THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY KRYZ IRENE MEGAN S. QUINTO CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: Advanced Education Program Office Batch: 2018-2021 Thai Nguyen, 10/01/2022 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Kryz Irene Megan S. Quinto Student ID DTN1754290030 Thesis Title Climate Change Awareness and Environmental Attitude of Undergraduate Students in the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific Supervisor (s) Assoc. Nguyen Thi Ha Asst.
Edlynne Fabian-Perona C. Quinto Supervisor’s Signature Abstract: The world currently faces environmental issues that affect human life, this includes climate change. There are countries that are more vulnerable to the effect of climate change and this includes the Philippines. Higher Education Institutions must train future professionals that will contribute in conserving the environment and thus, this study aimed to measure the climate change awareness and environmental attitude of undergraduate students in Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific which is located in the Philippines, along with the factors that potentially affect it and explore the correlation between the two variables.
The data was gathered through an online survey that was answered by the two undergraduate programs in the academy. The students were considered to have generally high level of climate change awareness and attitude. T-test and ANOVA revealed that the students’ awareness are different when they are grouped according to their demographics however, the same cannot be said for their attitude. Spearman rank correlation found significant relationships between the sub-scales of the variables.
Although, they are interpreted to be very weak to modest correlations. Further studies are recommended to clearly define the factors that affect the students' climate change awareness and environmental attitude and observe other variables that could be related. ii awareness, attitude, undergraduate students, climate change, Keywords: environment Number of pages: 63 Date of 10/01/2022 Submission: iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researcher would like to dedicate this achievement to the following people: first, to her parents who have cared and supported her all through her studies, and for being her emotional pillar. She is grateful to her supervisors Assoc.
Nguyen Thi Ha, Asst. Edlynne Fabian-Perona, and C. Quinto for their guidance and lessons they have taught her. She would like to express special thanks to Ma.
Eniceo for her constant encouragement and advices, Kimberly Anne A. Bautista for her contributions to the study and all her other friends that have given their insights. She would like to thank all her professors who have taught her the knowledge she needed to acquire in order to fulfill this goal. She would also like to express her gratitude to the Advanced Educational Program staff and the University for leading the way especially, as an international student in a country far from home, they have helped in making her time at the university more comfortable.
Last but most definitely not the least, to the Almighty God who bestowed His blessings, constant guidance, comfort and assurance. iv TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures. 1 List of Tables. 2 List of Abbreviations.
Research questions and hypotheses. Climate change management and maritime efforts. Awareness and attitude. OBJECTS AND METHODS.
The research design and methodology. Level of Awareness and Attitude. Differences of the students’ Awareness and Attitude. The relationship between Awareness and Attitude.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. 45 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Percentage of US adults who say climate changes is a major threat. Age of the Respondents.
Year level of the respondents (%). Major of the respondents (%). The type of high school the respondents attended (%). The monthly family income of the respondents.
Mother’s educational attainment. Father’s educational attainment. 21 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Level of Awareness. 21 Table 2: Level of Attitude.
22 Table 3: Awareness according to groups. 23 Table 4: Attitude according to groups. 24 Table 5: Spearman Rank Correlation. 25 Table 6: The strength of a correlation.
30 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHEAKS – Children’s Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale EEDI– Energy Efficiency Design Index GDP – Gross Domestic Product GHG – Greenhouse Gases HEI – Higher Educational Institution HPA – High Personal Awareness IMO – International Maritime Organization LPA – Low Personal Awareness MAAP – Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific MARPOL – The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships PhP– Philippine Peso PIDS – The Philippine Institute for Development Studies SDGs – Sustainable Development Goals SEEMP – Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan UNFCCC – UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 3 PART I. Research rationale Climate change is one of the factors that complicate sustainable food and nutrition security and is found to alter micronutrient availability in some parts of the world more than others (Nelson et al. According to Shanyal & Shuvo (2020) coastal hazards due to climate change that are mostly reported in Asian Countries are: sea-level rise, cyclonic disturbances with strong winds/gusts, water surges, salinity intrusion in soil and water, coastal erosion, rise in sea surface temperature and coral bleaching. Philippines ranked third as the most vulnerable country to climate change and its impact on the country tremendous, i.
Yearly GDP loss, changes in rainfall patterns and distribution, droughts, threats to biodiversity and food security, public, sea-level rise, public health risks, and risks for the vulnerable groups (NICCDIES, 2020). In the country, climate change have created super typhoons with increasing magnitude although, some impacts are also caused by mal- development practices and misuse of local resources (Holden, Nadeau and Porio, 2017). Cultivating knowledge about the significance of the environment is the initial step for an environmental-friendly community (Ramadhan, Sukma and Indriyani, 2019). Through knowledge and awareness, positive values and attitudes form and change people’s way of living (Kwan & Stimpson, 2003; Ramadhan et al.
