THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY VU THI DIEU LINH TOPIC TITLE: RESEARCH THE EFFECT OF APATITE MINING EXPLOITATION ACTIVITIES ON WATER ENVIRONMENT AT LAO CAI APATITE MINES - LAO CAI PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full –time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2010 - 2015 Thai Nguyen, 23/01/2015 i n DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Vu Thi Dieu Linh Student ID DTN1054110054 Research the effect of apatite mining exploitation activities Thesis Title on water environment at LaoCai apatite mines LaoCai province Supervisor Phan Dinh Binh, Ph. Abstract: The objective of the study was Assessing the impact of mining activities on the water environment in Apatite mine - Lao Cai province then proposing solution to limit the negative effects of mining work on water environment in Lao Cai province. We used different method : Method of comparison, Methods of data processing, Sampling and laboratory analysis, Field work and environmental rapid assessment, Research material to research the negative impacts of the mineral exploitation to soil and water environment surrounding the exploitation area. Keys words Exploitation, Apatite ore, water environment, Solution Number of Pages: 59 pages Date of January 15, 2015 Submission: ii n ACKNOWLEDGMENT To have completed this thesis, in addition to the ongoing efforts of myself, I would like to express my sincere deepest gratitude to Mr.
Phan Dinh Binh from Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), who was always interested and enthusiastically impart valuable knowledge to the students during the study period and completing this thesis experiment. Finally, I would like to sincerely thank my family, all of my friends who instill interest, motivation and at the same time as giving spiritual help for me complete the tasks assigned during learning and research doing this thesis experiment. Student VU THI DIEU LINH iii n TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES. 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Research question and hypothesis. The research question. Overview of natural and socio-economic conditions of LaoCai. Natural conditions and Resources.
Introduction to apatite reserves and apatite mines in Lao Cai. Overview of mining in Vietnam. The impact of mining activities on water environment. Domestic and international research on the effects of mineral mining on water environment.
The international research on the effects of mining on the environment and water. The domestic study on the impacts of mining to the water environment 19 2. The current status of mineral mining and processing in the province of Lao Cai. Field work and environmental rapid assessment.
Sampling and laboratory analysis. Methods of data processing. Method of comparison. 24 iv n PART IV.
The situation of exploitation and environmental protection in the minerals mining in Lao Cai province. The situation of mining in the Lao Cai province. The development of mineral mining and processing in Lao Cai. Situation of environmental protection in mineral mining of Lao Cai province.
Assessing the impacts of mining activities to the water quality in Lao Cai province. Mining site Mo Coc. Ngoi Dum mining site. Mining site No 10 - Cam Duong 1.
Bac Nhac Son Plant area. (Un)loading-Consuming Enterprise area. Proposed solutions to reduce water pollution from mining activities in the province of Lao Cai. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.
48 v n LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Location of Water Sample. The method to analyze a number of indicators in water. Results on surface water in the mining site.
29 Mo Coc in the year of 2014. Results on the end of sedimentation tank near Mo Coc mining site in the year 2014. Results on the operation house at Mo Coc in the year of 2014. Results on surface water in the mining site Ngoi Dum in the year 2014.
Results on groundwater in the area of Ngoi Dum mining site in the year of 2014. The quality of groundwater in the Ilmelit Cay Cham mining areas in the year of 2014. Surface water in mining areas No 10 – Cam Duong 1. 35 in the year of 2014.
Groundwater in the mining site No 10 – Cam Duong 1. Results of Dong Ho stream - 200m from transit point of Bac Nhac Son Plant in the year of 2014. Results on wastewater at the end of the sedimentation pond Bac Nhac Son Plant in the year of 2014. Results on (Un)loading-Consuming Enterprise area in the year of 2014.
39 1 n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DO Dissolve oxygen US EPA The US Environment Protection Agency MPN Most Probable Number QCVN Quy chuẩn Việt Nam (National Standard) TSS Total Suspended Solid TCVN Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam (National Standard) TCCP Tiêu chuẩn cho phép (Permissible Standard) UBND Ủy Ban Nhân Dân (People’s Committee) 2 n PART I. Research rationale In recent years, the economic reforms by the Party and State have been creating favorable conditions for fast, strong and powerful economic development. Along with economic development, accordingly environmental problems have occurred with increasing complexity. Environmental risk is in alarming condition in the developing countries, where demands for life are increasingly and strongly conflicting with the need to protect natural resources and environment.
However, because “environment” is a concept with extremely large and complex denotation, it is agreed here that the environment includes such problems as: pollution of air, water, soil and noise. Apatite mining activities are of great importance in the industrialization – modernization of the country, but the extraction without overall planning, caring for the environment and landscape have been damaging natural resources: agricultural lands lost and deforestation causing contamination of water sources including surface water, ground water and also seas pollution affecting living organ resources and public health. Therefore, the fighting against environmental pollution is an extremely complex problem, requiring everyone to involve in a joined effort; then the minimization of the negative effects of the pollution can be hoped to succeed. For that reason, applying the method of Environmental Impact Assessment in order to find out remedying solution have sustainable development for Apatite mines is reasonable.
