THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LE PHAM HOANG MAY STUDY ON EXTRACTION PROCESS OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS FROM POLYSCIAS FRUTICOSA TRUNK BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Food Technology Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2018-2022 Thai Nguyen, 2022 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program: Bachelor of Food Science and Technology Student name: Le Pham Hoang May Student ID: DTN1854190020 Thesis Title: Research on extraction process of total flavonid from Polyscias Fruticosa trunk Supervisor(s): MSc. Vu Thi Hanh Supervisor's Signature: This study has the purpose to consider the influence of several aspects on the total extraction of flavonoids in the Polyscias fruticosa trunk including extraction temperature, solvent consumption, concentration and extraction time, size of Polyscias fruticosa trunk and the use of magnetic stirrer. In this study, the Polyscias fruticosa trunk was harvested in Thai Nguyen province. The powder from the Polyscias fruticosa trunk was extracted with 70% ethanol for 20 hours at room temperature.
Flavonoids were detected in the trunk of Polyscias fruticosa using a 10% Pb(CH3COO)2 solution. The results showed that the presence of flavonoids in the Polyscias fruticosa trunk and the influencing factors in the extraction process were determined the most suitable data to increase the flavonoid extraction efficiency. Keywords: Polyscias fruticosa trunk, flavonoids, solvent consumption, concentration, extraction time, size, magnetic stirrer Number of pages: 65 Date of submission November 2nd, 2022 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A completed study would not be done without any assistance. Therefore, I gratefully gives acknowledgeme to the support and motivation during the time of doing this research as a requirement of completing my thesis First of all, I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to my supervisor Dr.
Vu Thi Hanh from Vietnam National University of Agriculture. Her kindly support and continuous advices went through the process of completion of my thesis. Her encouragement and comments had significantly enriched and improved my work. Without her motivation and instructions, the project: Extraction process of total Flavonoid from Polyscias Fruticosa trunk would have been impossible to be done effectively.
Following that, I would like to thank MSc. Nguyen Thuong Tuan from the Institute of Life – Thai Nguyen University for providing me with equipment and useful knowledge, as well as my research group colleague who assisted me throughout the course of the thesis. As last, my deeply thanks come to the teachers at the Faculty of Food Technology for their assistance and knowledge throughout my time at the school. Thai Nguyen, August 20th, 2022 Sincerely Lê Phạm Hoàng Mây ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
ii LIST OF FIGURES. v LIST OF TABLE. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.
Research questions and hypotheses. 2 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW. Overview about Polyscias Fruticosa. Polyscias Fruticosa Source.
Polyscias Fruticosa Characteristics. Polyscias Fruticosa part for research use. Structure and classification of Flavonoids. Properties of Flavonoid.
Biological effects of Flavonoid. Methods for extraction of total flavonoids. Researches in our country and international researches:. Researches in Vietnam.
RESEARCH CONTENT AND METHODS. Reseach equipment and chemicals. Methodology of experiment design:. Medology of data processing.
The result of qualitative analysis of total flavonoid found in the Polyscias fruticosa trunk. 30 Qualitative results of the presence of flavonoids in. Determination on factors that influence the ability to extract total flavonoid from the Polyscias fruticosa trunk. Selecting the best solvents for extracting total flavonoid from the Polyscias fruticosa trunk.
The effect of concentration of extraction solvent on the total flavonoid content. The effects of extraction time on the total flavonoid content. The effects of ratio between solvent and material on the total flavonoid content. The influence of raw material size on extraction capability of total flavonoid content.
The effect of magnetic stirring on the extraction capacity of total flavonoid content .40 References in Vietnamese. 40 References in English. Appendix statistical analysis. 52 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.
Classification of flavonoid. Structure of flavonoid subgroups. Graph showing the standard curve and the standard curve equation. Extraction solution + Pb(CH3COO)₂.
Effect of extraction solvent on the extraction of total flavonoids. Effect of extraction time on total flavonoid extraction. The effect of extraction time on the total flavonoid content. The effect of solvent : material ratio on the total flavonoid content.
The influence of Material size on extraction capability of total flavonoid content. The influence of magnetic stirrer on the total flavonoid content. 37 v LIST OF TABLE Table 1. Equipments used in laboratory.
Chemical used in laboratory. The effects of solvent type on extraction capability of. The effect of concentration of extraction solvent on. The effects of extraction time on the total flavonoid content.
The effects of ratio between solvent and material on. Effects of raw material size on extraction capability on. The effect of magnetic stirring on the extraction capacity of. 26 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Ultrasonication Assisted UAE Extraction PEF Pulsed Electric Field EAE Enzyme-assisted Extraction MAE Microwave-assisted Extraction PLE Pressurized Liquid Extraction SFE Supercritical Fluid Extraction QE Quercetin vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.
Research rationale Vietnam is a tropical country with favorable climatic conditions, resulting in a diverse and rich flora ecosystem with 12,000 species of higher plants, nearly 5,000 of which are used as medicine (Vo Van Chi, 2003). This opens up the research potential of natural compounds for pharmaceutical applications in Vietnam. Polyscias fruticosa, has other names such as Nam Duong Lam, with small leaves; belongs to the ginseng family (Araliaceae), genus Polyscias, species Polyscias Fruticosa (L. In Vietnam, Polyscias Fruticosa has long been used as a traditional medicine, widely known in promoting health, increasing blood circulation, reducing rheumatic pain, etc.