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are responsible for training professionals 4 who will protect the environment (Galang, 2010; Heyl et al. Environmental education is important in raising environmental awareness (Ma, Men and Cui, 2020). A previous similar study found that there is a significant relationship between climate change awareness and environmental attitudes (Magulod Jr. This research was conducted in order to provide data about climate change awareness and environmental attitude of Philippine undergraduate students particularly in Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP).
Students of the said academy are future seafarers, their knowledge, attitude and actions would impact the marine environment. The results of this study provided data in the Philippine context and can also be used for further researches that may concern environmental education and implementation of pedagogies. Furthermore, the study results are useful to the institute itself to revise their training program if required. Research’s objectives This study aimed to attain the following objectives: General objective: Assess the climate change awareness and environmental attitude of the Philippine undergraduate students Specific objectives 1.
Identify what might have influenced the Philippine undergraduate students’ responses by grouping them based on their demographics. Ascertain the relationship between climate change awareness and environmental attitude of the Philippine undergraduate students in studied institute 1. Research questions and hypotheses This research aimed to determine the level of awareness on climate change and the environmental attitude of Philippine undergraduate students and ascertain if there is a difference between the awareness and attitude of the respondents when grouped based on their profiles. The following research questions that will be answered to accomplish this objective.
What is the level of climate change awareness of the respondents? 2. What level of environmental attitude do the students display? 3. Are there significant differences in the respondents’ awareness and attitude of target groups according to their demographic profile? 4. Is there any significant relationship between the respondents’ awareness and attitude? Statistical analyses will test the following hypotheses: H1a: There is a significant difference between the responses when they are grouped according to the respondents’ demographic profile.
H10: There is no significant difference between the responses when they are grouped according to the respondents’ demographic profile. 6 H2a: There is a significant relationship between climate change awareness and environmental attitude. H20: There is no significant relationship between climate change awareness and environmental attitude. Limitations The study was limited to awareness and attitude since it would be difficult to gauge the students’ behavior due to the on-going covid-19 pandemic.
For the same reason, the entire research was conducted online and therefore, had limited reach to the entire population during the data collection. LITERATURE REVIEW Climate change is a problem for everyone around the world. It is one of the most serious challenges in the 21st century (Howard-Grenville et al. All people, from the older generations or the younger ones, it is undeniably an issue to be concerned about.
As its effects worsen, especially for countries that are more vulnerable to it like the Philippines, it is encouraged to take actions that will manage it. Climate change management and maritime efforts Climate change is an alteration in the normal weather found in an area. This could be an alteration in how much precipitation a location typically receives in a year. Or it could be a shift in a place's regular temperature for a month or season.
Climate change also affects the global climate. This could be a change in the global average temperature and distortion on the snow and rainfall in certain areas (NASA, 2014). The objective of Climate change management is to stabilize, slow or prevent its effects by reducing the production and presence greenhouse gas emissions globally (Rhodes, 1992). Efforts to limit the risk of climate change have taken place under 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol.
Many countries began at an early stage, to control or limit their carbon emissions such as China and United Kingdom (Howard-Grenville et al. Furthermore, in September 2015, UN’s campaign for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) commenced of which “climate action” that mentions the urgency to combat climate change and its effects, was set aiming for sustainable development for all (UN, 2015). 8 The production and consumption of energy for human activities is responsible for two-thirds of the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) that’s one of the main causes of climate change. Emissions from international shipping are part of the remaining third and thus, play a role in its reduction.
An International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation was placed on the 1st of January 2013 written in The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex VI Chapter 4 which declares that new ships should abide with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) to all ships be implemented (Ölçer and Ballini, 2018; International Maritime Organization, 2019). Awareness and attitude In the study of Trevethan (2017), knowledge and awareness dictionary definitions were reviewed and discussed. Due to the vague definitions of the terms, they are often interchanged by researchers however; there are some that use the words to refer different meanings. The two have been depicted in a continuum where general awareness is at the low end and specific knowledge is at the high end.
This would imply that general awareness or general awareness is having ‘little’ or ‘less’ knowledge about the topic. He then proposed an awareness continuum where awareness has its domain that involves personal engagement or concern. Low Personal High Personal Awareness (LPA) Awareness (HPA) Figure 1. Awareness Continuum 9 Albarracin and Shavitt (2018) defined attitude as the willingness to take action or respond but without complete guarantee.
A subject or a target is needed for attitude which can be a person, an object or an idea therefore; it concerns many disciplines which includes (but not limited to) health, politics and marketing. In this context, action is excluded from the scope of attitude.