BANKING ACADEMY ADVANCED PROGRAM --------- - GRADUATION THESIS IMPROVING CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT HO CHI MINH CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL BANK (HDBANK) STUDENT NAME: TRAN DONG THAI HA CLASS: K20CLCB COURSE: 2017-2021 STUDENT CODE: 20A4010176 INSTRUCTOR: PHD. NGUYEN MINH PHUONG Hanoi, 2021 GUARANTEE STATEMENT The author certifies that the research findings in the thesis are the product of my own labor and have not been published in any other research program. The authors have agreed on and explicitly cited the research findings and other documents (citations, tables, formulas, graphs, and other documents) used in this study. If there is a crime, I would like to accept full liability for the above obligations before the Thesis Defense Council, Faculty of Banking, and the law.
Ha Noi, May 20th, 2021 Thesis Author Dong Thai Ha Tran i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Being able to study a high-quality bachelor's program at Banking Academy is a source of pride for me, as it provides young students with the ability to broaden their thought and advanced skills in a variety of highly practical subjects, allowing for potential self- development. My research is finished after months of hard work, now it's time for me to express my gratitude to everyone who has enthusiastically assisted us. “A good of books does not equal a good teacher,” so I'd like to express my appreciation and deep gratitude to Ms. Nguyen Minh Phuong, PhD in Banking and Finance, who has dedicated all of her time and enthusiasm to imparting valuable information to students and giving us constructive suggestions.
Thanks to her wholeheartedly supported, I've learned new methodologies, expanded my critical and logic thinking, gained advanced skills that will be extremely useful in my future work and life. Furthermore, I'd like to express my gratitude to all of the Banking Academy's teachers and lecturers who enthusiastically assisted me to complete this thesis. Last but not least, I'd like to express my gratitude to the all employees at HDBank's Linh Dam branch assisted and encouraged me to finish my job. While I tried my hardest during the writing process, due to my limited theoretical and research abilities, the thesis will undoubtedly have several flaws, so I hope to receive sympathy as well as enthusiastic comments from the teachers to make this thesis more complete.
Sincerely Thankful! ii TABLE OF CONTENT GUARANTEE STATEMENT. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .v LIST OF TABLES. Object and scope of research. Structure of the thesis .3 CHAPTER 1: CREDIT IN COMMERCIAL BANK.
Bank credit and the role of bank credit in the market economy.1 The concept of bank credit .2 Types of bank credit .3 The role of bank credit in the market economy .2 Credit risk in banking activities .1 Concept of risk and risk in credit activities.2 Credit risk classification .3 Characteristics of credit risk .4 Basis for determining the level of credit risk .5 Causes of credit risk .6 Consequences of credit risk .3 Some issues about credit risk management in commercial banks. Signs of ineffective credit and credit policies .2 Credit risk management policies in commercial banks .3 Process of credit risk management and handling in commercial banks .4 The necessity of credit risk management in commercial banks .26 CHAPTER 2: SITUATION OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT OF HO CHI MINH CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL BANK (HDBANK) .1 Overview of HDBank. History of formation and development. HDBank's strategic goals .3 The organizational structure of HDBank's management apparatus:.
Overview of HDBank's business situation. Credit risk management at HDBank .1 Credit granting process: .2 Current status of credit risk at HDBank .3 Credit risk management process at HDBank. Overall assessment of credit risk management at HDBank .2 The shortcomings in credit risk management at HDBank. Causes of credit risk at HDBank: .52 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT HO CHI MINH CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL BANK (HDBANK).
Development orientation of HDBank:. Development orientation in business activities. Development orientation of credit activities in the coming time:. Solutions to improve the quality of credit risk management at Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank:.
Solutions to prevent credit risks at HDBank:. Solutions to limit losses when credit risks occur. To the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. For the State bank of Vietnam:.
77 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SERIAL ABBREVIATIONS EXPLAINED 1 HDBANK Ho Chi Minh City Development Commercial Bank 2 STB State Bank of Vietnam 3 NPLR Non-Performance Loan Rate 4 CAR Capital adequacy ratio 5 ROE Return on Equity 6 NPL Non-Performance Loan 7 ROAA Return on average assets 8 ROAE return on average equity 9 M&A Mergers and Acquisitions 10 SME Small and Medium Enterprise 11 CIC Credit Industrial et Commercial 12 ICAAP International Capital Adequacy Assessment Process v LIST OF TABLES Serial Table Page 1.1 Signs of ineffective credit and credit policies 23 2.1 Organizational structure of HDBank’s management 29 2.2 Income Statement of HDBank 33 2.4 Credit activities at HDBank 38 2.5 Credit granting process at HDBank 40 2.8 Credit quality of HDBank 43 2.9 Flowchart of credit risk management process 45 vi INTRODUCTION 1. Problem Discussion Under the pressure of the process of integration and development, the establishment and operation of banks play the role of the lifeblood of the economy. Commercial banks serve as intermediaries to bring money and currency into circulation in the economy, assisting society's development through activities such as capital mobilization, credit granting, international payment, foreign currency exchange, and other services. Credit operations account for the majority of credit activities in commercial banks, and they play a critical role in deciding the bank's income stream because they generate primarily revenues for the bank.
