ISSN 1859 - 011X NG Oe 44 awuxŠ HỌC : XI cane $6 190- Thang 3.190 Mar 2018 Banking Science & Training Review © Banking Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam Tap chi Khoa hoc & Dao tao Ngân hàng số 190 - thang 3/2018 ISSN 1859 - O11X Chính sách & Thị trường Tài 58 Các cách tiếp cận năng lực Ncananc chính - Tiền tệ trỉ thức trong tổ chức, định hướng ứng dụng vào lĩnh Các yếu tô tác động đến vực ngân hàng NHANG khả năng tiếp cận tín dụng chính thức của nông hộ khu NCS. Phạm Minh Trí $4 1⁄4- Thám 3, 211 vực nông thôn: Trường hợp TS. Thái Anh Hoà tỉnh Trà Vinh TS. Lê Quang Thông ThS.
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Pham Ngoc Phong Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam Quản trị Ngân hàng & GS. Stachuletz Rainer Doanh nghiệp Trường Kinh tế và Luật Berlin (BSEL) 52 Tác động của cơ cầu vốn 6S. Nguyễn Van Tien đến lợi nhuận của các Học viện Ngân hàng doanh nghiệp trên Sở Giao dịch Chứng khoán Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh TS. Lê Hoàng Vinh ThS.
Nguyễn Ngọc Sơn THONG TIN TOA SOAN Tạp chí Khoa học & Đào tạo Ngân hàng- Học viện Ngân hàng Địa chỉ: 12 Chùa Bộc, Đống Đa, Hà Nội - Tel. 0243 852 9861 - Email: tapchikhdt@hvnh.vn Website: http://tapchi.vn/ Giấy phép xuất bản: 324/GP - BVHTT In tại Công ty Cổ phần In Công đoàn Việt Nam Giá: 30.000 đồng The Determiants of Formal Credit Access of Rural Households: The Case of Tra Vinb Province Trinh Anh Khoa Ngay nhan: 04/10/2017 Ngay nhan ban sua: 16/11/2017 Ngay duyét dang: 22/03/2018 This paper presents the results of research on factors influencing the access to formal credit of households in rural areas. The data was collected from 309 households in rural areas of Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. The Binary Logistic Regression model was applied to estimate the effects of independent variables including the age, education level, sex of household head, the relationship with social groups, cultivated land area, certificate of saving, the average monthly income of households towards the dependent variable is formal credit access of households.
The results of the Binary Logistic Regression model showed that the access to formal credit of households in rural areas is largely influenced by the education level and sex of household head, the social relationships, cultivated land area and the average monthly income of households. The results will be valuable for local governments and credit institutions in enhancing the formal credit access of households in rural areas and contributing to sustainable socio- economic development. Keywords: Factors; formal credit access; households; Tra Vinh 1. Introduction source of raw materials for Vietnamese (Kinh), Khmer, the processing industry.
With Hoa converge, settled earlier ra Vinh isa the advantage of coastal land, than some other localities in coastal province located between two large the South. Kinh has the highest of the Mekong rivers, the terrain has many percentage in the population Delta, with a sand dunes and mounds, structure of the province with natural area of Tra Vinh province soon 694,261 people, accounted for 2,341 km”, rich in agricultural received the Vietnamese 67.57% of the population, that potential, strengths in (Kinh)- Khmer- Hoa arrived of the Khmer was 31.62%, aquaculture and exploitation by many roads. Therefore, Tra the Hoa accounting for 0.8% of marine products as a Vinh province is home to the and the rest was other ethnic © Hoc vién Ngan hang Tap chi Khoa hoc & Bao tae Ngan hang ISSN 1859 - 011X Si 190- Thang 3. 2018 Bì EU lịch lo lại hiên groups.
Major occupations of understanding of the banks’ suitable borrowers in order were agriculture (41. This study aims to to make lending decredit industry (13.5%) and services indentify the determinants of institutionsion. the formal credit access of After nearly 25 years of re- rural households in the case of Factors affecting the establishment of the province, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. access to formal credit of Tra Vinh has achieved The results will be valuable households remarkable socio-economic for policy makers, credit There are many factors achievements.
