VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ---------------o0o--------------- NGUYEN LAN THANH STUDY OF NUTRIENTS RECOVERY FROM POULTRY WASTEWATER BY MODIFIED BIOCHAR FOR SOIL APPLICATION NGHIÊN CỨU THU HỒI CHẤT DINH DƯỠNG TỪ NƯỚC THẢI CHĂN NUÔI BẰNG BIOCHAR BIẾN TÍNH ĐỊNH HƯỚNG PHÂN BÓN Major: Environmental Engineering Major code: 8520320 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, July 2023 THIS THESIS IS COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Supervisor: Dr. Vo Thanh Hang Examiner 1: Assoc. Nguyen Tan Phong Examiner 2: Dr. Huynh Thi Ngoc Han This master’s thesis is defended at HCM City University of Technology, VNU- HCM City on 29th July 2023.
Master’s Thesis Committee: 1. Dang Viet Hung 2. Dang Vu Bich Hanh 3. Nguyen Tan Phong 4.
Huynh Thi Ngoc Han 5. Le Thi Huynh Tram Approval of the Chairman of Master’s Thesis Committee and Dean of Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources after the thesis being corrected (If any). CHAIRMAN OF THESIS COMMITTEE HEAD OF FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence – Freedom - Happiness THE TASK SHEET OF MASTER’S THESIS Full name: Nguyen Lan Thanh Student ID: 2070577 Date of birth: 13/10/1998 Place of birth: HCM city Major: Environmental Engineering Major ID: 8520320 I. THESIS TITLE (In Vietnamese): Nghiên cứu thu hồi chất dinh dưỡng từ nước thải chăn nuôi bằng biochar biến tính định hướng phân bón II.
THESIS TITLE (In English): Study of nutrients recovery from poultry wastewater by modified biochar for soil application III. TASKS AND CONTENTS: - Content 1: Biochar preparation and modification. - Content 2: Evaluating factors effect on synthetic wastewater. - Content 3: Evaluating factors effect on poultry wastewater.
- Content 4: Evaluating the slow-released ability of biochar fertilizer. - Content 5: Soil application. THESIS START DAY: (master’s thesis decision date) 14/02/2022. THESIS COMPLETION DAY: (master’s thesis decision date) 12/06/2023 VI.
Vo Thanh Hang Ho Chi Minh City, date …,…2023 SUPERVISOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT (Full name and signature) (Full name and signature) DEAN OF FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (Full name and signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to everyone who has helped me along the way to finishing this thesis. Due to a lack of time and knowledge, some of the information in this thesis cannot be sufficient and complete; please be understanding for my shortcoming. First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to Dr. Vo Thanh Hang, Assoc.
Nguyen Nhat Huy, M. Lam Pham Thanh Hien, M. Vo Thi Thanh Thuy for their guidance, patience, and invaluable insights throughout the entire research process. Their knowledge, encouragement, and constructive criticism were instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this thesis.
I am also eternally thankful to our laboratory 710 H2 group members, who has shared their knowledge and provided a stimulating academic environment. Their dedication to learning and research has had a significant impact on my intellectual development. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge my friends and family for their unwavering support, encouragement, and understanding throughout this challenging but rewarding academic endeavor. Their faith in my abilities and consistent motivation has been critical to my success.
Lastly, I would like to acknowledge the countless individuals who have contributed in numerous ways, whether through discussions, assistance, or moral support. Your contributions may not be mentioned individually, but they have played a key role in shaping my academic and personal growth. To all those mentioned and those who remain unnamed, I am profoundly grateful for your support and belief in me. This thesis would not have been possible without your contributions.
Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 Nguyen Lan Thanh i ABSTRACT In this research, we propose and evaluate a novel approach for the treatment of poultry wastewater using a composite adsorbent derived from agricultural waste and water supply sludge. The ultimate objective is to transform the treated wastewater into a viable fertilizer suitable for agricultural applications. The modified biochar, a key component of the adsorbent, was synthesized by incorporating crop residues, water treatment plant sludge, and magnesium salt. The resulting biochar was subjected to a comprehensive characterization process encompassing scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and X-ray diffraction.
