VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY — HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY o0o PHAM MINH TAI THE PREPARATION OF NiO/SBA-15 CATALYST FOR METHANE REFORMING AND KINETICS Major: Petrochemical Engineering Major ID: 60520330 Ho Chi Minh City, 2019 CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRUONG DAI HỌC BACH KHOA — ĐẠI HỌC QUOC GIA TP. HCM Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học: GS. Lưu Cam Lộc Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 1: TS. Nguyễn Hữu Lương Cán bộ cham nhận xét 2: TS.
Nguyễn Mạnh Huan Luận văn Thạc sỹ được bảo vệ tại trường Đại học Bách khoa — Đại học Quốc gia Tp. Hỗ Chí Minh vào ngày 15 tháng 01 năm 2019. Thanh phan hội đồng đánh giá Luận văn Thạc sỹ gồm: PGS. Phan Minh Tân PYweSM TS.
Nguyễn Hữu Lương TS. Nguyễn Mạnh Huấn TS. Nguyễn Thành Duy Quang TS. Phạm Hồ Mỹ Phương Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn và Trưởng Khoa quan lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn được sửa chữa (nêu có).
CHỦ TỊCH HỘI DONG TRƯỞNG KHOA KỸ THUẬT HOÁ HỌC PGS. TS Phan Minh Tân GS. Phan Thanh Sơn Nam VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY _ Independence - Freedom - Happiness No: /BKDT mm M. THESIS PROJECT Name: PHAM MINH TAI Student ID: 1770332 Date of birth: 10/03/1994 Place: Ho Chi Minh City Major: Petrochemical Engineering Major ID: 60520330 1.
Title of thesis: THE PREPARATION OF NiO/SBA-15 CATALYST FOR METHANE REFORMING AND KINETICS 2. To prepare NiO/SBA-15 catalyst by impregnation method with different contents of NiO. To characterize physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Temperature Programed Desorption (TPD), Nitrogen Adsorption method (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). To test activity of prepared catalysts for dry reforming of CH, to define the most suitable catalyst among tested ones.
To study kinetics for dry reforming of methane on the most suitable catalyst. Start date: August 1* 2018 4. Finish date: |December 31 ,2018 5. Sc LUU CAM LOC The thesis was approved by Department of Petroleum Processing Ho Chi Minh City, February 20", 2019 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR Dr.
Dao Thi Kim Thoa Prof. Sc Luu Cam Loc DEAN OF FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Prof. Phan Thanh Son Nam Master Thesis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Sc Luu Cam Loc for guiding and teaching me about my research.
It was impossible to be completed without her support. By working with her, I have studied more knowledges and experiences to come a long way to be an academically better person. I am so grateful to Dr. Phan Hong Phuong, M.
Nguyen Phung Anh for supporting me with important suggestions and valuable advices that help me to control and carry out my experiment meticulously as well as teach me how to use laboratory equipment. I would also like to thank to the Petro-chemistry and catalysts Department. It was helpful to work with many motivated partners in the laboratory, such as Mr. for hard time working together.
Thank you for considerable encouragement. Ho Chi Minh City, 2018 Pham Minh Tai Pham Minh Tai Page i Master Thesis ABSTRACT This research concentrated on study on dry reforming of CH¿ to define catalytic performance and kinetics research. The NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO were synthesized by impregnation method. Several analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), Nitrogen Adsorption method (BET), Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize catalyst physicochemical properties.
The activity of catalysts for the dry reforming of CH, was investigated in the temperature range of 550-800 °C, the volume ratio of CH4:COz2 = 1:1 with the volume concentration of CHa in feed mixture was 3 vol.% and a total flowrate of 6. The XRD result showed that the formation of NiO phrase increased the number of active sites contributing to a high activity of catalyst. NiO/SBA-15 catalyst with 40 wt.% of NiO showed the highest catalytic performance among tested catalysts. The conversion of CH4 and CO; were approximately 95% and 87% respectively at 800 °C.
