STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING ACADEMY FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY -----*****----- GRADUATION THESIS MERGER AND ACQUISITION IN PROJECT “RESTRUCTURING THE SYSTEM OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS DURING 2011 – 2015” Student : Nguyen Tien Dat Student code : 16A7510200 Class : K16ATCD Supervisor : Mr. Ngo Tung Anh (MA, MBA) Hanoi, May 2017 i|Banking Academy Graduation Thesis DECLARATION I certify that this thesis is my own independent work. The data in the thesis has a specific origin and is up to date. Hanoi, May 2017 Nguyễn Tiến Đạt ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat ii | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my supervisor, Mr.
Ngo Tung Anh (MA, MBA) for his enthusiasm and favourable comments throughout my graduation thesis. Besides offering constructive suggestion for reference resources, he remarked and analyzed important points to make my graduation thesis better. Moreover, I would like to give my sincere appreciation to lecturers in Banking Academy in general and the Faculty of Foreign Languages in particular for equipping me with valuable knowledge for my study and career. Last but not least, special thanks are also to my family and friends for their great support as a great encouragement to me.
Due to the limited time and capacity, I hope that readers would sympathize with me and give feedback for improving the thesis. Hanoi, May 2017 Nguyễn Tiến Đạt ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat iii | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis ABSTRACT Facing the opportunities and challenges in the process of regional and global economic integration, the restructuring of Vietnam banking system in the period 2011-2015 under Project 254 has been contributing to consolidating financial strength, building a healthy and reputable business market. One of the solutions that has been effectively applied is the restructuring by bank M&A. The thesis on Merger and acquisition in project “Restructuring the system of credit institutions during 2011 – 2015” has studied the effectiveness of bank M&A activities, clarified and made comments in many aspects.
First, the researcher has consulted and summarized the general theories of M&A activities in general and in the banking sector in particular. Next, in addition to identifying the motivations for M&A activities among commercial banks, the researcher provides a comprehensive picture of the situation and generally assesses the results of the restructuring by M&A in Vietnam. Based on the data collected, some typical M&A deals are carefully analyzed according to the roles of the participants and the time sequence as before, during and after the M&A process. Finally, in order to realize the orientation of the banking system restructuring that the government has put forward and based on predictions of the development of M&A activities, lots of solutions and recommendations, not only just for the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) and other authorities but also for commercial banks in particular, have been proposed.
ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat iv | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACB Asia Commercial Bank AEC ASEAN Economic Community ATM Automated Teller Machine BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade CTG (Vietinbank) Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank For Industrial And Trade CTG (Vietinbank) EAT Earnings after tax EBT Earnings before tax Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint Stock Bank EIB (Eximbank) EUR Euro FED Federal Reserve System (of the United States) Ficombank First Commercial Bank FTA Free trade agreement GPbank Global Petro Commercial Joint Stock Bank HBB Hanoi Building Commercial Joint Stock Bank (Habubank) HD Bank Housing Development Commercial Joint Stock Bank HSBC The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation IFC The International Finance Corporation M&A Merger and Acquisition MDB Mekong Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank MHB Mekong Housing Bank Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank MSB (Maritime Bank) ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat v|Banking Academy Graduation Thesis NPL Non-performing Loan NVB National Citizen Commercial Joint Stock Bank (NCB) OCB Orient Commercial Joint Stock Bank OCBC Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Bank PGbank Petrolimex Group Commercial Joint Stock Bank ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity SBV The State Bank of Vietnam SCB Saigon Joint Stock Commercial Bank SeABank Southeast Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank SHB Saigon Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank STB Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Join Stock Bank (Sacombank) Techcombank Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank USD United States Dollars VAMC Vietnam Asset Management Company Joint Stock Commercial bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam VCB (Vietcombank) VIBbank Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank VNCB Vietnam Construction Bank VND Vietnam Dong VPBank Vietnam Prosperity Commercial Joint Stock Bank WTO World Trade Organization ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat vi | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 2.1: Bad debt ratio of credit institutions in Vietnam .2: Group 2 & group 5 over total outstanding loans in September 2011 18 Table 2.3: Categorization of Commercial banks.4: M&A deals between Vietnam commercial banks .5: HBB's classification of outstanding loans 2010-2011 .6: Income and cash flow of SHB 2012-2016 .1: Vietnam M&A by sector in 2011.2: Capital of SHB 2011-2016 .6: Earnings before and after tax (EBT – EAT) of BIDV 2012-2016 .7: Capital of MSB in 2007, 2011, 2014 .8: Assets of MSB in 2007, 2011, 2014 .9: Capital of MDB in 2009-2011 .10: Assets of MDB in 2009-2011 .11: EBT of MSB and MDB, 2010-2014.12: Bad debt ratios of MSB and MDB, 2011-2015 .1: Relationship between related parties of MSB and MDB. 35 ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat vii | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. vi PART A: INTRODUCTION.