Subsequently, the adsorption performance of the modified biochar was assessed with respect to ammonia and phosphate removal, employing both synthetic and actual poultry wastewater samples. The study also investigated the influence of various experimental parameters, including the nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratio, initial concentrations of ammonium and phosphate, pH, and the quantity of biochar, on the adsorption capacity of ammonia and phosphate. The outcomes of the experimental design revealed that the optimal conditions yielded remarkable adsorption capacities of 60. These conditions encompassed an N/P ratio of 1.25, an initial concentration of 90 mg/L, a pH level of 6, and a biochar mass of 0.
The optimum value was applied for produced biochar as a fertilizer and assessed for slow-released ability. The pink swamp mallow was treated with biochar, chemical and untreated for control sample. We cannot conclude the slow-released ability of this biochar, but the plant with biochar treated develop normally like the others. ii TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đề xuất và đánh giá một phương pháp mới để xử lý nước thải gia cầm bằng cách sử dụng chất hấp phụ tổng hợp có nguồn gốc từ chất thải nông nghiệp và bùn nước cấp.
Mục tiêu cuối cùng là sử dụng nguồn dinh dưỡng có sẵn trong nước thải trở thành phân bón ứng dụng cho nông nghiệp. Than sinh học biến tính, được tổng hợp bằng cách kết hợp phế phẩm nông nghiệp, bùn nhà máy xử lý nước và muối magie. Than sinh học thu được được phân tích tính chất bằng các phương pháp hiện đại bao gồm kính hiển vi điện tử quét, quang phổ tia X phân tán năng lượng, phân tích Brunauer-Emmett-Teller và nhiễu xạ tia X. Sau đó, hiệu suất hấp phụ của than sinh học biến tính được đánh giá bằng hiệu suất loại bỏ amoni và phốt phát trên cả mẫu nước giả thải và mẫu thực tế.
Nghiên cứu cũng đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các thông số thí nghiệm khác nhau, bao gồm tỷ lệ nitơ-phốt pho (N/P), nồng độ ban đầu của amoni và phốt phát, độ pH và lượng than sinh học đến khả năng hấp phụ của amonia và phốt phát. Kết quả thiết kế thực nghiệm cho thấy các điều kiện tối ưu cho khả năng hấp phụ vượt trội là 60,64 mgNH4+-N/g và 66. Những điều kiện này bao gồm tỷ lệ N/P là 1.25, nồng độ ban đầu là 90 mg/L, độ pH là 6 và khối lượng than sinh học là 0. Giá trị tối ưu được áp dụng cho than sinh học được sản xuất làm phân bón và đánh giá khả năng nhả chậm.
Cây sâm bố chính được bón bằng phân từ than sinh học, và so sánh với phân hóa học cũng như một mẫu đối chứng. Kết luận, than sinh học chưa thể đánh giá được khả năng nhả chậm, nhưng cây sâm bố chính sử dụng than sinh học có tốc độ phát triển cũng như tính chất như hai loại đối chứng. iii THE COMMITMENT OF THE THESIS’ AUTHOR I hereby declare that this thesis is solely my original work and that the content presented within it is entirely accurate. The data and tables used for analysis and guidance in this study have been sourced from various references, and proper attributions are provided in the references or footnotes immediately beneath the respective tables.
Moreover, to provide additional clarification for the analyzed and referenced arguments, explanatory documents are included in the appendix, along with annotated data sources. Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 Nguyen Lan Thanh iv TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. ii TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ. iii THE COMMITMENT OF THE THESIS’ AUTHOR.
iv TABLE OF CONTENT. viii LIST OF FIGURES. ix LIST OF TABLES. xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .2 Research’s aim and content.3 Research’s subject and scope .4 Scientific contribution and prospective application.
