VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY -------------------- NGUYEN HONG HAI CO-CULTURE OF MICROALGAE AND BACTERIA FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT COUPLING WITH BIOMASS RECOVERY NUÔI CẤY VI TẢO - VI KHUẨN CỘNG HỢP ĐỂ XỬ LÝ NƯỚC THẢI KẾT HỢP VỚI THU HỒI SINH KHỐI Major: Environmental Engineering Code: 8520320 MASTER THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, February 2022 THIS RESEARCH IS COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Instructor: Assoc. Bùi Xuân Thành Examiner 1 : Assoc. Nguyễn Thị Thanh Phượng Examiner 2 : Assoc. Lê Đức Trung Master’s Thesis defended at HCMC University of Technology, VNU-HCMC on February 18, 2022 The Board of The Master’s Thesis Defense Council includes: 1.
Nguyen Van Phuoc 2. Vo Thanh Hang 3. Nguyen Thi Thanh Phuong 4. Le Duc Trung 5.
Nguyen Nhat Huy Verification of the Chairman of the Master’s Thesis Defense Council and the Dean of the Faculty of Environment & Resource after the thesis being corrected (if any). CHAIRMAN DEAN OF FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCE Prof. Nguyễn Văn Phước VIETNAM NATION UNIVERSITY HCMC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence – Liberty - Happiness THE TASK SHEET OF MASTER’S THESIS Full name: Nguyễn Hồng Hải. Day of birth: 24/01/1996.
Place of birth: Ho Chi Minh city Major: Environmental Engineering. THESIS TOPIC: Co-Culture Of Microalgae And Bacteria For Wastewater Treatment Coupling With Biomass Recovery/ Nuôi Cấy Vi Tảo - Vi Khuẩn Cộng Hợp Dể Xử Lý Nước Thải Kết Hợp Với Thu Hồi Sinh Khối II. TASKS AND CONTENTS: The study includes the following mission with relating contents as below: 1. Evaluate the formation and characterization of activated (microalgae + sludge) granule in PBR with SBR mode 2.
Definition of optimal operating conditions for cultivation of activated granules in photobioreactor 3. Evaluation of batch MPBR for granular activated algae on biomass recovery and wastewater treatment III. TASKS STARTING DATE: 05/09/2022. TASKS ENDING DATE:18/12/2022.
Bùi Xuân Thành. HCM, ngày tháng năm 20 INSTRUCTOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Assoc. Bùi Xuân Thành DEAN OF FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my deep respect and appreciation to Assoc. Bui Xuan Thanh, my career father, my inspirational advisor who gave me valuable advice during my time studying and researching at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology.
Without his dedication, enthusiasm, and erudite knowledge, I would not be able to overcome the difficulties to complete this thesis and this study Thank you so much my team Bird Fighter, Kim Qui – Hong Ngoc – Phuong Uyen, for helping me so much from the very beginning of this study. Thanks guys, always by my side to work with me during 2 years. It was a lot of memory with you, I never forget. Thank you, my seniors, my fellows in BIOSEP Research Group for helping me improve my knowledge and practical skills during my time working with the group.
A special thanks to VINIF fund for granting me Master Scholarship which supported me so much during my study time. ii ABSTRACT In this study, activated algae granule was achieved by cultivated mixed culture inside PBR. Granulation and wastewater treatment of activated algae from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae strain and bacteria from AS was investigated through 4 different agitation speeds of 80, 120, 160, 200 rpm (shear stress of 0. The stable ability in treating COD, ammonium, TP of activated algae, with the highest achieved removal efficiency were 92%, 85% and 91%, respectively.
During granulation process, EPS and filamentous microalgae are the 2 main observed factors contribute to the granule formation. Shear stres below 0.15 Pa could not form granule. The largest granule was achieved at R200 – shear stress of 0.1 µm), but R160 (shear stress 0.35 Pa) gave optimal results in terms of granule formation time, as well as wastewater treatment efficiency. Shear stress from 0.15 Pa could guarantee mass transfer for the entire co-culture without aeration.