Many studies have shown that “in Polyscias Fruticosa, there are glucosides, Alkaloids, Tannins, Vitamin B1 and about 20 types of amino acids such as: Arginin, Alanin, Asparagin, glutamic acid, Leucin, Lysin, Phenylalanin, Prolin, Threonin, Tyrosin, Cysteine, Tryptophan, Methionine (Nguyen Thoi Nam et al., 1990), Oleanilic Acid (Nguyen Thi Nguyet et al., 1992), Flavonoids (Nguyen Thi Luyen et al., 2012), essential oils (Brophy JJ et al. Currently, research on active ingredients from nature is attracting the attention of researchers and users because of its effective healing. Polyscias fruticosa is being focused on breeding and cultivating due to its pharmacological effects and high biological potential. In our country, the bark of Polyscias Fruticosa is used to promote the removal of the placenta after childbirth, and to cure aches and pains.
They are also used to treat back pain, rheumatism. Flavonoids found in polyscias fruticosa have been proven to be effective in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including allergic inflammation, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, assisting the body in controlling metabolic processes, 1 anti-aging, and sustaining endurance, blood vessels, and lowering cholesterol in the blood. The problem of researching the active ingredients in polyscias fruticosa is still constrained today, as it is mostly used in traditional folk remedies. As a key premise in the medication of active components for the purposes of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and foods, it is necessary to examine the process of extracting the significant active ingredient total flavonoids from the trunk of polyscias fruticosa.
Based on the above concerns, I have chosen the topic: “Study on extraction process of total flavonoid from Polyscias fruticosa trunk”. Research’s objectives Qualitative analysis of the presence of total flavonoids in the trunk of Polyscias fruticosa. Considering potential aspects that affect the extraction process of total flavonoids in polyscias fruticosa trunk such as extraction temperature, kind of solvent, concentration and extraction time, size of Polyscias fruticosa trunk and the use of magnetic stirrer. Propose the total flavonoid extraction process in Polyscias fruticosa trunk.
Research questions and hypotheses Is it probable to obtain total flavonoid content from the trunk of Polyscias fruticosa? What variables can greatly affect the extraction process from the trunk of Polyscias fruticosa? 1. Limitation Polyscias fruticosa is widely grown in Thai Nguyen, favored as a medicine. This is convenient for transporting and harvesting materials for the purpose of conducting experiments with facilities and equipment in the laboratory in Thai Nguyen city. Meanwhile, due to the different seasonal conditions and areas where the Polyscias fruticosa trunk was harvested, the material prepared for the 2 the research was affected in terms of concentrations obtained unevenly.
We chose the flavonoid because it is considered to be a compound with many pharmacological benefits, which is found in the trunk of Polyscias fruticosa. In particular, there are efficient extraction methods for flavonoid. 3 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. Overview about Polyscias Fruticosa 2.
Polyscias Fruticosa Source Polyscias fruticosa is a species of small tree within the genus Polyscias of the Araliaceae familia. Polyscias Fruticosa Characteristics Small shrub, green all year round, can be 1. Body rough, spineless, less branched, bearing many large gray scars, young branches have many convex dermis. Leaves compound, staggered, 2-3 canopy long, 20-40 cm long; The leaflets are irregularly serrated, sometimes lobed.
The root and chop are oblong, fragrant when crushed; petioles long, growing into large sheaths at the end; All segments have stalks. Inflorescence panicle at the top, consisting of small, grayish-white flowers. The fruit is ovoid, flat and silvery white (Vo Van Chi, 1997). Polyscias fruticosa is a moisture-loving plant and can be slightly shade- tolerant, growing on many types of soil, even with a very small amount of soil, the tree can still live, in the style of a bonsai.
Planted by cuttings after 2-3 years the tree bears fruit. Polyscias fruticosa has strong clonal regeneration, with a stem or branch embedded in the ground becoming a new tree (Do Huy Bich et al. Polyscias fruticosa 4 Polyscias fruticosa has numerous applications, including improving health, increasing blood circulation, and reducing rheumatic pain. It also has diuretic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and enzyme inhibitory properties (Do Tat Loi, 2004).
Chemical component The study of the chemical composition of the genus Polyscias started during the 1980s. However, there have been over 200 cases to date: “Substances have been isolated from 12 of the genus's 176 accepted species (P. The isolated compounds primarily belonged to the triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponin groups. There are also polyacetylenes, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, sterols, ceramides, cerebrosides, propanoic acid derivatives, lignans, and derivatives of other cyanogen production.
Alkaloids, glucosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and vitamin B1 amino acids, alike as lysine, cysteine, and methionine, are all-important amino acids in Polyscias fruticosa (Ngo Ung Long- Military Institute, 1985). Polyscias fruticosa trunk contains the most chemical elements, while the leaves and branches have lower attention. Saponins, alcoloids, vitamins B1, B2, B6, vitamin C, 20 amino acids, glycocids, alkaloids, phytosterols, tannins, organic acids, essential oils, numerous trace elements, and,10 Street are set up in the root and leaves. The leaves also have triterpene saponins(1.65) and a genin known as oleanolic acid (Do Huy Bich etal.
Pharmacological action According to modern medicine, Polyscias fruticosa has the main effects such as: - Improve physical strength and reduce stress by stimulating brain activity, fighting fatigue and anxiety, and boosting immunity. 5 - Reduce joint discomfort. - Anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling. - Improve your urination.
- Protection of the liver. - Antihistamine and asthma treatment with plant-derived alcohol extract. - Improve memory and prolong life (tested on old mice). According to traditional medicine, Polyscias fruticosa has the following effects: - Leaves treat fever, swelling, and boils.
- Roots are used as a tonic and diuretic. The Polyscias fruticosa trunk and branches relieve low back pain and numbness (Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, 2007) Polyscias fruticosa roots are used as a tonic to strengthen the body, treat weakness, fatigue, poor digestion, and postpartum women with little milk. It is also used to treat cough, hemoptysis, uterine pain, dysentery, and as a diuretic and anti-toxic.