4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Overview of animal agriculture .1 Polluted by solid waste .2 Polluted by wastewater .1 Mechanical treatment method .2 Physicochemical treatment method .3 Application of biochar .7 Application in Viet Nam .2 Animal agriculture waste.4 The reality of crop residues in Vietnam .1 Definition of sludge .2 The negative effect of sludge .3 Sludge treatment method .8 Review studies in Vietnam and international. 41 CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS .1 Equipment and material .1 Evaluating adsorption of biochar and sludge on synthetic wastewater.2 Evaluating adsorption of biochar and sludge on real wastewater .3 Evaluating slow – release .1 Ammonium analyzing method.2 Phosphate analyzing method. 51 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .1 The preliminary results .1 Surface morphology and pore structure of 10% Mg-biochar.2 Compositions and structure of modified biochar .1 Model fitting and statical analysis .2 Interactive effect of variable on models .1 Application on sythetic wastwater .2 Application on actual wastewater .5 Slow-release experiment .1 Slow release in water .1 Slow release in soil .7 Cost for 5 g of modified biochar. 82 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.
135 vii ACRONYMS 3D plot Three-dimension Plot A/O Anaerobic/Oxide BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CCD Central Composite Design CEN The European Standardization Committee COD Chemical Oxygen Demand EDS Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy MAP Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate MPP Magnesium Potassium Phosphate N2 Nitrogen NH4+ Ammonium NO2- Nitrite NO3- Nitrate P Phosphorus PO43- Phosphate RSM Response Surface Material SBR Sequencing Batch Reactor SEM Scanning Electron Microscope SS Suspended Solids TKN Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen XRD X-Ray Diffraction viii LIST OF FIGURES Fig.1 Diagram for removal and generation solid liquid pollutants. The image of biochar. Loaded technique of biochar for different emphases. Biochar preparation procedure.
Sludge preparation procedure. The chicken coop in District 12. Ammonia analysis method. Phosphate analysis method.
The influence various types of biochar (with or without sludge) on phosphate and ammonium adsorption capacity. SEM images of raw material and MgCl2 10% modified biochar a) raw bagasse scaled up x10000 times; b) raw sludge scaled up x10,000 times; c) BS scaled up x 10000 times. Analyzed element in EDS and % element in material (a) Mg-BS before adsorption; (b) Mg-BS after adsorption; (c) raw water treatment plant sludge; (d) raw bagasse. XRD analysis of BS before (B-adsorb) and after (A-adsorb) adsorption nutrients from wastewater.
The isotherm plot adsorption and desorption of BS (a), and the pore distribution of BS (b). The normal distribution plot of adsorption capacity (a) Ammonium (b) Phosphate. Normal probability plots of residual for (a) Ammonium adsorption capacity (mg/g) (b) Phosphate adsorption capacity (mg/g). The predicted vs.
actual response values plot for (a) Ammonium adsorption capacity (mg/g); (b) Phosphate adsorption capacity (mg/g). 3D surface plot and perturbation plot of ammonium adsorption capacity. 3D surface plot and perturbation plot of phosphate adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity (a), removal efficiency (b) of phosphate and ammonium ion.
Outlet concentration of ammonium and phosphate leachate from water. Outlet concentration of ammonium and phosphate leachate from (a) sand and (b) soil. The Pink Swamp Mallow blooming. (a) the height and (b) largest diameter of pink swamp mallow roots.
The expression of Pink Swamp Mallow (a), (b) the flower blooming, (c), (d) (e) leaves of biochar, chemical, and untreated. Qualitative sample extracting fluid from three treated plant (1 – biochar, 2 – chemical, 3 – untreated) (a) raw extracting fluid (b) sample with NaOH 10%, (c) sample 2 times distilled with NaOH 10%. 81 x LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Chemical composition of manure (following basic factor) .