Shear stress from 0.69 Pa is a suitable range for the granulation process of activated algae. The different strategy of EPS in the microbial community also affected by various hydraulic shear force combining with the stress caused by retention time. The hydrodynamic shear by agitation was found to determine the structure of granules and regulated the granulation including its transformation stage, the EPS regulation and dominant microbial community. Therefore, the present study adds insight into the comprehensive understanding of the effect of hydraulic shear stress induce granulation formation on activated microalgae.
iii TÓM TẮT Trong nghiên cứu này, kích hoạt hạt tảo đã đạt được bằng nuôi cấy hỗn hợp nuôi cấy bên trong PBR. Quá trình tạo hạt và xử lý nước thải của tảo hoạt tính từ chủng vi tảo Chlorella Vulgaris và vi khuẩn AS được khảo sát thông qua 4 tốc độ khuấy trộn khác nhau là 80, 120, 160, 200 vòng/phút (ứng suất cắt 0,04-0,69 Pa). Khả năng xử lý COD, amoni, TP của tảo hoạt tính ổn định với hiệu suất xử lý đạt cao nhất lần lượt là 92%, 85% và 91%. Trong quá trình tạo hạt, EPS và vi tảo dạng sợi là 2 yếu tố quan sát chính góp phần hình thành hạt.
Lực cắt dưới 0,15 Pa không thể tạo thành hạt. Hạt lớn nhất đạt được ở R200 – ứng suất cắt 0,69 Pa (339,1 µm), nhưng R160 (ứng suất cắt 0,35 Pa) cho kết quả tối ưu về thời gian tạo hạt cũng như hiệu quả xử lý nước thải. Ứng suất cắt từ 0,04 – 0,15 Pa có thể đảm bảo chuyển khối cho toàn bộ hệ thống đồng nuôi cấy mà không cần sục khí. Ứng suất cắt từ 0,15 – 0,69 Pa là khoảng thích hợp cho quá trình tạo hạt của tảo hoạt tính.
Chiến lược khác nhau của EPS trong cộng đồng vi sinh vật cũng bị ảnh hưởng bởi lực cắt thủy lực khác nhau kết hợp với ứng suất gây ra bởi thời gian lưu. Lực cắt thủy động lực học bằng cách kích động đã được tìm thấy để xác định cấu trúc của hạt và điều chỉnh quá trình tạo hạt bao gồm giai đoạn biến đổi của nó, quy định EPS và cộng đồng vi sinh vật chiếm ưu thế. Do đó, nghiên cứu hiện tại bổ sung cái nhìn sâu sắc về sự hiểu biết toàn diện về ảnh hưởng của ứng suất cắt thủy lực gây ra sự hình thành hạt đối với vi tảo hoạt hóa. iv LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi tên Nguyễn Hồng Hải, là học viên cao học ngành Kỹ thuật Môi trường khóa 2019, mã số học viên 1970162.
Tôi xin cam đoan: Luận văn cao học này là công trình nghiên cứu khoa học thực sự của bản thân tôi, được thực hiện dưới dự hướng dẫn của PGS. Bùi Xuân Thành. Các hình ảnh, số liệu và thông tin tham khảo trong luận văn này được thu thập từ nguồn đáng tin cậy, đã qua kiểm chứng, được công bố rộng rãi và được tôi trích dẫn rõ ràng ở phần Tài liệu tham khảo. Các bản đồ, đồ thị số liệu tính toán và kết quả nghiên cứu được tôi thực hiện nghiêm túc và trung thực.
Tôi xin lấy danh dự và uy tín của bản thân để đảm bảo cho lời cam đoan này. GUARANTEE My name is Nguyen Hong Hai, I am a graduate student in Environmental Engineering, class of 2019, student number 1970162. I hereby declare that this master thesis is my own true scientific research work. carried out under the guidance of Assoc.
Bui Xuan Thanh. The images, data and reference information in this thesis are collected from reliable, verified, widely published sources and are clearly cited by me in the References section. The maps, graphs of calculated data and research results are done seriously and honestly by me. I pledge my honor and reputation to back this statement.
