THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY HANNA JOY TILPO ORDANZA GIS-BASED FLOOD RISK MAPPING: A CASE STUDY OF FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS IN TRAM TAU DISTRICT, YEN BAI PROVINCE, VIETNAM BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advance Education Program Office Batch: K49 - AEP Thai Nguyen, 05/11/2021 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Hanna Joy Tilpo Ordanza Student ID DTN1754190025 GIS-Based Flood Risk Mapping: A Case Study of Flood Thesis Title Risk Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process in Tram Tau District, Yen Bai Province, Vietnam Supervisor (s) Dr. Nguyen Van Hieu Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: Flooding is one of the most common hazards that occurs either naturally or induced by human. The optimal way to gain solid understanding about the occurrence of flood risk is through mapping spatial assessment. Hence, this study aims to locate the areas prone of flooding using GIS and to give relative importance in different triggering factors through multi-criteria analysis.
The area of study is Tram Tau which is a micro-community in Yen Bai province. There are no studies in Tram Tau regarding flood risk mapping. The triggering factors included in this assessment are: distance to river, distance to road, drainage density, elevation, land cover, population density, rainfall, road density, slope, and TWI. These indicators were ranked based on their importance and given their corresponding criteria weights using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
There are three scenarios each for hazard index and vulnerability index. These scenarios were then combined to present nine different combinations under unique conditions. The results were the flood risk maps and alternatively validated by performing comparison analysis wherein two sets of scenarios were compared to prime combination which is considered as the most reliable case of flood risk assessment. Ultimately, this assessment predicted that the communes namely Phinh Ho, Tram Tau, and Hat Luu are the areas with the highest possibility of being damaged by flooding in the whole district.
Given the limited local knowledge about GIS and RS, this study is carried out to introduce flood risk assessment using GIS to future environmental scientists and managers. GIS, RS, AHP, MCDA, Flood risk assessment, flood risk Keywords: mapping Page number 90 Date of Submission 05/11/2021 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Praise and Glory belong to HIM, my Jesus and Savior. He allowed me to walk in His will and display His goodness in my life. He is my greatest privilege in this life.
I would like to thank all the people who stayed by my side all throughout this journey. Three years have passed and they are still here with me cheering me up and giving me motivation as I continue thriving for my future. My bachelor thesis is what I consider as the hardest part in my college life, but I am always reminded that the beginnings are always hard. So this appreciation section is for the people who helped me a lot.
First, to my Mami and Dadi, for giving their full support to me financially, spiritually, and emotionally. For all the prayers and pieces of advice they have imparted to me. They never dictated my plans and they let me decide on my own while praying for me. I can’t wait to spoil them with everything they want.
Second, to my siblings who had my parents’ back. I know there are times that my parents could only provide enough but my brothers were there to shoulder the rest. Third, to GIRC director, Prof. Nguyen Van Hieu, for letting me work in this field with all of his support by sending Mr.
Mui Minh Tung. He taught me a lot of things in GIS. Quang Binh Bui because he is the first person who believed in my skills in GIS. He is one of the foundations of my confidence.
I also want to thank Ate Mary Joy Ongkiatco for not getting tired of answering my questions about thesis and GIS and for her sweet words of encouragement. And to my former housemates for all the good times and bad times we have shared together. Especially, to my roomie/bessy, Roxy, for always believing in me and for being there every single time from eating and doing what we want up to the point that we stay up late until 5 a. to finish this thesis.
Luv u all!! ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .iii LIST OF FIGURES. v LIST OF TABLES .viii LIST OF EQUATIONS. xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .2 Research Questions and Hypotheses .1 Collecting and processing data using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing .2 Influence of mapping and modeling in disaster management .3 Effects of varying order of importance of map layers using AHP in creating final flood risk map.1 General objective of this study .2 Specific objective of this study .4 Significance of the Study.5 Scope and Limitations .6 Definition of Terms .2 Flood Risk Assessment and its Frameworks .3 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Flood Risk Assessment .4 GIS-based Approach in Flood Risk Assessment.
Data Source and Description. Spatial Data Pre-processing and Maps Delineation. Multi-criteria Decision Analysis. 57 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS .1 Flood Hazard Maps .2 Flood Vulnerability Maps.3 Flood Risk Maps .4 Flood Risk Maps Comparison.
82 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. 85 APPENDICES iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. (a) Map of Vietnam; (b) Map of Yen Bai Province; (c) Elevation Map of Tram Tau District. Methodological Framework Chart of Flood Risk Assessment in Tram Tau District.
(a) default slope map, (b) reclassified slope map. (a) default elevation map, (b) reclassified slope map. (a) default rainfall map, (b) reclassified rainfall map. Drainage Density Map.
(a) default drainage density map, (b) reclassified drainage density map. Distance to River Map. (a) reclassified distance to river, (b) close-up look of the map. Land Cover Statistics.
Land Cover Map. (a) LandSat image of Tram Tau district, (b) classified LandSat image. (a) default TWI map, (b) reclassified TWI map. Population Density Map.
(a) default population density, (b) reclassified population density. Road Density Map. (a) default road density, (b) reclassified road density. Distance to Road Map.
