ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I assure you that this is my own research, the data and results stated in my graduation thesis are honest; originated and clearly quoted. The urgency of the topic The bank is an important entity and a leading channel of capital in each country's economy. In the current competitive environment of the banking industry, each bank needs to have the right orientations and goals to help the bank survive and develop. Besides operations such as accepting deposits, providing payment services through accounts, granting credits, banks must always pay special attention to lending activities.
Lending is one of the traditional activities that bring a crucial source of income for the bank. It can be said that this is the business that the bank has the closest approach to the life of the people, to support them in improving their material and spiritual life. Human needs are increasing with the development of social-economy, along with a series of requirements that need to be satisfied. The financial ability has become a very important factor to finance such needs, but most times the need for loans often appears before the private equity fund is formed.
There is a separation of time LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com factors for the loan needs and financial capacity of each person. The credit was then used as an advance of the future private equity fund to satisfy current needs. Because of that purpose, right from the time the State Bank issued the policy of stimulating demand for loan incentives and implemented by commercial banks, this type has received a positive response from the worker. Lending not only benefits the Bank but also has a profound social meaning, contributing to improving the lives of employees better and better.
At the same time, it is the link between the employees and the agencies and enterprises where they work. From there, it can increase labor capacity and the ability to contribute to society. Along with the trend of diversification in commercial bank operations and the fierce competition in resolving output for capital sources of banks. The lending activity used by banks is the main solution.
In recent years, lending activities have brought many benefits to the Bank and are on the way of further development. However, besides, the increasing competition of domestic commercial banks and the introduction of international banks have somewhat reduced its effectiveness. In the future, if Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) wants to continue to develop and gain the confidence of its employees, the Bank needs to change the way it operates. That's why I chose the topic: "SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE LENDING EFFICIENCY AT VIETCOMBANK", to come up with some solutions to improve the loan performance of Vietcombank.
Subjects and research purposes: Research subjects: Lending activities at Vietcombank. Research objectives: Assess loan effectiveness at Vietcombank to provide solutions and recommendations to improve and enhance loan efficiency. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Research scope: - Research on Vietcombank lending activities - Research period: In 03 2017, 2018, 2019.
Research Methodology The research methods used are mainly the information collection method and the information analysis method. Information is gathered through the internship directly at Vietcombank, through financial statements, through balance sheet, cash flow statement. The analysis method is based on collected data, then compared, collated, summarized, and made comments on the current status of loan performance at Vietcombank. The structure of the thesis Besides the introduction and conclusion, the thesis consists of 3 chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review of lending efficiency at commercial banks Chapter 2: Lending efficiency at Vietcombank in the period of 2017-2019 Chapter 3: Solutions to improve lending efficiency at Vietcombank CHAPTER 1.
LITERATURE REVIEW OF LENDING EFFICIENCY AT COMMERCIAL BANKS 1. Overview of commercial banks LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Definition of commercial banks The concept of commercial banks has many and depending on each aspect there will be different definitions. According to Clause 3, Article 4 of the 2010 Law on Credit Institutions, a commercial bank is a type of bank that is allowed to conduct all banking activities and other business activities in accordance with this Law to spend profits.
In France, they define commercial banks as enterprises whose occupation is to receive public money in the form of deposits (or other forms) and use that resource for themselves in the credit, credit, and finance. From the above considerations, I use the following definition: Commercial banks are financial intermediaries, operating under the model of an enterprise. Commercial banks trade in monetary, credit, and financial- banking services according to market principles. Commercial banks operate for profit purposes.
Function of commercial banks Commercial banks have three main functions: credit intermediation function, payment intermediary function, and money creation function. - Credit intermediation function This is considered the most important function of commercial banks. In the economy, there are always two entities, one is a temporary spending shortage, and the other is a temporary surplus. These two things exist independently of the bank and money from the second group will be transferred to the first group if both are LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com mutually beneficial.
At that time, financial relationships will be formed, which can be direct credit or indirect credit. Due to the limited information between different entities, it is necessary for financial intermediaries such as commercial banks to help connect capital holders and those who need capital. Thanks to the professional operation of commercial banks, the subjects are connected with each other and create benefits for the parties. For depositors, they have additional income from their free temporary money through bank deposit rates.
Moreover, deposits in banks, the deposit is secure and has convenient payment services. For borrowers, they will have business capital, spending payment without having to search for capital. For the economy, the function of credit intermediaries contributes to promoting economic growth because it helps to promote the process of capital circulation and promote production and business development. Since then, meet the capital needs to ensure the reproduction process is carried out continuously.
