Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the MSc in Finance THE FINANCIAL SITUATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FOUR VIETNAMESE BANKS: LPBANK, TPBANK, SEABANK AND VIBANK LE THUY TRANG ID No: 22080916 Intake 6 Supervisor: Prof. Tran Manh Ha September 2023 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to give my deepest thanks to Professor Dr. Tran Manh Ha, who has supported, oriented and given very useful suggestions so that I can complete this dissertation. Secondly, I would like to thank my colleagues at Lien Viet Post Commercial Joint Stock Bank for supporting me in the research and analysis process.
I would also like to express my sincerest thanks to my parents, who made it possible for me to participate in the Master Science in Finance and investment course at the University of West of England. I would also like to thank the University of West of England for this wonderful course and a memorable experience in beautiful UK. Le Thuy Trang September 2023 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The dissertation focuses on analyzing the performance of four mid-sized banks in Vietnam, including Lien Viet Post Joint Stock Commercial Bank (LPB), Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank (TPB), Southeast Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank (SSB), Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VIB). The purpose is to find out the direction and strategy, strengths and weaknesses of banks in the context of economic fluctuations, thereby assessing whether the performance of each bank is good or bad.
After research, it can be seen that LPB is recognized as the first bank with bank - post office model and this model is doing well with its main role of mobilizing capital for banks. The remarkable point of this bank is the bad debt situation. For TPB, this bank is a small bank that is experiencing rapid growth thanks to its digitization strategy. The growth rates and liquidity ratios of this bank have always been at a good level.
SSB is a bank that is heavily dependent on the ecosystem of BRG group and has a lot of intervention from the management board of this group. Finally, VIB - the oldest of the four banks analyzed and has strong support from the bank's management and shareholders. The bank has a stable operating situation, but credit risk and liquidity risk are at a remarkable level The dissertation also goes into valuing these banks through the two most popular methods, the Price multiple method and the residual income valuation method. After calculating, we can see that the recommended prices of banks LPB, TPB, SSB, VIB are VND 16,801; 19,872; 16,584 and 20,248 respectively.
Combined with the above analysis, we make an investment recommendation for each of these stocks. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .3 TABLE OF CONTENTS .4 LIST OF TABLES .8 LIST OF CHART .9 LIST OF APPENDIX. An overview on banking industry:. Area of the study.
Methods of the study. Organisation of the dissertation. CHAPTER 2: MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS. Technology and Innovation.
CHAPTER 3: INDUSTRY ANALYSIS. Banking Industry Performance. Porter's five forces. Bargaining power of suppliers.
Bargaining power of Buyers. Threat of new entrants. Threat of substitutes. Business Strategy and plan.
Financial Statement Analysis. Interest rate risk. Foreign currency risk. Business Strategy and plan.
Financial Statement Analysis. Capital securities risk. Interest rate risk. Foreign currency risk.
Business Strategy and plan. Financial Statement Analysis. Capital securities risk. Interest rate risk.
Foreign currency risk. Business Strategy and plan. Financial Statement Analysis. Interest rate risk .60 7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: GDP Growth.
15 Table 2: Exchange rates – VND/USD.0: LPB - Major Shareholders .1: LPB - Business Plan.2: LPB - Business Results .3: LPB - Asset, Liabilities and Equity.4: LPB - Customer deposit mobilization .5: LPB - Loans to customers .6: LPB - Debt securities .7: LPB - Transactions with other financial institutions .8: LPB - Financial ratios .0: TPB - Major Shareholders .1: TPB - Business Plan.2: TPB - Business Results .3: TPB - Asset, Liabilities and Equity.4: TPB - Customer deposit mobilization .5: TPB - Loans to customers .6: TPB - Debt securities .7: TPB - Transactions with other financial institutions .8: TPB - Financial ratios .0: SSB - Major Shareholders.1: SSB - Business Plan .2: SSB - Business Results .3: SSB - Asset, Liabilities and Equity .4: SSB - Customer deposit mobilization .5: SSB - Loans to customers .6: SSB - Debt securities .7: SSB - Transactions with other financial institutions .8: SSB - Financial ratios .0: VIB - Major Shareholders .1: VIB - Business Plan .2: VIB - Business Results .3: VIB - Asset, Liabilities and Equity .4: VIB - Customer deposit mobilization .5: VIB - Loans to customers .6: VIB - Debt securities.7: VIB - Transactions with other financial institutions .8: VIB - Financial ratios. 57 LIST OF CHART Chart 1: GDP Growth. 14 Chart 2: Exchange rates – VND/USD. 15 Chart 3: Vietnamese Inflation.
16 Chart 4: Lending market shares. 19 Chart 5: Deposits market shares. 19 LIST OF APPENDIX Appendix 1: Industry average P/E and P/B rate .1: LPB’s share valuation using the multiple price methods .2: LPB’s share valuation using the residual income valuation methods .1: TPB’s share valuation using the multiple price methods .2: TPB’s share valuation using the residual income valuation methods .1: SSB’s share valuation using the multiple price methods .2: SSB’s share valuation using the residual income valuation methods.1: VIB’s share valuation using the multiple price methods .2: VIB’s share valuation using the residual income valuation methods. An overview on banking industry: The world's political and economic situation is complicated, economic recession and inflation have had a strong impact on the Vietnamese economy.