(a) reclassified distance to road, (b) close-up look of the map. Flood Hazard Index, Scenarios 1-3.(a) Dd: Drainage density, (b) Dr: Distance to river, (c) E: Elevation, (d) Lc: Land cover, (e) R: Rainfall, (f) Sl: Slope, (g) TWI: Topographic Wetness Index. Flood Vulnerability Index Scenarios 1-3. (a) Dro: Distance to road, (b) Pd: Population density, (c) Rd: Road density.
Combination of Hazard and Vulnerability. Combinations of Hazard S1 and Vulnerability S1-3 Statistics. Combinations of Hazard S2 and Vulnerability S1-3 Statistics. Combinations of Hazard S3 and Vulnerability S1-3 Statistics.
(1H-V1) Combination of Hazard S1 and Vulnerability S1. (1H-V2) Combination of Hazard S1 and Vulnerability S2. (1H-V3) Combination of Hazard S1 and Vulnerability S3. (2H-V1) Combination of Hazard S2 and Vulnerability S1.
(2H-V2) Combination of Hazard S2 and Vulnerability S2. (2H-V3) Combination of Hazard S2 and Vulnerability S3. (3H-V1) Combination of Hazard S3 and Vulnerability S1. (3H-V2) Combination of Hazard S3 and Vulnerability S2.
(3H-V3) Combination of Hazard S3 and Vulnerability S3. Flood Risk Maps in all combinations. (a) FR change in Vulnerability S1, (b) FR change in Vulnerability S2, (c) FR change in Vulnerability S3. 81 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Chosen FRA-related publications. Slope map classification. Elevation map reclassification. Rainfall map classification.
Drainage density map classification. Distance to river map classification. Land Cover Classification and Statistics. TWI map classification.
Population density map classification. Road density map classification. Distance to road map classification. Saaty’s scale for pairwise comparison (Saaty, 1980).
Saaty’s Random Index (Saaty, 1980). HI Standardized criteria weight of each indicator in three different scenarios of FHI. (Note: This is arranged in alphabetical order. HI Weighted Sum Vector and Consistency Vector.
VI Standardized criteria weight of each indicator of FVI. (Note: This is arranged in alphabetical order. VI Weighted Sum Vector and Consistency Vector. Total percentage of area covered by each class of Flood Hazard Map (S1).
Total percentage of area covered by each class of Flood Hazard Map (S2). Total percentage of area covered by each class of Flood Hazard Map (S3). Total percentage of area covered by each class of Flood Vulnerability Map (S1). Total percentage of area covered by each class of Flood Vulnerability Map (S2).
Total percentage of area covered by each class of Flood Vulnerability Map (S3). Combinations of Hazard S1 and Vulnerability S1-3. Total percentage of area covered by each class of C1 Maps. Combinations of Hazard S2 and Vulnerability S1-3.
Total percentage of area covered by each class of Combination 2 Maps. Combinations of Hazard S3 and Vulnerability S1-3. Total percentage of area covered by each class of Combination 3 Maps. (1H-V1) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk.
(1H-V1) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (1H-V2) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk. (1H-V2) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (1H-V3) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk.
(1H-V3) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (2H-V1) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk. (2H-V1) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (2H-V2) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk.
(2H-V2) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (2H-V3) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk. (2H-V3) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (3H-V1) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk.
(3H-V1) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (3H-V2) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk. (3H-V2) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. (3H-V3) Ranking of Communes in Total High and Very High Risk.
(3H-V3) Percentage of Total Area Covered by each Class in each Commune. 78 x LIST OF EQUATIONS Equation 1. Slope in radian formula. Standardized matrix formula.
PV or Criteria weights formula. Maximum eigenvalue formula. Consistency Index formula. Consistency Ratio formula.
Hazard Index formula. Overlaying thematic layers. Formula of FR change. 56 xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process CI Consistency Index C1 Combination 1.
Combination of Hazard S1 and Vulnerability 1 - 3 C2 Combination 2. Combination of Hazard S2 and Vulnerability 1 - 3 C3 Combination 3. Combination of Hazard S3 and Vulnerability 1 - 3 CR Consistency Ratio CW Criteria Weights DEM Digital Elevation Model DMs Decision Makers FHI Flood Hazard Index FHM Flood Hazard Map FRA Flood Risk Assessment FRI Flood Risk Index FRM Flood Risk Map FVI Flood Vulnerability Index FVM Flood Vulnerability Map GIRC GeoInformatics Research Center GIS Geographic Information System MCA Multi-Criteria Analysis MCDA Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis MCDM Multi-Criteria Decision Making NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration xii PV Priority Vector RI Random Index RS Remote Sensing RW Ratio Weighting S1 Scenario 1 S2 Scenario 2 S3 Scenario 3 TUAF Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry USGS United States Geological Survey V1 Vulnerability Index S1 V2 Vulnerability Index S2 V3 Vulnerability Index S3 WR Weights by Rank WRD Water-Related Disaster 1H Hazard Index S1 2H Hazard Index S2 3H Hazard Index S3 xiii Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale Natural and human-made disasters have been a major concern globally. Natural calamities such as tropical typhoon and flooding, earthquakes, massive soil erosion, tidal waves, and volcanic eruptions are experienced around the world annually.