Cross-sectional Stability of a Two Inlet Bay System C. Borsje March 2003 TUDelft Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Section of Hydraulic Engineering Cross-sectional Stability of a Two Inlet Bay System Master Thesis his Borsle Supervisors: Profi MAF. Siue (Tu Dela) Drlr A van Mazik (Tu Den) Ie HJ. Verhagen (Tu Der) Profit v-van de Kreeke (University of Mam) TU Delt, Facul of Cul Engineering and Geosciences, Section of Hydrauic Engineering Det, March 2005 Preface.
‘This master thesis deals witha study on cross-sectional stably of estuaries with wo inlets. This hao been caried out within the framework of the Faculty of Cill Engineering at Daft Unversity of Technology. ‘Special thanks go to the examination committee, for heir supervision during my work: prot. Site, lr Verhagen, dr.
van Mazik and prot van de Kreeke for heir devotion and much valuable Information {and assistance, Also, | would Ike to thank i. Tghiem Tien Lam for helping me out with his report. his Borsje Absiract ‘Tidal inlets are connections between smal, shallow bays and the sea In a tde-dominates environment, the status c ths inlet isa balance between local given condtions such ag channel ‘geometry and the hydraulic environment. According to Escoffet, when the equilorium is disrupted Ít Should generally retur to is orginal state In tidal lagoon systems with more ines, t's more uncertain to predict a stable canston foreach inlet ‘There are cases where some channels wil close and others stay open, while other systems remain overall stable, Le.
each inlet has an equllum state, An analytical method to determine this tabi I Yet no avaliable. Therefore, the focus attends to researeh a model bay system with two ocean inlets, were there could be an unconditional stale environment. For this, th fllowing important ‘assumptions and starting angles are set up + Thewalerlewelinthe bay area moves uniformly: +. Vardalone in ocean tide and phase levels may give new insights + A hirởinlet imaginary or real, wih esuting small wate level differences inthe bay, s added, For his case, a double inlet lagoon system is modelled ths consists ofa bay area with nosignificant shape, two channels wit relevant ficton and inertia parameters and an idealized ocean tde wath a tial range and phase at each niet troat Further, a variaton of tis done by (vifualy) spliting up the bay.
On each model a series of tats has been done wih calculation and graphic sofware, Every inlet has an equllorum flow curve, ie. a ctass-sectonal area where the maximum curents ate just enough to fush sediment and Keeping the channel open If this is the case fr both cross-sections, the hole lagoon system i refered to a8 stable (E-type flow condition). In the graphic images, tis is ‘Shown by the inlersections ofthe equilbrum flow curves, ‘The normal medel bay system showed that thera is ø stable condton when the túa range atthe seaside s diferent at each inlet. provided tha his isnot oo large.
In adaton, the channels should be Suffcienlly short with icon not lo high. This is also vald fr higher tidal ranges, where the iferences are even smaller ‘The bay system withthe parifon had the same stablty conditions. Higher ie levels at both inlets could also ensure stability, a9 the thd niet becomes relatively smal. Next, the E-ype flow condtton Is ‘more key if the thi inlet is smaller or longer.
Further, the rato in bay area on either sie ofthe partiton channel has some negative influence on tis, but in combination with tie đfferenee, a Balanced system can remain. “The models are futher implemented on a present-day situation, a lagoon inlet system located inthe Huệ province In Vietnam. Here, there are two inlets, located far apar, eting the system be relatively stable. In his patcular case, repeated flooding and breaching of the sand barrer resulted into ‘another init next tothe main inet inthe northern part of he lagoon, The appearance ofthis tied ‘channel has raised the question whether the two close inlats could be stable, although the authoriies would rather have tis channel closed.
