MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING USING WEAP MODEL IN THE CAU RIVER BASIN Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh MSc Thesis on Intergrated Water Resources Management February 2015 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ANDTRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND. RURAL DEVELOPMENT NGUYEN THI THUY LINH INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING USI WEAP MODEL IN THE CAU RIVER BASIN Major: Intergrated Water Resources Management THESIS OF MASTER DEGREE Supervisors: 1. Ngo Van Quan 2. Pham Quy Nhan ‘This reseacrch is done for the partial fulfilment ofrequirement for Master of Science Degree at Thuy Loi University (This Master Programme is supported by NICHE ~ VNM 106 Project) February 2015 ABSTRACT ‘The Cau River is a tributary of the Thai Binh river system in the North of Vietnam Different water users (agriculture, domes industry.) are present in the basin Rising population and inereasing water provision in rural and urban areas, in conjunction with the development of the industry or agriculture are going to greatly worsen the complexity of future water resources planning in what is already a water- stressed basin.
Being able to assess the ability of the basin to satisfy potential water demands is decisive in order to plan for the future and make positive decisions. In this study, a scenario analysis approach was used in conjunction with the Water Evaluation and Planning model, in order to assess the impacts of possible water demands on the water resources of the Cau river basin in 2030, For each scenario, the water resource implications were compared to a 2012 “baseline scenario.” The model enabled analyses of unmet water demands, and water storage for each scenario, “The model results show that for the different scenarios considered in this study the implementation of the water resources allocation wili ere we the shortages for other sectors. The construction of the main water storage infrastructure proposed by irrigation planning in the Cau river basi in conjunetion with the application of the percentage allocation method, can reduce the unmet demands and shortfalls to levels lower than, or similar to, those experienced in the 2012 baseline. However, in all ‘eases these interferences will be inadequate to completely meet the demands of all the sectors.
A tight control of the growth in future demands is essential, although this may be difficult in a rapidly developing country like Vietnam. DECLARATION T hereby certify that the work which is being presented in this thesis entitled, Integrated water resources planning using the WEAP model in the Cau river basin” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Mater of Science in Integrated Water Resource Management, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under supervisions of Dr. Ngo Van Quan and Associate Professor Dr Pham Quy Nhan “The matter embodied in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any ‘other degree or diploma Date: February 24, 2014 Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ACKNOWLEGEMENT This study was completed in the Faculty of Water Resources Engineering of Thuy Loi University. I am sincerely grateful to all my supervisors, Doctor Ngo Van Quan and Associate Professor Doctor Pham Quy Nhan; teachers who have always encouraged and motivated me and who have given enthusiastic guidance and suggestions during the learning process and completion of my thesis.
Tam sincerely grateful thanks to the supporters of the project NICHE VNM-106 of the Dutch government (NUFFIC). 1 also would like to express my sincere gratitude to the teacher in the Faculty of Water Resources Engineering, who were helpful in conveying knowledge and technical expertise during my study. | would like to say thanks to my family, colleagues and friends who were cheering, ‘encouraging and creating favorable conditions in my study and my thesis process Because of the limited time and experience, the thesis has inevitable shortcomings. ‘Therefore, I look forward to advice from the teachers so that my thesis will be more complete.
STUDE! NGUYEN THI THUY LINH ABSTRACT. LIST OF FIGURES 5 LIST OF TABLES 6 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 8 1.3 Objective ofstudy 10 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.1 Integrated water resources management.2 Integrated water resources planning 2 2.3 Integrated water resources planing in Vietnam.4 Some model about water allocation 7 2.4 WEAP model 20 Chapter 3: MATERIAL AND STUDY AREA.1 Characteristic of Cau river basin pry 3.2 Water Resources issues.3 Social-economic development 7 3.4 Current water use for each sector: 30 Chapter 4: METHODOLOGY.2 Using WEAP model 37 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.1 Results of calculation water demand in the current situation 39 5.1 Divide to small sub-basins to calculate water demand: 39 5.2 Determine water demand in sub-basins 38 5.3 Calculate flow rate in sub-basins 46 5.4 Nui Coe reservoir in Cong river sub-basin 4 5.2 Results of water allocation in current situation, 4 5.3 Water allocation under scenarios to develop society and economy of the Cau river basin 45 5.1 Results of water allocation for the 2013-2030 period.2 Results of water allocation for4 scenarios in the future (from 2013 to 2030)52 5.3 Select option and propose solution for Integrated water ressources planning in the Cau river 61 5.4 Discussions: 6 CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS67 61 Summary and Conclusions 6 6.2 Recommendations 68 63 Future works: “3 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Water resources planning process 4 Figure 3.1: Overview of the Cau river basin and river network (Institute for Water Resources Planning Hanoi, 2009) 24 ‘igure 4.1: The flow chart of analysis water allocation planning for the Cau River Basin 3 Figure 5.1: Four Sub-basins in Cau river basin 40 Figure 5.2: Modeling diagram about water allocation in curent situation 48 Figure 5.3 Results of calculation water shortage in 2012 48 Figure 5.4: Results of water demand in 2030 with orientated development plan.5: Results of