PETERSON’S MASTER AP CALCULUS AB & BC 2nd Edition W. Michael Kelley Mark Wilding, Contributing Author An ARCO Book ARCO is a registered trademark of Peterson’s, and is used herein under license by Peterson’s. About Peterson’s, a Nelnet company Peterson’s (www.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid.
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OTHER RECOMMENDED TITLES Master AP English Language & Composition Master AP English Literature & Composition Master AP Chemistry Master AP U. Government & Politics Master AP U. xiii Before You Begin. xv How This Book Is Organized.
xv Special Study Features. xvi You’re Well on Your Way to Success. xvi Give Us Your Feedback. xvi Mike Kelley’s How to Use This Book.
xvii Quick Reference Guide. xx Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score. xxiv PART I: AP CALCULUS AB & BC BASICS 1 All About the AP Calculus AB & BC Tests. 3 Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Calculus Tests.
3 Summing It Up. 9 PART II: AP CALCULUS AB & BC REVIEW 2 Calculus Prerequisites. 13 Functions and Relations. 19 Answers and Explanations.
24 Answers and Explanations. 29 Answers and Explanations. 30 Hands-On Activity 2. 31 Selected Solutions to Hands-on Activity 2.
35 Answers and Explanations. 45 Answers and Explanations. 51 Answers and Explanations. 56 Answers and Explanations.
57 Vectors and Vector Equations (BC Topic Only). 63 Answers and Explanations. 63 Technology: Solving Equations with a Graphing Calculator. 66 Answers and Explanations.
67 Summing It Up. 70 3 Limits and Continuity. 71 Hands-On Activity 3.1: What Is a Limit?. 71 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 3.
76 Answers and Explanations. 77 Evaluating Limits Analytically. 80 Answers and Explanations. 86 Answers and Explanations.
86 Hands-On Activity 3.2: The Extreme Value Theorem. 88 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 3. 92 Answers and Explanations. 92 Hands-On Activity 3.3: The Intermediate Value Theorem.
93 Solutions to Hands-On Activity 3. 97 Answers and Explanations. 97 Limits Involving Infinity. 102 Answers and Explanations.
107 Answers and Explanations. 107 Technology: Evaluating Limits with a Graphing Calculator. 111 Answers and Explanations. 113 Summing It Up .com Contents vii.
119 Derivative as a Rate of Change. 123 Answers and Explanations. 124 The Power Rule. 127 Answers and Explanations.
127 Derivatives to Memorize. 131 Answers and Explanations. 132 The Chain Rule. 135 Answers and Explanations.
136 The Product Rule. 139 Answers and Explanations. 139 The Quotient Rule. 142 Answers and Explanations.
142 A Word About Respecting Variables. 146 Answers and Explanations. 149 Answers and Explanations. 149 Hands-On Activity 4.
152 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 4. 154 Answers and Explanations. 154 Technology: Finding Numerical Derivatives with the Graphing Calculator. 157 Answers and Explanations.
160 Summing It Up. 164 5 Advanced Topics in Differentiation. 165 The Derivative of an Inverse Function. 168 Answers and Explanations.
168 Hands-On Activity 5. 170 Solutions to Hands-On Activity 5. 172 Answers and Explanations. 175 Answers and Explanations .com viii Contents.
180 Answers and Explanations. 184 Answers and Explanations. 184 Technology: Finding Polar and Parametric Derivatives with Your Calculator (BC Topic Only). 189 Answers and Explanations.
190 Summing It Up. 194 6 Applications of the Derivative. 200 Answers and Explanations. 200 Hands-On Activity 6.1: Rolle’s and Mean Value Theorems.
203 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 6. 207 Answers and Explanations. 208 Hands-On Activity 6.2: The First Derivative Test. 210 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 6.
214 Answers and Explanations. 220 Answers and Explanations. 225 Answers and Explanations. 225 Motion in the Plane (BC Topic Only).
228 Answers and Explanations. 234 Answers and Explanations. 234 Technology: Modeling a Particle’s Movement with a Graphing Calculator. 240 Answers and Explanations.
243 Summing It Up. 256 Answers and Explanations .com Contents ix. Hands-On Activity 7.1: Approximating Area with Riemann Sums. 258 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 7.
263 Answers and Explanations. 264 The Trapezoidal Rule. 269 Answers and Explanations. 269 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
276 Answers and Explanations. 277 Hands-On Activity 7. 281 Solutions to Hands-On Activity 7. 284 Answers and Explanations.
285 The Mean Value Theorem for Integration, Average Value of a Function. 290 Answers and Explanations. 299 Answers and Explanations. 299 Integrating Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
304 Answers and Explanations. 304 Technology: Evaluating Definite Integrals with Your Graphing Calculator. 307 Answers and Explanations. 308 Summing It Up.