The world economy is inflationary, forcing central banks to raise operating rates and use tight monetary and fiscal policies. Exchange rates change rapidly, people's purchasing power decreases. A number of other political factors occurred such as war between Russia - Ukraine or disagreement between the US and China, causing the price of raw materials to increase sharply, supply chain disruptions, and people's lives becoming difficult. Domestically, many notable economic events have had a strong impact on Vietnam's economy, such as violations in bond issuance, violations in stock price manipulation, etc., forcing the state to introduce a series of new regulations to protect the economy.
In that context, the banking industry has shown its more important role in supporting and regulating the economy. The banking industry plays the role of supporting the State Bank in implementing monetary policies to regulate the economy. The bank acts as the main channel of capital for production and business. In addition, the banking industry also contributes significantly to the national GDP.
According to the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, financial, banking and insurance activities contribute 4.76% to the country's GDP in 2022 (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2022). Currently, “Vietnam’s banking sector consists of four state-owned commercial banks, 31 joint-stock commercial banks, nine whole-foreign-owned banks, two joint-venture banks, two policy banks and one cooperative bank. In addition, there are 48 foreign bank branches currently operating in Vietnam” (Austrade, 2020). The four state-owned banks act as leaders supporting the state bank in operating the banking system as they act as interest rate guides for smaller banks and liquidity support when banks trade is difficult.
Small banks are struggling to overcome this difficult period. Among them, four medium sized banks, namely LPBank, TPBank, Seabank and VIBank, are banks that are applying different strategies to ensure their operations in the difficult economic situation. The following dissertation will focus on analyzing the activities of these four banks. Area of the study 10 The following dissertation focuses on analyzing the performance of banks with the same total asset size but different profit levels in the last 5 years.
These selected banks are adopting different business strategies, yielding different results for each. Analysing the performance of each bank helps to find the optimal operating model and strategy for banks in each stage of the economy. In addition, we perform bank valuation to see which banks are overvalued or undervalued. Study objectives The aim of the dissertation is to give an overview of macroeconomics in Vietnam and its influence on the banking industry.
Shows the current state of the banking industry in the context that the economy is going through an extremely difficult period, requiring banks to make great efforts to maintain operations and survive. Assess the performance of four medium small-sized commercial banks in Vietnam in the volatile economic situation. Analysis of the size and quality of assets, the results of the main business activities and the business results and profits of the whole banks. In addition, analysis of strengths, weaknesses, and risks that each bank is facing, along with the strategy that managers are using to deal with outstanding issues.
Last but not least, the dissertation evaluates the intrinsic value of each bank by some common valuation methods used to value financial institutions, thereby making appropriate investment recommendations. Methods of the study The dissertation uses top-down analysis methods to analyze the performance of each bank. Starting from analyzing the impact of macroeconomics on the banking industry to the impact of the banking industry on each bank. Then, analysising into the performance evaluation criteria of the banks.
Regarding macroeconomic analysis, the essay uses PEST model to go into aspects such as politics, social (demographics and lifestyle), technology and innovation, macroeconomics (GDP, exchange rate, inflation and policies of the government and the State Bank of Vietnam). Regarding industry analysis, Porter's five forces model is used to analyze the impact of factors on the banking industry. 11 Regarding the analysis of the bank's business activities, the essay uses the SWOT model. The data is taken from the public audited financial statements of each bank and on famous Vietnamese financial information websites such as Vietstock, CafeF, etc.
We use the Residential income and Price Multiple methods to evaluate banks to make reasonable investment recommendations. The Residential Income methods is suitable for businesses that do not pay cash dividends, used to replace the Dividend discount model method. Price Multiple methods are suitable for businesses with many highly liquid assets, such as banks. Therefore, these two methods are appropriate to choose to value the four banks below.
Organisation of the dissertation The essay is divided into 8 chapters. Chapter 1 shows an overview of the dissertation from the overview, purpose, method and scope of the study. Chapter 2 focuses on Vietnamese macroeconomy analysis. Chapter 3 shows an overview of the performance of the banking industry in Vietnam over the past 5 years.
The next 4 chapters provide an in-depth analysis of 4 selected banks to research, evaluate and make investment decisions. The final chapter will provide a final evaluation of the entire essay. CHAPTER 2: MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS 2. Political According to Associate Professor - Dr.
Thai Van Long (2023), the Covid-19 pandemic, the US-China strategic competition, the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict make the world situation change rapidly, complicatedly and unpredictable The world is gradually returning to normal life after the Covid-19 pandemic. Many countries have removed blockade orders and restrictions on travel. China also began easing epidemic prevention measures towards reopening. Secondly, the Russia-Ukrainian conflict is an event that happened beyond the expectations of international opinion.
This event seriously affected peace, stability and security not only in Europe but also changed the world situation. The conflict has pushed up food prices and escalated world energy prices as Russia squeezed supplies to Europe in retaliation for sanctions. Tensions between the US and China over Taiwan have become an issue. Subsequently, the United States emphasised that competition should not develop into a conflict and that the United States and China should maintain open lines of communication.