MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HOCHIMINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS --------------------------- Nguyen Huu Nhan A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE VIETNAMESE BANKING SECTOR: EVIDENCE FOR VIETNAMESE LEADING JOINT-STOCK COMMERCIAL BANKS MASTER OF BANKING THESIS Ho Chi Minh City – December, 2010 123doc MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HOCHIMINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS --------------------------- Nguyen Huu Nhan A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE VIETNAMESE BANKING SECTOR: EVIDENCE FOR VIETNAMESE LEADING JOINT-STOCK COMMERCIAL BANKS Specialized in Banking & Finance MASTER OF BANKING THESIS THE RESEARCH ADVISOR: VUONG DUC HOANG QUAN, Ph.D Ho Chi Minh City – December, 2010 123doc ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Vuong Duc Hoang Quan, whose never-ending optimism and patience encouraged me to continue on my path. I appreciate very much the fact that Dr. Vuong Duc Hoang Quan took the time to listen, discuss and help me fulfill this research.
I would like to thank to the Banking Faculty, which support me to finish this thesis. My sincere thanks to Mr. Vo Xuan Vinh, Mr Dao Trung Kien for their supports during my hard time of study. Finally, I would like to say thanks to my family, who always support and motivate me all the life.
Ho Chi Minh City, Nguyen Huu Nhan 123doc ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to classify the Vietnam commercial joint stock banks in cohesive categories on the basis of their financial characteristics revealed by the financial ratios. These financial characteristics are total assets, total shareholder’s equity, loans to customers, deposit from customers and the financial ratios such as probability, asset quality, operational efficiency and liquidity ratios. A sample of seven large Vietnam commercial joint stock banks total loans to customers comprise of 63% of total outstanding loans of the whole Vietnam commercial joint stock bank were financially analyzed, and simple regression was used to estimate the impact of asset management, operational efficiency, and bank size on the financial performance of these banks. The study found that the bank with higher total capital, deposits, credits, or total assets does not always mean that has better profitability performance.
The regression analysis results showed that financial performance of the bank was not strongly and positively affected by the operational efficiency, the asset management and the bank size. 123doc ABBREVIATIONS ACB : Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank. AFTA : ASEAN Free Trade Area. AHP model : Analytical Hierarchy Process.
ALM : Asset and Liability Management. ANOVA : Analysis of variance. ASEAN : Association of South East Asian Nations. ATM : Automated Transaction (or Teller) machine.
AVSC : Au Viet Securities Co. BDD : Bad and doubtful debt. BSC : BIDV Securities Company. CAMELS model : Capital, Asset Quality, Management, Earning, Liquidity, Sensitivity to Market Risk.
CAR : Capital Adequacy Ratio. CIC : Credit Information Center. EAGLES model : Earning ability, Asset quality, Growth rates, Liquidity, Equity level and capital adequacy, effective management- SRQ. Eximbank (EIB) : Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint Stock Bank.
GSO : General Statistics Office of Vietnam IOR : Income/Overheads ratio. IPO : Initial Public Offering. JSCB : Joint Stock Commercial Bank. KPMG : KPMG Consulting Inc.
123doc LDR : Loans to deposits ratio Military Bank (MB) : Military Commercial Joint Stock Bank. NIM : Net interest margin. POS : Point of sale. RAROC : Risk-adjusted return on capital.
ROSF : Return on Shareholder’s Fund. Sacombank (STB) : Sai Gon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank. SBV : State Bank of Vietnam SOCB : State-owned Commercial Bank SRQ : Strategic response quotient. SWOT : Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
Techcombank (TCB): Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank. Vietcombank (VCB) : Joint Stock Commercial Bank For Foreign Trade of Vietnam. Vietinbank (CTG) : Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade. VND : The currency of Vietnam.
WTO : World Trade Organization. 123doc TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABBREVIATIONS CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the study .6 Scope and limitation .7 Structure of the thesis. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Evaluating bank financial performance .7 Other financial ratios .2 Asset and liability management (ALM) .3 Some models used in assessing the performance of bank .2 SBV’s bank assessing framework .3 The EAGLES model .4 Some previous researches.1 Suggested model in assessing and comparing banks .2 Financial indicators and ratios used in comparing banks.
Data for the study .3 Data level of confidence. 28 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISSCUSIONS. Comparisons of Vietnam leading joint stock commercial banks .2 Total shareholder’s equity .3 Loans to customers .4 Deposits from customers .5 Return on total assets – ROAA .6 Return on shareholder’s equity – ROEA .10 Ranks of chosen commercial banks .1 Relationships among the financial performance measured by ROA, and interest income size, and the independent variables (operational efficiency, asset management, bank size).2 Independent variables impact on financial performance measured by ROA and interest income size. 56 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .3 Recommendations for further study.