water demand for the 2013-2030 period with orientated development plan 50 Figure 5.6: Result of calculation water shortage in 2030 (billion m) 31 igure 5.7: Develop scenarios and calculate water balance under scenarios 34 Figure 5.8 Results of water demand in 2013 of 4 scenarios 55 Figure 5.9: Results of calculations water shortage for 4 scenarios.10 Chart of water shortage of water users in 2030- scenario 1 (million m°)S7 Figure 5.11 Chart of water shortage of water users in 2030- scenario 2 (million m’)S8 Figure 5.12 Chart of water shortage of water users in 2030 - scenario 3 (million mỶ)59) Figure 5.13 Chart of water shortage of water users in 2030 - scenario 4 (million mỶ)60, Figure 5.14 Results of calculation water shortage for scenarios 4 and 5 63 LIST OF TABLES ‘Table 5.1: The data for Four Sub-t Cau river basin 4i ‘Table 5.2: The main sectors of water used in the Cau river basin 42 ‘Table 5.3: Irrigation water demand in the sub-basins of Cau River basin, 4 ‘Table 5.4: Domestic water demand in the sub-basins of Cau River basin 43 ‘Table 5.5: Industrial water demand in the sub-basins of Cau River basin 44 ‘Table 5.6: Summary of calculating water demand in 2012 of each sub-basin in the Cau river basin 45 ‘Table 5.7: The Meteorological stations in Cau river basin 46 ‘Table 5.8: Average flow in sub-basin (m'Vs) 46 Table 5.9: Result of unmet demand in 2012(million m’Vs) 49 ‘Table 5.10: Unmet demand of water supply for the 2013-2030 period (million m°)S1 ‘Table 5.11: Summary of 4 scenarios of water resources in the Cau river basin.12: The water demand for 4 scenarios for the 201 2030 period (billion m') 5s ‘Table 5.13: Unmet demand of 4 seenarios for the 2013-2030 periodt(billion m’).14 The results of the water shortage of water users in 2030 - scenario 1 (milion m’) 5 Table 5.15 The results of the water shortage of water users in 2030 - scenario 2 (million m’) 58 ‘Table 5.16 The results of the water shortage of water users in 2030 - scenario 3 (million m’) ‘Table 5.17 The results of the water shortage of water users in 2030 - (million m’) Table 5.18: The unmet demand for scenarios 4 and 5 for the 2013-2030 period (milion m’) 6 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Water seems to be an endless resource, the inexhaustible gift of nature. This was a fact more than 30 years ago, but with the many changes in the lives of people, the economic situation. the shortage of water has become one of the top concerns for humanity.
Today, water is used in an unsustainable way in the majority in the World. In all the countries in the world water is predicted to become scarcer by 2025 or even earlier due to continuously increasing demand. This reality constitutes @ major threat towards sustainable development and achievement of millennium ‘development goals in the region. About only 1% of the world’s fresh water, aecurs in the region with 5% of the world’s total population, Water demands have dramatically increased as a consequence of a high population growth rate, expansion of agriculture, and the lack of and a weak water policy.
Many counties actually suffer, think of the Middle East, North Africa, there are areas there too that are severely affected by scarce water resources are now suffering from water deficiency and other ‘countries will face this problem in the near futur. Hence, we need (0 regulate the water usage t0 ensure a sustainable, equitable and efficient utilization of the resource. The allocation of the water resources is normally made through a permit or licensing system, which the system enables the government or state authorities to control the resources taking into account all stakeholder interests. In our country with abundant water resources this may not be needed but with the increased pressure on the water resources, both in terms of ‘quantity and quality, the abundant water supply is becoming a rare situation In recent years, the research applies mathematical models as a tool to support integrated management of water resources, when consid water resource development, water resource planning, administration and management of water resources in river basin in the world as well as in the country increasingly powerful place.
The tool applies mathematical models to contribute in the integrated management of water resources, water resource managers, and the household sector water use in the river basin will have, as a result of this tool, a more synthetic and more comprehensive vision of the water resources in the river basin. At the same time, stakeholders seek consensus, shared opportunities and orientations to exploit Water resources in the basin to meet the immediate and long term goals. ‘The Cau river basin is selected as the subject of the research in which information on water resources, water resources development (basin planning and water allocation), and institution and management mechanisms in the basin is collected and analyzed to identify challenges and development trends in basin water resources and to propose appropriate solutions to achieve the objectives of the project.2 Problem Statement In the Cau river basin, different water users (rural, urban, subsistence, commercial irrigated agriculture, industry, ete.) are present in the basin where injustice is an issue in the access to water. There has been a significant transformation of the water and land legislation in Vietnam.
This will affect future land distribution and water allocation, The development of the industry the construction of new power generation plants, along with the population growth, the revitalization of small-scale irrigation schemes and the improvement in accessibility to water in the rural areas, all are going to increase the water demands, On the other hand, there are several socio-economic, political and legal processes taking place in the Cau river basin that will affect the water demand and the allocation of water. Being able to assess the capacity of this area to satisfy future water demands is essential in order to plan for the future and make wise decisions Moreover, under the impact of climate change, the Cau River basin faces a rising tendency of water shortage.