In addition, the selectivity of CO and Ha were over 90% respectively and the H2/CO ratio was 1.03 at these reaction conditions. Kinetic research for dry reforming of CH4 on 40 wt.% NiO/SBA-15 catalyst was carried out by gradientless micro-flow circulating reaction system. The influence of temperature, partial pressure of reactants (CH4, COz) and products (H2, CO) were examined. The reaction rate increased according to increasing of temperature ranging from 600 to 750 °C.
Investigation results showed that reaction rate increased with increasing the partial pressure of both the reactants (CH4, CO2) from 15 to 30 hPa. In particular, the reaction rate was affected by partial pressure of CHa higher than CO¿. Increasing the partial pressure of the reactants could increase the effect of side reactions such as methane cracking and reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction of CO2. On the contrary, increasing the partial pressure of products (H2, CO) from 0 to 15 hPa, led to decrease in reaction rate.
This result demonstrated that the reaction rate was inhibited by H2 and CO, but this effect was negligible. Pham Minh Tai Page ili Master Thesis The kinetic result was calculated from experimental data by “Solver” function of Excel application. The kinetic equation of CH4 conversion on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst was given as below: k,.Poo, +ky-Poo + k;.Pụ, X Pham Minh Tai Page iv Master Thesis PROTESTATION I certify that this is my own research project. The results and the conclusions of this research are true and are made from my real experiments.
There is no copy, plagiarism from any previous references. All references sources have been made and citations are cited. If there is any fraudulent activity during the implementation research, I take full responsibility. Author of research Pham Minh Tai Pham Minh Tai Page 11 Master Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTTỀS.00046004 06090 iii TABLE OF CONTIENTIS.
0e Vv LIST OF ABBREVIA TIƠNG. G0000 0 ọ 0 004 060004006056 Vii LIST OF EIGUHƯS. 60 050 Vili LIST OF TABSLUEES. 00 0000496609006 xi CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW.1 Natural gas resources 1n Vietnam .3 Dry reforming Of methane.4 Catalyst for dry reforming of methane.
----- + ++*2111155EEexesesesssss 7 IE5NW\ ¡(J0 1 .3 Nickel metal based on SBA-15 support cataÌysf.5 Kinetics research for dry reforming of methane .6 Objectives and scopes Of research. 25 CHAPTER 2 : EXPERIMENTAL SECTION. 26 “ri na ắố.2 Tool and equIpIm€fif.4 Catalyst preparation prOC€dUTC. -- ---Gc 011 10001111111999231 111111111 ng ng giờ 29 2.2 Surface Area Measurement (BE TÌ).3 Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) .4 Temperature Programmed Desorption (COz -TPD).5 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).6 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM ).ccccceesssessssnscceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 38 Pham Minh Tai Page v Master Thesis 2.3 Procedure for evaluation of catalyst performance and kinetics research of catalyst for dry reforming of methane.1 Schematic quark circulation system điaøram.2 Examination the influence of diffusion to reacfion.3 Examination reaction for testing catalytic activity and kinetic research.4 Testing catalytic performance of Catalyst.5 Examination of reaction rate according to temperature, reactant, product .6 Analyze gas mixture and concentration of carbon dioxide.