Rationale to the research. Objectives of the study. Scope of the study. Methodology of the study.
Structural organization of the thesis. 3 CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. Restructuring banking system. Merger and Acquisition in banking system.
Relatedness of the business activities. Strengths and Weaknesses. 8 ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat viii | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis 1. Collection of stocks on the securities market.
Lessons from the world for Vietnam. JP Morgan Chase – Bank One Corp. Bank of America – Merill Lynch Bank. 16 CHAPTER 2 THE REALITY OF M&A IN VIETNAM SYSTEMIC BANK RESTRUCTURING.
Motivations for bank M&A in Vietnam. Overview of Vietnam commercial banking M&A. 24 - SHB and HBB. 24 - MHB and BIDV.
29 ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat ix | B a n k i n g A c a d e m y Graduation Thesis - MSB and MDB. 42 CHAPTER 3 SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Outlook for Vietnam commercial banking. Restructuring orientation for the period from 2016-2020.
Trend of M&A prediction. For the State Bank and other authorities. For Commercial banks. Recapitulations and concluding remarks.
Limitations and proposals for further study. x ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat 1|Banking Academy Graduation Thesis PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale to the research In the world, Merger & Acquisition (M&A) is formed very early, especially in the developed economy when enterprises compete with each other fiercely. Thanks to M&A activities, competition among enterprises has been solved and also created the tendency for companies to concentrate on utilizing the value from gathering of financial resources, technology, manpower, and brand.
Therefore, M&A becomes a tool for companies to improve their capacity as well as to eliminate those companies that are not competitive enough in the market. In Vietnam, M&A activities have been concerned since the Enterprise Law came into existence in 1999. They have been active since 2005 with the Vietnam stock market. M&A takes place in almost all areas, in which the banking - finance sector takes a large proportion.
In the context of international integration with a number of agreements or economic organizations that Vietnam has participated in such as World Trade Organization (WTO), ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and free trade agreements (FTAs), etc and the risks from the bank's role in the national economy, Project “Restructuring the system of credit institutions during 2011 – 2015” or so-called Decision No.254/QĐ-TTg was born. It has been five years since the project was approved that issues such as bad debts, capital pressure and openness for investors… have been basically solved through M&A activities. However, banks have just entered the first phase. M&A trends will continue in the coming economic restructuring process of the government.
To review and evaluate the nature of M&A activities, the graduation thesis would clarify the “M&A in Decision No.254” in many aspects. ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat 2|Banking Academy Graduation Thesis 2. Objectives of the study The thesis elicits and assesses information on M&A activities of Vietnam commercial banks under the pressure of restructuring by Decision No. The purposes of the thesis are not only to provide fundamental knowledge related to M&A in general, but also to point out the major changes in the restructuring process.
On that basis, the researcher makes predictions for M&A trends as well as gives recommendations to banking activities in Vietnam. Scope of the study Due to time constraints, the thesis focuses on M&A activities in Vietnam restructuring banking system by Decision No.254, which is mainly from 2011 to 2016. Methodology of the study The thesis is the result of the process of compiling, analyzing and comparing. In particular, the general theory is gained from economic books and related official laws.
Additionally, processing secondary data includes synthesis of financial reports, annual reports on the websites of the research companies and at the stock exchange, articles, magazines, journals, domestic and foreign websites. Structural organization of the thesis Except for the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into three main chapters and organized as follows: Chapter 1: Theoretical background Chapter 2: The reality of M&A in Vietnam restructuring banking system Chapter 3: Solutions and recommendations ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat 3|Banking Academy Graduation Thesis PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. Restructuring banking system According to “A legal framework for systemic bank restructuring” by Margery Waxman, systemic bank restructuring encompasses a series of measures that need to be coordinated in order to maintain the national payment system and access to credit while correcting problems in the financial system that caused or contributed to the crisis. Another definition given by Claudia Dziobek and Ceyla Pazarbasioglu in “Lessons from Systemic Bank Restructuring”, systemic bank restructuring aims to improve bank performance - that is, restore solvency and profitability, improve the banking system's capacity to provide financial intermediation between savers and borrowers, and restore public confidence.
However, the definitions revolve around the main goal of systemic bank restructuring, which is enhancing the competitiveness of banks and the banking system. In general, the major restructuring activities are categorized into three types including financial restructuring, operational restructuring and safety oversight. Measures, such as business diversification, M&A, equitization, and so on are applied basing on the objects such as commercial banks, state-owned banks. Bank restructuring is only taken into consideration and implements as emerging issues in the economy and in the operation of banks.
In Vietnam, banking restructuring happened in the 1990s when the banking system was exposing weaknesses and risks under the impact of the Asian financial crisis. Till 2011-2015 facing the effect of financial crisis 2007-2008, a period of banking ATC-K16 Nguyen Tien Dat 4|Banking Academy Graduation Thesis explosion and the pressure of integration, Vietnam released the Decision No.254 as the active steps in the systemic bank restructuring.