BANKING ACADEMY ADVANCED PROGRAM ================= GRADUATION THESIS THE EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM STUDENT NAME: ZNGUYEN VIET THANH CLASS: K21CLCA COURSE: 2018-2022 STUDENT ID: 21A4010948 INSTRUCTOR: zMS. PHAM HONG LINH (MSc) Hanoi, May, 2022 GUARANTEE STATEMENT The author certifies that the research findings in the thesis are the result of my efforts and have not previously been published in any other research program. The research findings and other documents (citations, tables, formulas, graphs, and other papers) utilized in this work have been agreed upon and fully cited by the authors. If this is a crime, I would wish to undertake complete responsibility for the foregoing commitments in front of the Thesis Defense Council, the Faculty of Banking, and the law.
Hanoi, May 𝟐𝟏𝒕𝒉 2022 Author Nguyen Viet Thanh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It gives me great pride to be able to study a high-quality bachelor's program at Banking Academy since it encourages young students to widen their thought and advanced abilities in a variety of highly practical disciplines, allowing for future self- development. After months of hard work, my research is complete, and it is now time for me to express my gratitude to everyone who has eagerly supported me. I'd like to express my appreciation and sincere thanks to Ms. Pham Hong Linh, Master in Banking and Finance, who has committed all of her time and passion to provide students with important knowledge and constructive ideas.
Because of her unconditional support, I've learned new approaches, broadened my critical and logical thinking, and developed advanced abilities that will be highly valuable in my future profession and life. Furthermore, I'd want to thank all of the Banking Academy's teachers and lecturers who actively aided me in finishing this thesis. Sincere Thanks ii TABLE OF CONTENT GUARANTEE STATEMENT. ii LIST OF TABLES.
vii LIST OF CHARTS. The urgency of the research. Objects, Scope and Limitation of Research. 3 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL THEORY AND BACKGROUND ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AND BANK FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE .1 Introduction on the bank financial performance .1 Bank financial performance .2 Measures of bank financial performance .2 Credit risk management in commercial Banks .1 Credit risk in commercial Banks .2 Concept of credit risk management in commercial banks .3 Measures of Credit Risk Management .3 Literature review of credit risk management on banks financial performance 11 1.4 Other factors affect the bank financial performance.1 Bank Specific Factors .1 Variables Definition and Measurement.
Error! Bookmark not defined.4 Data Processing and Analysis. 23 CHAPTER 3: THE OVERVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM AND CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT .1 The current state of commercial banks' business activity in Vietnam from 2011 to 2021 .1 Overview of Vietnamese commercial banking system in the research period .2 Commercial Banking System Size .3 Loan Outstanding Balance .2 The current state of the financial performance of commercial banks in Vietnam .3 The current state of credit risk management in Vietnamese commercial banks .1 Non-performing Loan Ratio .2 Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). 35 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL ON EFFECTS OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON THE THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM .1 Summary Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables .2 Correlation Analysis and Multicollinearity Check .1 Breush – Pagan Test.5 Result of The Model .1 The effect of credit risk management on the financial performance of commercial banks. 43 CHAPTER 5: SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .1 Development orientation of the banking industry from the Government and The State Bank of Vietnam .2 Solutions for Vietnam commercial banks .1 Controlling bad debt and non-performing loan ratio .2 Increasing owner’s equity proportion .3 Managing operating costs and expenses .3 Recommendations for the government and The State Bank of Vietnam .1 Effective monetary and fiscal policy implementation .2 Improving the capacity of forecasting indicatore .3 Continuing to closely monitor bad debt and other safety indicators.
55 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 2.1: Variables use in research 21 Table 3.1: Structure of Vietnam's commercial banking system 2011-2021 25 Table 4.1: Statistical table of variables 36 Table 4.2: Correlation matrix between independent variables 37 Table 4.3: Multicollinearity test 37 Table 4.4: Breush – Pagan test 38 Table 4.5: Likelihood test 38 Table 4.6: Hausman test 39 Table 4.7: Wald test 39 Table 4.8: Wooldrige test 39 Table 4.9: Estimated results of factors affecting ROA 40 Table 4.10: Comparison between initial expectations and results 41 vii LIST OF CHARTS Chart Page Chart 3.1: The total assets of 24 Vietnamese commercial bank from 2011 to 26 2021 Chart 3.2: The proportion comparison of total assets of state-owned 27 commercial banks and joint-stock commercial banks in the period 2011- 2021 Chart 3.3: Loan outstanding balance of 24 Vietnamese commercial banks 28 during the research period Chart 3.4: Loan outstanding balance proportion 29 Chart 3.5: Deposit mobilization of 24 Vietnamese commercial banks in the 30 period 2011-2021 Chart 3.6: Deposit proportion 31 Chart 3.7: ROA of Vietnamese commercial bank groups from 2011 to 2021 32 Chart 3.8: Average NPL ratio of Vietnamese commercial banks from 2011- 33 2021 Chart 3.9: Non-performing loans proportion distribution between 2 group 34 Chart 3.10: Capital adequacy ratio between two group 35 viii INTRODUCTION 1. The urgency of the research The spectacular economic improvement of recent years is a significant milestone in Vietnam's development in the globalization trend. In which the banking industry plays an undeniable role in the local financial system, although facing numerous obstacles since many countries' previous financial crises. Banks provide financial services to all members of society and maintain the cash flow, facilitating payment, manufacturing, and trading between countries in the area and globally.
