of integration and globalization, our country is transforming itself in the renovation process, the economy is transporting following market mechanism, with great regulation and management issue of the State. To survive and thrive, commercial banks must work effectively, so profitability is a top concern.
Because profitability is a general economic indicator to evaluate operational efficiency activities of banks. It is not just the source financial savings to expand production, but it is also important resources to fulfill the financial obligation to the government, increase national income and encourage workers to have strong attachment to their own work. Therefore, analyzing and measuring profitability to assess business performance, thereby finding out measures to improve profitability is a very important and necessary issue for commercial banks of Vietnam in the current period. The operation of the bank is an important economic activity, in recent years has contributed significantly to the development of the 2 national economy.
Most commercial banks are profitable. How to develop and operate more and more effectively in the period of regional and global economic integration is a matter of great concern for commercial banks. With the function of an effective economic management tool, profitability analysis will help managers to run commercial bank activities most effectively. The objective of this study is to assess and identify the factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam from which to make some recommendations to the regulators of commercial banks.
Besides, subject about determinants of banking profitability is a good topic and appeals many researchers. Nevertheless, number of researches in Vietnam stock market is not as many as other markets like the London Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange because it is still an emerging market in a developing nation. Shortly speaking, we conduct the quantitative research about determinants of banking profitability of Vietnam listed commercial banks on stock exchange, as well as contribute to the knowledge and experience for future reports.3 STEP PROGRESS AND OBJECTIVES This study target to determine the factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam. The data has been collected from financial statements of more than 20 Vietnam’s commercial banks in the years 2012-2019.
The research provides some recommendations that will help the management operations of commercial banks reached the highest efficiency. The first step of the study is to research the theoretical basis of profitability and affecting factors profitability of commercial banks. The second step of the study is to analyze the current situation of profitability at Vietnamese commercial banks. The following target of the dissertation is to analyze the current situation of profitability at Vietnamese commercial banks, examine the impact of each determinant on the banking profitability of commercial banks in Viet Nam.
Thereby, the study may put forward some recommendations that will help managers managing the activities of commercial banks achieve the highest efficiency. The 3 last step of the dissertation is to propose solutions to improve profitability in Vietnamese commercial banks. The results of this study will provide guideline to the investors in choosing the most potential Vietnam listed commercial banks in making profitability. While deciding to trust company information as well as macroeconomic situation of the country simultaneously, the companies can set their policies and strategies in terms of relatively important factors, for business survival and success.
The possible impact of macroeconomic factors may help the policy makers while building up monetary and financial policies. Hence, we could conclude what determinants of banking profitability on Vietnam stock market. In addition, this research would contribute to studies of change in share price and also a reference for investors before making their investment.4 OBJECT AND SCALE OF RESEARCH The object of the research is the factors affecting profitability at Vietnamese commercial banks. The research scope is 24 Vietnamese commercial banks in terms of asset size in the period of 2012-2019.
Analytical data is taken from audited financial statements at the end of the year of more than 20 Vietnamese listed commercial banks in the period of 2012-2019. The independent variables of external factors of banks are data related to macroeconomic factors collected from the World Bank website.5 RESEARCH APPROACHES We use qualitative and quantitative methods: - Qualitative method: by the table of data, we analyze the situation of profitability and influencing factors drawn from previous research documents. - Quantitative method: using the regression estimation method with table data to analyze internal and external factors affecting profitability at Vietnamese commercial banks. Specifically: 4 Descriptive statistical analysis, calculation of mean values, standard deviations, maximum and minimum values of each study variable, to describe the basic characteristics of data collected from empirical research to provide the most general information about the sample.
Correlation analysis to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Regression analysis to measure the degree of significant or insignificant impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable, thereby knowing the direction of the impact of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of the model were tested and compared to find the most suitable model in studying the factors affecting profitability at joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam.6 STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION The thesis consists of 5 chapters: - Chapter I: Introduction - Chapter II: Literature review - Chapter III: Data and research methodology - Chapter IV: Results from empirical analysis of banking profitability in Vietnamese listed commercial banks - Chapter V: Conclusion and solutions to improve profitability at Vietnamese commercial banks. CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER I Profitability reflects the performance of the bank, is the condition for the bank to compete and develop sustainably.
The improvement of profitability should be closely linked with safety in banking operations. 5 The empirical studies are conducted to test the factors affecting profitability of commercial banks in each country. In general, factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks are divided into two groups: external factors (economic growth, inflation) and internal factors (capital owner, bank size, customer deposits, credit balance, cost of provision for credit losses, operating expenses, and form of ownership). Research on the hypothetical agenda helps us to evaluate more profoundly the affiliation of elements to the profitability of commercial banks.
The consequences on the conformation of the influence factors and the nature of the connection are diversified depending on the data of each country, in each detailed study period. Thus, in order to have precise examination and make proper commendations, we first grasp the basic concepts related to the bank's profitability, the general concept related to its determinants (both internal and external). This content will be conducted by the author in the next chapter. 6 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Worldwide literature review Most empirical studies around the world use linear regression models to study the factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks, namely: Muhammad Bilal, Asif Saeed, Ammar Ali Gull and Toquer Akram (2013) studied the influence of internal factors and macro factors on the profitability of 25 commercial banks in Pakistan between 2007 and 2011.
The authors used the dependent variable to study the ratio of income to total assets (ROA) and the ratio of income to equity (ROE). The independent variables that represent the intrinsic characteristics of the bank used include bank size, equity, bad debt, customer deposits, and net interest income ratio. The independent variables that represent macroeconomic factors are inflation, industrial production growth rate and real gross domestic product growth rate. Research results show that bank size is positively correlated with bank profitability.
Bad debt is not significantly correlated with ROA, but has a negative inverse correlation with ROE. Customer deposits are positively but not significantly correlated with both ROA and ROE. Equity has a significant relationship with ROE but a negligible relationship with ROA. The ratio of net interest income is significantly positively correlated with the profitability of the bank.
In addition, macroeconomic factors such as the growth rate of gross domestic product actually have a positive correlation with the bank's profitability.