63 APPENDICES REFERENCES 123doc LIST OF TABLES Table no.: Title of tables Page Table 3.1: Selected financial criteria and ratio for the comparison and ranking .2: Selected variables in testing hypothesis .3 Total outstanding loans .4: Selected commercial banks to compare.5: Data source to extract and calculate financial ratios .1: Total assets of commercial banks .2: Total shareholder’s equity .3: Loans to customers .4: Deposits from customers .5: Return on total assets – ROAA .6: Return on shareholder’s equity – ROEA .7: Net interest income/total operating expenses .8 Provisions for loans losses ratio .9: Loans to deposits .10: Ranks of chosen commercial banks based on financial indicators .11: Chosen commercial banks: Key average data (2004-2009) .13: (ANOVA) independent variables impact on financial performance measured by ROA and interest income size. 57 123doc LIST OF FIGURES Figure no.: Title of figure Page Figure 3.2: Suggested model in assessing and comparing banks.3: Positive correlations between variables .4: The impact of asset management, operational efficiency and the bank’s size on the financial performance.1a: Individual bank’s asset growth .1b: Total assets of commercial Banks .2: Total shareholder’s equity .3a: Assets – Loans growth .3b: Loans to customers .4: Deposits from customers.5: Return on total assets – ROAA .6: Return on shareholder’s equity – ROEA .7: Net interest income/total operating expenses .8 Provisions for loans losses ratio .9a: Loans, deposits growth.9b: Loans to deposits. 46 123doc ________________________________ 1 ________________________________ CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the overview of the study, including the background, rationale of the study, overall and specific objectives, scope and limitation. At the end of the chapter, the structure of the study is presented.
Background In recent years, Vietnam has been considered to be a dynamic economy in ASEAN region and the world. The investors are attracted to Vietnam due to its largely untapped market with a population of over 86 million people according to General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), strategic geography position, stable political conditions, and a high economic growth. Over the last five years, the changed market economy has brought Vietnam to an average growth of six point nine per cent (6. Normally, the country aims to gain the economic growth from seven to eight percent (7-8%) to bring Vietnam out of its position as an undeveloped country [32].
One of the sectors in Vietnam exposed to rapid change is the banking sector. It carries out the bridge for capital mobilization and distribution, satisfy the capital demand for the economy. After the region financial crisis year 1997, the credit institution system in Vietnam has been restructured and developed with various ownership types. As stated on the State-bank of Vietnam’s website at current, the credit institutions consists of three state-owned commercial banks; thirty nine joint-stock commercial banks; forty eight foreign bank branches; five joint- venture banks; fifty three foreign bank’s representative offices; sixteen finance companies; thirteen financial leasing companies; and other nine hundred fifteen local credit funds.
Total assets of credit institutions increased rapidly, especially in JSCB group [22]. _________________________________________________________________________ 123doc ________________________________ 2 ________________________________ As a result of the imminent WTO accession and the obligations arising from bilateral trade agreements, Vietnam has committed itself to move to a market based economy and to create a level playing field for all participants, either state-owned or private, domestic or foreign (Bao Toan Tran, 2008) [3]. Besides, five of 100% foreign banks allowed setting up business in Vietnam. These banks are Standard Chartered, ANZ, HSBC, Shinhan, and Hong Leong bank as showed on the SBV’s website.
The competition is increased not only commercial banks of Vietnam but also foreign banks. In order to compete with foreign banks, domestic banks have to expand their sizes, networks operations. The Government published paper no.141/2006/ND- CP to push credit institutions increasing charter capital to 3,000 billion VND at end of year 2010. However, according to the banking industry report of BSC, most of commercial banks have presented the charter-capital-increasing plan except 21 banks [24].
These 21 banks are finding way to attract capital of 31,400 billion VND. This is a great pressure for bank to comply the new charter capital regulation. Because of lacking capital, therefore capital must be used with profitability. In order to attract capital, bank’s financial performance has an important role for investors or shareholders to decide whether to invest or not.
In addition, the world financial crisis was originated from the housing loan crisis in the United States, and spreading around the world. Many large banks declared bankruptcy or was purchased or taken over by other banks such as Lehman Brother, Merrill Lynch [30]. So that, banks in Vietnam need to reconsider their financial performance. Fitch, the credit rating agency has lowered its ratings for two big banks, citing _________________________________________________________________________ 123doc ________________________________ 3 ________________________________ rapid growth in their outstanding loans.
Fitch lowered its grades for the two banks, Vietcombank (VCB) and Asia Commercial Bank (ACB), from D to D/E, a level suggesting that they have serious problems that may require outside assistance [31]. Rationale of the study In the banking sector, there has apparently been no in depth study of comparing financial performance of Vietnamese banks. This thesis aims to fill in the gap, at least partially. The study looks at financial performance in the banking sector in Vietnam.
Bank managers can understand its major banking activities that may increase the bank ranking and financial performance position comparing with other banks. The study provides such information should help the management of commercial banks in creating appropriate financial strategies for attaining the required planned financial performance. In addition, the SBV reconsiders published policies and have relevant solutions to support commercial banks to develop based on information of this study.3 Problem statement Commercial banks need to re-consider their financial performance in order to discover its advantages as well as disadvantages to attract capital, deposits from depositors, shareholders and investors.4 Overall objective The purpose of this study is to compare the Vietnam seven leading commercial joint stock banks on the basis of their financial characteristics.5 Specific objectives The specific objectives of the thesis include: To obtain an overview of the financial performance evaluation of bank, some models and previous researches involved. To develop a research framework for making comparison among seven leading joint stock commercial banks in Vietnam.
To gain better understanding the financial performance of seven leading joint stock commercial banks base on applying the proposed research framework. To provide some recommendations on how to improve financial performance position for banks.6 Scope and limitation The scope of the study is Vietnam joint-stock commercial banks, which consists of seven (07) large commercial banks. These banks account for 63% total loans of the Vietnam joint-stock commercial banks at the year end 2009 indicated by CIC report at December, 2009. Like any other study, this study is also not without its limitations.