However, because of the numerous potential risks of failure and debt recovery for banks, credit risk management practices must be well- executed and tightly regulated in order to mitigate and avoid losses, boost credibility, and generate competitive advantages, allowing banks to expand sustainably. Over the years of its establishment and growth, HDBank has demonstrated its economic potential as well as its successful credit activity, making a significant contribution to the country's economic development. However, due to the uncertainty of the socioeconomic situation as well as the raging epidemic, HDBank is having a lot of trouble managing credit risks, possible risks of bad debts, and overdue debts, which are directly affecting the bank's growth and credibility. As a result, the author chooses the thesis research topic "IMPROVING CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT HO CHI MINH CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL BANK (HDBANK)" with the aim of connecting credit risk management theories to the actual activity of the bank and proposing solutions to improve management here.
Research purpose The aim of this research is to systematize and explain the basic theoretical issues surrounding credit risk management in commercial banks. The study starts with a theoretical foundation and delves into clarifying the market situation as well as the bank's credit risk management practices, identifying the real triggers and proposing 1 ways to enhance and improve credit risk management. HDBank's credit management is extremely effective. Object and scope of research Research subject: Credit risk management activity in HDBank Research scope: - About space: at Ho Chi Minh City Commercial and Development Bank (HDBank) - About time: period 2018-2020 (3 years) Orientation of activities and propose solutions to improve credit efficiency in the next 5 years.
Research Methodology The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, with the following key components: - Collect and synthesize actual data on HDBank's market operations and credit management based on financial reports for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. - Gather knowledge and feedback from bank credit officers and risk management officers about the difficulties and drawbacks of HDBank's credit management mechanism. - The author analyzes and evaluates credit management practices at HDBank using statistical and comparative approaches based on statistical data and information gathered from within the bank. - Provide HDBank with solutions and guidelines for improving credit risk management.
Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion and categories, the research paper is divided into three basic parts as follows: Chapter 1: Credit in Commercial Bank. 2 Chapter 2: Situation of credit risk management of Ho Chi Minh City Development Commercial Bank (HDBank). Chapter 3: Solutions to complete credit risk management at Ho Chi Minh City Development Commercial Bank (HDBank). Literature review Credit activities act as the backbone and primary source of banks’ revenue.
Credit comes with a lot of risks because it is a source of profit. Risks in credit practices are unavoidable in practice, so the subject of credit risk management is often a hot topic that attracts a lot of interest and study, not just from students, but also from economists. Several notable research projects on this subject have been completed in recent years: Domestic studies: The PhD thesis in economics of Banking Academy's Le Thi Huyen Dieu (2010) focuses on theories of credit risk management from the viewpoint of transaction risk in a scientific argument on "Determining credit risk management model in Vietnam's commercial banking system". At this time, the author's thesis provides highly realistic economic advice, but there are still some drawbacks since the study has only been conducted on one aspect, which has not yet been thoroughly examined.
Other sources of risk are accumulating. Many legal documents have been supplemented and modified to accommodate the business economy, so the thesis' material no longer corresponds to the structure and operational activities of banks. In his paper "Improving the effectiveness of credit risk management at Nam Viet Commercial Joint Stock Bank (NAVIBANK)", Nguyen Hong Luan (2010) stated that credit activities must adhere to basic principles in order to ensure safety and reduce credit risk. There is no way to absolutely eradicate credit risk.
The Bank can only take steps to strengthen its ability to prevent and handle credit risks in order to better monitor credit risks and avoid large losses. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep (2018), Master's thesis in Banking and Finance, "Credit Risk Management at National Commercial Joint Stock Bank," has taken lessons from 3 international corporate governance principles credit risk assessment and analysis of the experience of a variety of domestic and international banks, with NCB as a guide. In the study orientation program for the Master's thesis in Banking and Finance, Ha Thuy Duong (2017) chose the subject "Credit Risk Management at Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank," which highlighted the causes of credit risk. Credit risk exists at this bank for the following reasons: the credit mechanism is arbitrary, post- lending regulation is ineffective, and credit risk assessment is inaccurate.
The author suggests that TPBank improve the quality of knowledge and credit apparatus, enhance post-lending monitoring, and provide successful risk analysis and forecasting processes as a result of this. The master thesis of non-traditional security management, "Credit risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade - Hoang Mai branch," by Mai Bac My (2020), divides risks into three major categories: credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. The thesis has deepened and recognized the causes and assessed the current status of Viettinbank Hoang Mai's operations by using a variety of research methods that closely match the functional basis, thus providing solutions to help. Improve the bank's credit risk management standard.
“Credit risk management at BIDV - Thang Long Branch” has come up with solutions to complete the credit risk management process, which stems from limitations and causes backlog in banking business,” says Trieu Nguyet Minh (2020). Specifically, the solution to complete the customer information system using an information technology platform to synchronize and store customer information through "digitization," assisting in the unification and speeding up of information access. The thesis also suggests that the BIDV Thang Long branch's internal credit rating system and credit management organization model be improved.