Bank managers are always concerned about efficiency in banking operations because efficient banks contribute to long-term earnings, bank stability, and increased competitive advantages, boosting the development of Vietnamese banks in an international integration environment. Because competition is fierce not only between banks, but also between financial intermediaries, financial institutions, and foreign banks with significant financial capacity and international experience, the competitive environment in Vietnam's financial market is becoming extremely competitive. As a result, it is critical to assess the factors affecting these banks' financial performance, especially their profits, since recommendations will be provided based on statistical analysis to assist managers in orienting and reorganizing their operations. Credit extension is the primary source of revenue for commercial banks, but it also results in financial losses if the consumers fail to meet their debt payback obligations.
The bank's income will improve if it promotes credit activities, which may lead to an increase in profitable assets, but the risks associated with this activity will also rise. As a result, administrators, researchers, and policymakers are always interested in the relationship between profit and credit risk, as well as credit risk management in the banking sector. Credit risk management not only directly affects the financial performance and reputation of the bank but also determines the sustainable development of the bank in the future. When credit risk management is not good, it will increase credit risk, customers will not be able to repay, and banks will suffer enormous losses, especially banks that are still poor in business and financial services.
Credit is the main profitable business. When bank 1 managers are well aware of the impact of credit risk management on financial performance, they will tend to make credit decisions more cautiously and have the best credit risk prevention mechanism for banks to maintain stable financial performance. That is the reason why the topic "The effect of credit risk management on the financial performance of commercial banks in Vietnam" was chosen for research in this study. Research objectives Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the study aims to identify and clarify the impact of credit risk management and other factors on the financial performance of Vietnamese commercial banks.
The thesis focuses on how credit risk management as well as micro and macro factors influence commercial bank financial performance. Furthermore, the report discusses the operational status of commercial banks from 2011 to 2021. On this foundation, the thesis offers additional recommendations and options for improving financial performance and advancing the banking industry as a whole. Research questions The study was conducted with the hope of answering the following questions: - Whether factors related to credit risk management affects the bank's financial performance? - How credit risk management affects the bank's financial performance, positive or negative? 4.
Objects, Scope and Limitation of Research Objects: The effect of credit risk management on the financial performance of commercial banks in Vietnam The research timeframe: 2011-2021 Sample scope: 24 Vietnamese commercial banks operating in the period 2011-2021 and periodically publishing financial statements 5. Research method The study uses the following research methods: - Method of analyzing and synthesizing documents to systematize theoretical issues related to the collection of available data, statistics, analysis, and synthesis 2 to assess the current status of credit risk management as well as financial performance in the Vietnamese commercial banking system. - Quantitative method: The thesis uses a regression model based on panel data to assess the impact of credit risk management on bank financial performance in the period from 2011-to 2021. The source of data used is collected from reliable data sources such as the State Bank, financial statements published by banks.
Research structure The study is divided into 5 main chapters: Chapter 1: General theory and background on credit risk management and commercial banks financial performance Chapter 2. Research method Chapter 3: The overview of Vietnamese commercial banks financial performance and credit risk management Chapter 4: Results of the experimental model on effects of credit risk management on the operation of Vietnamese commercial banks Chapter 5: Solutions and recommendations 3 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL THEORY AND BACKGROUND ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AND BANK FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 1.1 Introduction on the bank financial performance 1.1 Bank financial performance Chenini Hajer and Jarboui Anis (2015) argued that Bank Financial performance is an economic category and could be defined as the attainment of the bank's objectives in the agreed-upon time frame and at the lowest possible cost while utilizing available resources of the bank. The business performance of banks directly determines the existence and development of each bank. If a bank's business operations are effective, the bank's reputation will improve, resulting in an increase in customers’ trust and credit, which also lead to increased equity mobilization.
From that commercial banks have the facility and ability to expand operations and generate more profits as well as accumulate and have many conditions to improve service quality to attract customers. As a result, banks will gain more and more and the number of customers keeps increasing. This circulation brings enormous benefits for both banks and consumers, as long as the bank’s performance is still in a good condition. The performance of commercial banks is generally measured by the ratio between profit to total assets (ROA) and equity (ROE).
The statistics of profit reflect a bank's financial performance, it is determined by interest income from loans and investments, revenue from service activities as well as the size and quality of assets. The analysis of the business performance of banks through ratios must consider many different factors, over different periods to see the development trends and movement rules of banks. Besides, the research must also be based on the actual operation of the bank, having an insight view of each component that constitutes the analytical criteria, it will be easier to identify the reasons for the increase and decrease of the indicators and also, easier to find effective and reasonable solutions as a result of deep research.2 Measures of bank financial performance The commercial bank's business performance is assessed through the bank's financial capacity. The financial capacity is shown through the analysis of factors affecting the bank's business activities.
In order to ensure the stability and development of the commercial bank's operations, it is necessary to ensure the safety criteria in the bank's operations.