The pattion made! indicated that his can be the case. Although the lagoon is also largely influenced by wave acton, frequent storm surges and river runo, the tidal inlet models 9 useful ool in order fo understand the basie behaviour ofthis lagoon beter. should be understood thatthe models that were used could never fly represent real hydraulic environments, as there are aways other influencing factors present For tde-dominated estuaries, they can however be a valuable stating point Nevertheless, the resulls show by both models are salstactory. A deeper investigation could be made on pars of this subject.
w Table of Contents PREFACE, ABSTRACT. ‘TABLE oF CONTENTS. List oF FIGURES. List oF TABLES CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER2 PROBLEM ANALYSIS.4 Introduction 3 22 One- het bay system 3 2.3 Twain bay system 4 24 Goalofthssudy 8 CHAPTER3 MODEL FOR CROSS-SECTIONAL STABILITY.4 Principles of stably analysis 9 32.__ Classification of equilrium flow curves „ 321 TyBBA „" 322 TypeB 2 323° Typed.__Inletbay schematization hà 331.
Two inlet bay system hệ 332 Two inlet bay system with partion 18 vụ CHAPTER 4 INLETHYDRODYNAMCS. Onesiniet bay system 19 43. Twosnlet bay system 2 444. Twornlet bay system with partion, 23 45.
Veriication ofthe solutons. Two inlet bay syst 27 522 Two inlet bay system with partion 28 823 Discussion 2 S3 __ Symmetical ocean tide conditions lo both inlets.1 "Variations with one parameter 20 53.2 Variations with two parameters, 31 533 Discussion u 54 Different acean tide conditions for both ines, 3 5441. Vaialonswdone parameter 3 542 Variations with two parameters 39 543 Discussion 3g 55.__ Phase ferences inside the bay, 40 ‘551 Variations with one parameter 40 55.2 Variations wth two parameters, 48 553 Discussion 49 CHAPTER6 APPLICATION TO THE TAM GIANG— CAUHAILAGOON, VIETNAM 641 Invoduetion st 6.2 Description of the system 52 B3 Objectives.1 Simulation excluding the Hoa Duan inet 54 83.2 Simulaton exclusing the Thuan An inlet. sẽ 633 Simulations excluding the Tu Hien inet sĩ CHAPTER7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES ‘APPENDICES.
vụ APPENDIX SOLUTION FOR ATWOINLET BAY SYSTEM. APPENDIX SOLUTION FOR A TWO INLET BAY SYSTEM WITH PARTITION. APPENDIXG CALCULATIONS ON THE Two INLET BAY SYSTEM. Variations in tidal wave " C21.
Tidal Period " 622, Tidal amplitude. Short lengths combined with tal amplitude 18 C24. Tidal amplitude dierence 14 C25. Shor lengins combined with an amplitude diference.
Tide mbalance at higher dal anges 6 C27. Tidal diference in bath amplitude and phase 18 3, _ Inet characteristics 19 31. Diferences nile iength 2 C34. Frection 2 APPENDIXD CALCULATIONS ON THE TWO INLET BAY SYSTEM WITH PARTITION, D4.
Reference siuation + D22 _ Variations in tide and inlet parameters 25 D21. Tidal amplitude: 25 D22 Short lengths combined with tial ampitude 2 D23 Ampltude aiterence 27 D21. Shor lengths combined with ampltude dference 28 D25. Stability condiuonslorinefeasing taldifeence 29 126.
Stability conaitons for increasing Soa diference (big parton) 30 27. Shor inets % Ø3 _ Vaisiens with pariton inet 2 D31. Large cross-sectional area 32 D32. Larger cross-sectional area 33 03.
Small cross-sectional area 4 D34. Variations with bay ratio 4t Dat. Bay Ratio with smal partion inlets +“ D43. Bay Ratio with tdal ampltude difference 49 APPENDIXE — INLET AND BAY PARAMETERS OF THE TAM GIANG - CAU HAI LAGOON, VietNam APPENDIXF SIMULATIONS ON THE TAM GIANG - CAU HAI LAGOON, VIETNAM F.
Hoa Duan inlet closed, with partion sẽ F2. Thuan An nit closed, with partion 61 F4.4, Tubien inlet closed wit patton. 6 List of Figures Figure 24, (Closure curve ofa stable ta inet. Closure surface of init 1 potted against init 2 5 Figure 23 Equlirium flow curve of niet1, potted against inet 2.
5 Figure 24 Closure surface of Inlet 2 potted against net 1 6 Figure 25 Equilorium fow curve of niet 2, potted against inet1 6 Figure 26. Possible configurations of equliolum flow areas. 7 Figure 31 (Cross-sectional area ~ Tidal Prism Relationship for nets in the USA 1m Figure 32 Type A fow cure. H Figure 33 ‘Type 8 flow curve.