The research "Research the effect of apatite mining exploitation activities on water environment at LaoCai apatite 3 n mines - LaoCai province" has been selected to be the author’s thematic professional practice. Research’s Objectives - Assessing the impact of mining activities on the water environment in Apatite mine - LaoCai province - Proposing measures to limit the negative effects of mining work on water environment in LaoCai province. Research question and hypothesis 1. The research question - How do the mining exploitation activities affect on water environment? What do you do to reduce water pollution from mining exploitation activities in the LaoCai province? 1.
Hypothesis - The study will give the State management agencies and relating bodies about the environmental status of LaoCai province under the influences of the mining operation. It can be the basis for the agencies to take appropriate measures to manage and protect the water environment in the mining areas. Limitation This is a new problem being studied in a limited time and with unsatisfactory expertise, so shortcomings might not be avoided 4 n PART II. Overview of natural and socio-economic conditions of LaoCai 2.
Natural conditions and Resources 2. Geographical location Lao Cai is a mountainous border province in northwest of Vietnam, with geographical coordinates of 21040’- 22050’ north latitude, 103020’ - 104038’ east longitude, bordering Yunnan province of China in the north with a border line length of 203 km, Lai Chau Province in the west, Yen Bai province in the south, and Ha Giang province in the east. The total natural area of the province is 6360. There are 08 districts and 01 city, 164 administrative units of communes, wards and townships.
Lao Cai has important geographical location on major transportation routes Con Minh - Hai Phong, the gateway to connect Vietnam with ASEAN countries and the South West of China. Therefore Lao Cai has many advantages for economic development, trade, border trade with the neighboring countries, especially China (Ministry of Construction, 2007). Topography Lao Cai has the terrain of uplift tectonic blocks, with the main slope from northwest to southeast; the two main mountain ranges are Hoang Lien Son range Con Voi range along with the northwest – southeast direction, located in the east and west region creating the average lowlands the between two mountain ranges. This kind of terrain has given Lao Cai large elevation difference, with Fansipan as the highest point of 3.143m in the Hoang Lien Son range, which is like the roof of Indochina, with the lowest elevation point of 52,2m (above sea 5 n level) in Bao Ha commune, Bao Yen district.
The topography of the province is complex and much fragmented, forming sliding blocks with high possibilities for landslide. The degree of stratification is large and high-lower differences are quite clearly, where the area of 300m to 1,000m high accounts for the most parts of the province (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006). Climate Due to the strongly fragmented terrain and steep slopes Lao Cai has many different sub-climates: tropical, subtropical, and sub-temperate. The dry season starts in October and ends in March of the next year; the rainy season is from April to September.
The rainfall is of 1,800mm to 2,000mm on average. The average temperature in the high mountains is of 15-200C, is the low area is of 23-290C (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006). Hydrology With a dense and evenly distributed river system, the province has over 10,000 rivers and streams, large or small, of which 107 are 10 km and more of length. There are two major rivers flowing through the province: the Red River and the Chay River.
Many other smaller rivers and streams but having strong influences on the hydrological mode of the province are Nam Thi River, Ngoi Dum, Ngoi Bo, NgoiNhu streams, etc. The density of rivers and streams reduces from the highland to the lowland areas. With these characteristics of the rivers system and hydrological mode, Lao Cai has favorable conditions for the development of small and medium hydropower projects. However, due to the characteristics of narrow rivers and streams, with steep slopes, there usually floods, tube flood, flash flood occurring during the rainy season causing major 6 n damages to the production and life of the people (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006).
Land resources Lao Cai has the natural area of 638,389.59 hectares with fertile and diversified lands, including 10 soil groups with 30 major soil types suitable for many crops. The soil groups are alluvial soil, muddy soil, black soil, red-gold soil, red-yellow humus, alit humus on the mountain, rough humus on the mountain, red-gold soil changed due to rice cropping, eroded soil and converge slope soil (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006). Forest resources The statistics as dated 01/01/2013, covered forest land is 334,893.22 hectares, accounting for 52.4% of the province's natural land (138,758.76 hectares of production forest, 150,547.31 ha of protection forest, 45,587.15 ha of special use forest) (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006). The province’s forest plays an important role in protection, environmental protection, common security and defense of the country, contributing to flood and drought reduction to the downstream.
However, due to the exploitation and cultivation practices, forest resources have been reduced, forest quality is low. Due to excessive forest animals hunting, many species have migrated to other places, many rare species are in danger of extinction. Therefore, we need to take the measures to protect and exploit forest reasonably and effectively (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2006).