COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL OBLIGATIONS IN VIET NAM THE CASE OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Hoang Ly Anh May 2013 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL OBLIGATIONS IN VIET NAM THE CASE OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Submitted by Hoang Ly Anh LLB (MGIMO, Moscow, Russia) LLM (Hanoi Law University, Viet Nam) A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science School of Law Faculty of Business, Economics and Law La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria 3086 Australia May 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents.viii Table of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………….ix Statement of Authorship……………………………………………………………….xi Chapter One: Introduction………………………………. International Environmental Treaties and the Participation of Viet Nam. Compliance with International Environmental Obligations in Viet Nam: Problems and the Case of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Main Argument and Thesis Structure……………….7 Chapter Two: Compliance with International Environmental Obligations……….
Concept of ‘Compliance’…………. Notion of ‘Compliance’. Implementation, Enforcement and Facilitating-Compliance Mechanisms ……………………………………………………………. The Concept of the Implementation and Implementation Mechanisms…………………………………………………………….
Enforcement and Facilitating-Compliance Mechanisms……………. The Issue of Compliance with International Environmental Obligations………………………………………………………………. International Law Scholars……………………………………………15 ii. International Relation and Political Economy Scholars…………….
Institutional and Liberal Scholars……………………………………18 2. Implementation to Comply with International Environmental Treaties in Viet Nam……………………………………………………………………………. Implementation of International Environmental Obligations prior to the Adoption of the 1989 Ordinance ……………………………………21 2. Implementation of International Environmental Obligations after the Enactment of the 1989 Ordinance ………………………….
The Concept of Implementation of Treaties in Vietnamese Literature………………………………………………………………. The 2005 Law on Conclusion, Accession and Implementation of International Treaties and the Concept of Implementation…………….31 Chapter Three: Viet Nam’s Socio-Political and Legal Environment for Implementation of International Environmental Obligations…………………. Traditional Vietnamese Society and the Implications for Contemporary Legal System of Viet Nam……………………………………………………………. Main Features of Vietnamese Traditional Society and Law……………………………….
The Implication of Vietnamese Traditional Society and Law to Contemporary Law………………………………………………………37 2. Socio-Political Context of Contemporary Vietnamese Legal System for the Implementation of International Environmental Obligation. Legal Environment for Implementation of International Environmental of International Environmental Obligations – Some Distinctive Features…………43 3. Legal Normative Documents and the Vietnamese Environmental Law………………………………………………………………………43 3.
State Management over Environmental Protection in Viet Nam……………………………………………………………………. Vietnamese Judiciary for Law Enforcement.55 Chapter Four: Convention on Biological Diversity and Its Implications for Viet Nam’s Implementation of International Environmental Obligations………………57 Introduction………………………………………………. The Convention on Biological Diversity – An Overview……………………. The Role of the CBD……………………………………………….
Complement to Existing International Legal Framework on Biodiversity………………………………………………………………59 ii. The CBD - Sustainable Development Convention……………………63 1. The CBD’s Objectives and Principles, Concepts and Approaches………………………………………………………………64 i. The CBD’s Objectives and Principles……….
The CBD’s Approach to Biodiversity………. Characteristics of the CBD’s Obligations…………………………. Major Obligations under the CBD……………………………………………. Obligations for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use.
In-situ Conservation Obligations…………………………………. Ex-situ Conservation Obligations …………………………. The Obligations for Equitable Benefit Sharing of the Use of Genetic Resources……………………………………………………………….83 Chapter Five: Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Viet Nam: the Law on Biological Diversity……………………. Implementation of Biodiversity Obligations by Vietnamese Law prior to the Adoption of the Law on Biological Diversity………………………………….
Pre-2008 Laws: Inadequacy, Insufficiency and Fragmentation……. Inadequate Implementation by the 1993 LEP and the 2005 LEP………………………………………………………………. Piecemeal and Insufficient Implementation by Other Legislations. Limited Implementation by Viet Nam’s Biodiversity Action Plan……90 iv.
Lack of Cohesion of Biodiversity Legal Framework…………………91 2. The Law on Biological Diversity for the Implementation of the CBD’s Obligations in Viet Nam……………………………………………………. The Law on Biological Diversity – Concepts and Principles………………………………………………………………. Concept of Biodiversity……………………………………………….
The Concept of Biodiversity Conservation…. Principles of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development……………………………………………………………103 2. Problems of the Implementation: the Issue of Comprehensiveness, Consistency and Harmonisation of the Law on Biological Diversity…. The Comprehensiveness and Consistency of the Law.
The Harmonisation of the Law on Biological Diversity and other Related Laws: A Debatable Issue…………………………………….112 Chapter Six: Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity: Selected Issues…………………………………………………………………………………. Vietnamese Implementation of the Obligations on Establishment and Management of Protected Areas. Planning a PAs System in Viet Nam………. Establishment and Management of Viet Nam’s Protected Areas prior to the Ratification of the CBD: Some Historical Background.
Establishment and Management of Viet Nam’s Protected Areas Prior to 1986……………………………………………………………………119 ii. Establishment and Management of Viet Nam’s Protected Areas since 1986 until the Ratification of the CBD - An Analysis of Special-Use Forests…………………………………………………………………. Vietnamese Implementation of the CBD’s Obligations on Protected Areas……………………………………………………………………123 i.