2 Figure 34 Type C flow curve. 3 Figure 35 Type D flow curve 8 Figure 36. Examples of instability in type D „ Figure 3.7 Type E flow curve. Examples of stayin Type E 1 Figure 39 Two = niet bay system 7 Figure 3.10 Two inlet bay system with partion 18 Figure 44, Triangular cross section 20 Figure 42 Closure scenario, 20 Figure 43 Top view of Matagorda Bay, In the cenre below is Pass Cavallo; aie to the north, splting the barr, is Matagorda Inlet 24 Figure 44.
EEquilorum flow curves for Pass Cavalo and Matagorda Inet (van de Kreeke. 1980) 25 Figure 45 Equilorium flow curves for Pass Cavalo and Matagorda inlet, calculated by the wo inlet bay system model 26 Figure 5.1 Equitorlum flow curve forthe two nit bay system. 28 Figure 52 Equlorium flow curve or the two init ba system with te partion. (Changes inthe equim fow curves around lọ, = 0.59 m, % Figure S4 Equllrium fow curves at higher tide diferences.
35 Figure 55 Closure surfaces of Inlats 1 and 2 at increasing de diferences, 36 Figure Số. Equlorium flow curves at increasing phase differences 38 Figure 57 ype flow curve as a result of tae aference. ctype flow curve, caused by a smaler partion init ái Figure 59 Limit E-type condition aLA3 = 2000 m2 and a main tide of 0.10, Limit E-type condition at A3 = 6500 m2 and a man de of 1 00 m.11 Limit E-type condition at AS = 10400 mỡ and a main ide of 1.12 Limit E-type condition at A3 = 14000 m2 and a main te of2 00 m 4 Figure 5.13, Limit E-type condition at AS = 18500 mỡ and a main tde of2 60m. ‘Water evel amplitude differences inside the bay ata bay ratio of 1 (a), 2 (0) and 10 (2) 46 Figure 5.15, Phase level differences inside the bay at abay rao of 1 (a), 2 (b) and 10 (6) .16 Equitorium flow cura at ho) = 0.4 ‘Map of the Tam Giang ~ Cau Hal lagoon system 51 Figure 62 (Overview of lagoon areas and inlets with cross-sectional profs s Figure 63 Model of the lagoon system 53 Figure 64 3D image of the closure cuve of Thuan An inlet (ross section A), ploted against Tu Hien init (cross section A).
3D image of the closure curve of Tu Hien inlet (cross section A), plotted against Thuan ‘An inlet (cross section A) sẻ Figure 66. EEquilorium flow curves for Thuan An inlet and Tu Hien inlet, at Ao = 0. Equlibrium flow curves for Hoa Duan niet and Tu Hien Inlet, at Mp = 0 16x rad. Equiibium flow curves for Thuan an and Hoa Duan inlet.02% rad sr Figure 6.
Equiibdum flow curves for Thuan An and Hoa Duan inlet atAe = 0.10, Cloture surfaces for Thuan An inlet (ef) and Hoa Duan iit (ght). Flow curves for amplitudes at inlet1 of 6,60 m (green, 0.3, Equlbum Row curves for AlAs valves of 0 1 (red), 1 (green) and 10 (blue). Equilibrium flow curves for bay area ratios of 0. 43 Figure D5 Equilbium flow curves for bay area ratios of 0 10 (a), 1 (0) and 10).
Equllbvum flow curves for bay area ratios of 0. Equilbum flow curves for bay area ratios of 0 103) 1 (0) and 10 (e) 52 Figure E. Map of te lagoon system wih dept profes. Simulation wth @: = 18x rad sẽ Figure E2.4 — Simulaton with @: 61 Figure FS.
Simulabon with gs s2 Figure E6. Simulaton with 9: 64 Figure E8. Simulabon with gs 85 Figure E8. Simulaton with @: 67 FigureF 11.
Simulabon with gs 88 Figure F.12 Simulation wth @,=-002: rad 68 xi List of Tables Table 41 Val of paramete ues rs used in Matagorda Bay, 25 Table S1 Reference valves, 28 Table 52.