49 CHAPTER 3 : RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.1 Catalyst physicochemical properties .1 Crystalline structure of catalysts by XID.2 Surface area and pore volume of the catalysts .3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the catalysSfs.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images .5 Characterization of reduction properties by Ha-TPR.6 Result of adsorption and desorption of CO; by TPD.2 Catalytic performance f€SfInE.1 Conversion of CHa, CO2 graph.2 CO, Hz selectivity and Hz/CO ratio graph.3 Kinetics research on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst for dry reforming of methane .1 The influence of internal and external diffusion to reacfion.2 The influence of temperature to reaction rate .3 The influence of partial pressure of CH4 to reaction rafe.4 The influence of partial pressure of CO2 to reaction raf€.5 The influence of partial pressure of CO to reaction rafe.6 The influence of partial pressure of Hz to reaction rate .-‹- 80 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 600004 06080 97 Pham Minh Tai Page vi Master Thesis LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XRD X-ray diffraction TPR Temperature Programed Reduction TPD Temperature Programed Desorption GC Gas Chromatography FID Flame ionization detector TCD Thermal conductivity detector BET Brunauer - Emmett — Teller (surface area mesurement) SEM Scanning Electron Microscope TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy Syngas Synthesis gas F-T Fisher-Tropsch GTL Gas to liquid WGS Water Gas Shift RWGS Reverse Water Gas Shift Pham Minh Tai Page vii Master Thesis LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Quantity (billion m) of natural gas field.-- --- 5-2 s++s++<<+ss£zsxeessss2 2 Figure 1.2 Different methods to produce synthesis ØaS .3 Mechanism of Sm/Ni-SBA-15 catalyst. cece ccccccceesssseeeeceeeessesneeeeeeseeens 12 Figure 1.4 Langmuir — Hinshelwood mechanism .5 Eley — Rideal mechanISm. --- + c1 11333331 1111111111811 1 11111 ng kg 16 Figure 2.1 Scheme for SBA-15 support preparation procedure.2 Scheme for NiO/SBA-15 catalyst preparation procedure.3 Diffraction of X-ray by a Crystal .4 The illustration of full-width at half the maximum I1nfenSity.5 X-ray SD€CÍTOINCT.- 1310911 1111111111001 11 ng ng kg 30 Figure 2.6 XRD device of Brucker Íirm.- -- -- -- -c c1 1323311111111 11 11 1g xk2 31 li a0ii/2/0s) 500007071777.8 BET device of Quantachrome ẨIrim.9 H2-TPR example signal diaøram.
1S TH TH ng kg 37 Figure 2.11 Signals emitted from Electron beam.- 1001100331 11111111111 11111 11H T1 ng ng 9kg 39 Figure 2.13 Scheme of the experimental setup for the catalytic measurements .1 The narrow angle XRD-spectra of SBA-15 support.2 XRD spectra of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO.3 Sper, Pore volume of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different content of NiO Pham Minh Tai Page vili Master Thesis Figure 3.4 SEM images of NiO/SBA-15 catalyst: 30NiO/SBA-15 (a), 40NiO/SBA-15 01h00) /9/A2 57G n1 (27 .5 TEM images of NiO/SBA-15 catalyst: 30NiO/SBA-15 (a), 40Ni/SBA-15 01h00) /9/A2 57G n1 (27 .6 TPR pattern of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different content of NIO.7 TPD pattern of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO.8 CH4 conversion of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO .9 CO2 conversion of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO .10 CO selectivity of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NIO.11 Hz selectivity of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO .12 H2/CO ratio of NiO/SBA-15 catalysts with different contents of NiO.13 The dependence of reaction rate (r) according to conversion of CHa (Xœm, ) at different temperatures on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst. ec cccccsessesecceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 69 Figure 3.14 The dependence of logarithm of reaction rate (log(r)) on inverse temperature (1/T) on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst. cc ecccccceesssscccceeeceeeecceeeeeeseessssseeeeeees 70 Figure 3.15 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on conversion of CH4 (Xen, ) at different partial pressures of CH4 on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalyst.16 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on partial pressure of CH4 on AONIO/SBA-15 Catalyst.17 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on conversion of CH4 (Xen, ) at different partial pressures of COz2 on 40NiO/SBA-15 catalysf.18 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on partial pressure of CO2 on AONIO/SBA-15 Catalyst.19 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on conversion of CH4 (Xcu, ) at different partial pressures of CO on 40NiO/SBA-15 cafalysf.20 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on partial pressure of CO on AONIO/SBA-15 Catalyst. 79 Pham Minh Tai Page 1x Master Thesis Figure 3.21 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on conversion of CH4 (Xe, ) at different partial pressures of Ha on 40NiO/SBA-15 cataÌysf.22 The dependence of reaction rate (r) on partial pressure of H2 on AQNiO/SBA-15 catalyst Pham Minh Tai Page x Master Thesis LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Natural Gas Reserves and CO; content at some reservoirs in Viet Nam.2 Reported kinetic models for dry reforming of methane.1 Samples of catalyst prepared with different contents of NIO.2 Catalytic weight (g), catalytic layer height (mm) and mixed quartz volume C001 ce 42 Table 2.3 Flow of gas composition to examine reaction rate according to temperature B.