With this function, the Bank will act as a financial intermediary, both accepting deposits and being lenders, and enjoying the difference between the deposit rates and the lending rates. Therefore, lending is always the key activity and the traditional activity that creates a big profit for commercial banks. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Figure 1- The credit intermediation function of commercial banks (Source: author) - Payment intermediary function With this function, the bank acts as an "accountant and cashier" for businesses and individuals with bank accounts. The bank collects and pays the goods and services at the request of customers, the payment is deducted from the customer's deposit accounts.
The bank provides customers with many optimal payment methods such as checks, collection/payment orders, credit cards, etc. to help debtors pay quickly, save time, and ensure safety. Thereby, this function promotes the circulation of goods, speeds up the speed of payment, the speed of capital flow, contributing to economic development. Besides, the non-cash payment through banks reduces the amount of cash in circulation, helping to save printing costs, counting, preserving money.
Collecting payment fees also helps increase profits for the bank, increase the loan source shown on the balance in customers' deposit accounts. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com - Money creation function When performing the function of credit intermediaries and payment intermediaries, commercial banks can generate a credit (bookkeeping), shown on customers' payment deposit accounts at banks. From the initial deposit, the Bank lends by wire transfer, after which a portion of the amount will be returned to the bank as a deposit. The continued and repeated process will result in deposits that are many times larger than the original deposits.
Thereby, the commercial banking system has increased the total means of payment in the economy, meeting the payment and payment needs of the society. The functions of commercial banks are closely related and complementary, of which the credit intermediation function is the most basic function, creating the basis for the implementation of the following functions. When performing the function of intermediary payment and money creation function, the bank can increase credit capital, expand credit activities. Operation of commercial banks Capital mobilization and development activities The bank mobilizes idle funds to make credit capital for lending.
Capital sources of commercial banks include Statutory Capital; Reserve funds; Mobilized Capital; Borrowed Capital; Trust capital; Other Capital. Capital mobilization and development activities include activities such as the development of charter capital and funds, receipt of deposits, loans, receipt of trust funds, and management of other deposits. In particular, receiving deposits is an important and traditional activity in raising capital at banks. According to Clause 13, Article 4 of the 2010 Law on Credit Institutions: “Receiving deposits means activities of receiving money from organizations and individuals in the form of demand deposits, term deposits, and savings LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
savings, issuance of deposit certificates, promissory notes, treasury bills, and other forms of deposit receipt on the principle of a full refund of principal and interest to depositors as agreed. " • Capital management and use activities Capital management and use activities include Management of compulsory reserve assets and liquidity reserves, lending and discounting of valuable papers for organizations and individuals, financial leasing, bank guarantees for customers, investing activities, contributing capital, buying shares. In particular, lending and investment activities are the two most important capital-using activities, which determine the viability and operation of banks. • Service fee collection Fee collection service activities of commercial banks include domestic and international payment services, a collection of taxes, fees and charges; payment for remittance and remittance; services of providing credit cards, payment cards, ATM cards .; service of receipt and storage of precious assets and valuable papers; trading and buying and selling foreign currencies, gold, silver and gems; financial advisory, advice on issuing stocks and bonds; securities investment brokerage; insurance services.
• Other business activities In addition to the three main activities above, the bank also has a number of other business activities as follows: - Borrowing capital from Central Banks, Credit Institutions, Financial Institutions. - Trading and providing foreign exchange services and recycled products. - Bond trading LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com - Contributing capital, buying shares - Supplying services The operations of commercial banks are diverse and plentiful, each bank tries to create the most distinctive and preferential products to attract customers. However, to maintain efficient operation, the bank must have a stable capital source so the major activity of the bank is still capital mobilizing and using activities.
Lending activities at commercial banks 1. Definition of lending at commercial banks In Vietnam, Decision 1627 / 2001_QD_NHNN dated December 31, 2001 of the Governor of the Bank on the issuance of the lending regulations of credit institutions, stipulates that: Lending is a form of credit extension by commercial banks. commercial, ie the bank gives money to the borrower to use for a certain purpose and time as agreed, with the commitment that the customer must pay both principal and interest 1. Characteristic of lending at commercial banks - Lending activities are expressed in cash or representative money.
Due to the nature of its business, to meet the demand for capital in a timely and adequate manner, the bank mainly uses the form of currency for its operations. - Borrowers are individuals with very diverse and diverse loan needs. Due to diverse borrowers, the collection of bank information about customers is often complicated. On the other hand, because customers' loan demands are for various purposes such as consumption and business, the source of debt repayment is collected from borrowers.
Therefore, when making a loan, the bank must verify the borrower's income to assess the repayment ability of the customer. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.