314 8 Advanced Methods of Integration. 315 Miscellaneous Methods of Integration. 319 Answers and Explanations. 325 Answers and Explanations.
325 Powers of Trigonometric Functions (BC Topic Only). 330 Answers and Explanations. 335 Answers and Explanations. 341 Answers and Explanations.
Technology: Drawing Derivative and Integral Graphs with Your Calculator. 346 Answers and Explanations. 346 Summing It Up. 352 9 Applications of Integration.
353 Hands-On Activity 9.1: Area Between Curves. 353 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 9. 358 Answers and Explanations. 358 The Disk and Washer Methods.
368 Answers and Explanations. 369 The Shell Method. 375 Answers and Explanations. 375 Finding the Volume of Regions with Known Cross Sections.
382 Answers and Explanations. 387 Answers and Explanations. 392 Answers and Explanations. 392 Technology: Using Your Calculator Efficiently.
398 Answers and Explanations. 398 Summing It Up. 407 Hands-On Activity 10.1: Separation of Variables. 407 Solutions to Hands-On Activity 10.
411 Answers and Explanations. 411 Hands-On Activity 10. 413 Selected Solutions to Hands-On Activity 10. 417 Answers and Explanations.
425 Answers and Explanations. 425 Exponential Growth and Decay. 431 Answers and Explanations .com Contents xi. 435 Answers and Explanations.
435 Technology: A Differential Equations Calculator Program. 442 Answers and Explanations. 443 Summing It Up. 447 11 Sequences and Series (BC Topics Only).
449 Introduction to Sequences and Series, Nth Term Divergence Test. 453 Answers and Explanations. 453 Convergence Tests for Infinite Series. 467 Answers and Explanations.
478 Answers and Explanations. 478 Taylor and Maclaurin Series. 486 Answers and Explanations. 486 Technology: Viewing and Calculating Sequences and Series with a Graphing Calculator.
492 Answers and Explanations. 493 Summing It Up. 497 PART III: FOUR PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test 1: AP Calculus AB. 512 Section II, Part A.
516 Section II, Part B. 518 Answer Key and Explanations. 519 Practice Test 2: AP Calculus AB. 543 Section II, Part A.
547 Section II, Part B. 549 Answer Key and Explanations. 550 Practice Test 3: AP Calculus BC .com xii Contents. 575 Section II, Part A.
579 Section II, Part B. 580 Answer Key and Explanations. 581 Practice Test 4: AP Calculus BC. 601 Section II, Part A.
605 Section II, Part B. 606 Answer Key and Explanations. 607 APPENDIX College-by-College Guide to AP Credit and Placement. So many people have inspired and supported me that I balk to think of how lucky and blessed my life has been.
The wisdom, love, and support of these people have shaped and made me, and without them, I am nothing. Special thanks to: • My beautiful bride Lisa, who teaches me every day that being married to your best friend is just the greatest thing in the world. • Mom, who taught me to rise above the circumstance. • Dad, who taught me always to tip the barber.
• My brother Dave (“The Dawg”), who taught me that life is pretty funny but never as funny as a joke that references the human butt. • My best friends Rob Halstead, Chris Sarampote, and Matt Halnon, who taught me what true friendship means (and why housecleaning is for the weak). • My principals, George Miller and Tommy Tucker, who have given me every opportunity and then seven more. • My students, who make my job and my life happier than they could ever imagine.
My English teachers Ron Gibson, Jack Keosseian, Mary Dou- glas, and Daniel Brown, who showed me how much fun writing can be. • Sue Strickland, who inspired in me a love of teaching and who taught my methods class over dinner at her house. • Mark Wilding, for not saying, “Are you crazy?” • The Finley boys: James, for his great questions, written specifically to challenge, deceive, nauseate, and “ensmarten” students, and Tim, for his computer prowess and ability to produce crazy, three-dimensional dia- grams in the blink of an eye. • The Big Mathematician in the Sky, who (mercifully) makes straight the paths of us mathematicians here on Earth.
• Finally, wrestling legend Koko B. Ware, because Chris thought that would be pretty funny. xiii Before You Begin. HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED Whether you have five months, nine weeks, or just four short weeks to prepare for the exam, Peterson’s Master AP Calculus AB & BC will help you develop a study plan that caters to your individual needs and timetables.
These step-by- step plans are easy to follow and are remarkably effective. • Top 10 Strategies to Raise Your Score offers you tried and true test-taking strategies. • Part I includes the basic information about the AP Calculus test that you need to know. • Part II provides reviews and strategies for answering the different kinds of multiple-choice and free-response questions you will encounter on the exam.
You will have numerous opportunities to practice what you are learning in the exercises that appear throughout the reviews. It is a good idea to read the answer explanations to all of the questions, because you may find ideas or tips that will help you better analyze the answers in the next Practice Test. • Part III includes four additional practice tests, two for AB and two for BC.