Master Student Nguyễn Hồng Hải v TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .ii TABLE OF CONTENT. viii LIST OF FIGURES .viii LIST OF TABLES .2 Objectives of the study .5 The meaning of the topic .1 Co-culture of Microalgae-Bacteria .1 Wastewater treatment using microalgae-based systems .2 Interactions within co-culture .3 Wastewater treatment by co-culture .4 Co-culture systems and configurations in wastewater treatment .5 Challenges and operational conditions of co-culture system .2 Microalgae – Bacteria flocculation .2 Factors influencing bio-flocculation .4 Challenges in bio-flocculation .3 Activated Microalgae granules .1 Characteristics of Activated Microalgae granules (AMGs) .2 Influence factors on AMGs. MATERIALS AND METHOD .1 Overall reseach content .2 Microbial and synthetic wastewater .1 Microalgae and symbiotic bacteria strain .3 Experimental set-up and operating conditions of photobioreactors (PBR) system32 3.1 Experimental set up. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
Microalgae activity profile. Impact of shear stress on granulation process of AMGS. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .100 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of microalgae-bacteria interactions and exchanged molecules during wastewater treatment (Ferro, 2019) .2 Microalgae-based technology for aerobic wastewater treatment comparing with conventional activated sludge (Tiron et al, 2017) .3 Microalgae-bacteria granular formation .1 Overall research contents .2 Schematic diagram of photobioreactor (PBR) system .3 Scheme of sample preparation for bound EPS determination .4 Flow profile of a fluid in PBR shows that the fluid acts in layers that slide over one another (turbulent flow) .1 a) COD removal performance b) Remaining COD concentration in effluent of 4 different agitation speeds during the whole experiment .2 Nitrogen removal performance in terms of a) NH4 removal efficiency (%) and effluent concentration (mg/L) of b) NO2 and c) NO3 .3 a) TP removal performance b) Remaining TP concentration in effluent of 4 different agitation speeds during the whole experiment .4 Concentration of Chlorophyll a (µg/L) at various stages in the PBRs .5 Activated algae in form of (a) flocs R80, and AMGS (b) R120, (c) R160, (d) R200 in day 218 under microscope x10 magnification .6 Comparison between AM/AMGs (left) with seed microalgae (right) .7 Total biomass concentration (mg/L) in a) mixed culture, b) Correlation between Chl-a concentration and biomass .8 Particle size distribution (PSD) of 4 PBRs in a) day 165th (batch 67th), b) day 216th (batch 90th) and c) linear correlation between shear stress and size distribution during the whole treatment .9 Settling rate (m/h) of AM/AMGs during the experiment .10 Bound EPS distribution over 5 stages of operation of a) R80, b) R120, c) R160, d) R200 .11 Granulation process of AMGS in R80 (a, b), R120 (c, d), R160 (e, f, g, h, i, j), R200 (k, l) .12 Microscope observation (10x magnification) from stage 1 to stage 5 of AM and AMGS of 4 PBRs .13 Pictures of activated microalgae on day 218 (a) R80 (b) R120 (c) R160 (d) R200 .76 x LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Component of BBM medium (Bold 1949, Bischoft & Bold 1963) .2 Components of feed synthetic wastewater in experiment (1) + (2) .3 Operating condition for experiment (1) + (2) .4 Batch cycle of SBR mode .5 Shear stress of 4 different agitation speeds based on above formulations .6 Sampling point and frequency.
43 xi ABBREVIATIONS PBR Photobioreactor EPS Extracellular polymeric substance AOB Ammonia oxidizing bacteria NOB Nitrite oxidizing bacteria COD Chemical oxygen demand DO Dissolved oxygen WWTP Wastewater treatment plant AGS Activated granular sludge AMG Activated Microalgae granule AS Activated sludge ASP Activated sludge process TN Total nitrogen TP Total phosphorus N Nitrogen P Phosphorus RO Reverse osmosis SBR Sequencing batch reactor Chl-a Chlorophyll a R80 PBR with agitation speed of 80rpm R120 PBR with agitation speed of 120rpm R160 PBR with agitation speed of 160rpm R200 PBR with agitation speed of 200rpm 1 CHAPTER 1.1 General context Nowadays, biological processes have been mainly applied in wastewater treatment plants especially activated sludge process (ASP).