The Gross institutions (credit institutions) affecting the access to formal Provincial Product (GRDP) in and households in accessing to credit of households. Most of 2015 (at constant 2010 prices) formal credit and contributing them could be listed as follow: is estimated to have grown to sustainable socio-economic Economic conditions of by 8.38% year on year. The results of households: According to the increase of 8.38% in the the study are also the basis Nguyen and Nguyen (2011), whole economy, agriculture, for further research in a wider household’s economic forestry and fishery increased range. condition was the first factor by 1.62 affecting the accessibility to percentage points to overall 2.
Literature review formal credit of households. growth; The industrial and Typically, wealthy households construction sector increased Credit access tend to invest in risky but by 16.77%, contributing Credit accessibility refers to profitable fields while poor 3.12 percentage points; whether the person in need of a households focus on traditional Service sector increased by loan can or can not get a loan. fields with low profits and 15.64 In reality, however, borrowers low risk. Some studies percentage points (Tra Vinh have a need for capital but can used households’ income Provincial Committee of not get a loan or get a loan instead of the households’ Propaganda, 2017).
However, but can not meet the demand. economic conditions in the number and percentage This phenomenon is called the researching determinants of poor households in Tra credit rationing (Stiglitz and of accessibility to formal Vinh province is still high, Weiss, 1981). credit of households. They especially in rural areas.
In Vietnam, the formal credit suggested that households’ According to statistics, Tra rationing in the rural credit income will positively impact Vinh still has 35,506 poor market is also due to the on households’ accessibility households (13.23%), nearly limited capacity of credit to formal credit (Hoff and 20,600 near poor households providers and the limited credit Stiglitz, 1993; Nguyen and (7. 1095/ profiles of borrowers. The Nguyen, 2011; Nuryartono, QD-LDTBXH, 2016). process of providing credit Zeller and Stefan, 2005; There are many causes leading is complex, not suitable for Petrick, 2005).
to the impoverishment in Tra many people, especially the Cultivated land area and Vinh such as lack of land and procedures related to collateral saving certificate: Lenders production capital and limited is land. The slow issurance of working for profit and investment accumulation certificates of land ownership operating in asymmetric capacity. In addition, most leads to the inability of people information environment, so households in rural areas are to access bank loans; The they always require collateral mainly agricultural workers, criteria for determining the to ensure borrowers’ ability to hard-working but most of them short-lived farm economy repay the loans. Therefore, the are poor households with no model make it difficult for value of collateral will affect collateral to borrow credit, lack credit institutions to identify accessibility to formal credit 2_ Số 190- Tháng 3.
2018 Tap chi Khoa hoc & Bao tao Ngan hang PHÍNH SÁCH & THỊ TRƯỜNG TÀI PHÍNH - TIỀN TỆ of farmers (Petrick, 2005). for borrowing from credit it difficult for them to deal The value of the collateral institutions. with financial issues related can be expressed through the Age of household head: to contracts Nguyen and Phan land use certificate as the most According to the theory of (2015). Male owners are more important collateral of the life-cycle income, older people likely to invest in production households.
likely to have accessibility prudent in credit relations, to formal credit than those therefore less prevalent 3. Data and Methods without certificates of land credit term over the young. Nguyen (2011) also In addition, high-income The data was collected concluded that households homeowners will have more through a direct survey of 309 with a land use certificate experience in production, households in rural areas of would have a higher chance of so credit institutions will Tra Vinh province. All data borrowing money than those have confidence in them.
contain information about the who did not have a certificate They are likely to have more characteristics of households of land use right. change to access formal credit including age, sex, education The education level of (Guangwen and Lili, 2005; level of household head; the the household's head will Nguyen, 2011; Nuryartono, relationship with social groups, significantly influence the Zeller and Stefan, 2005; Phan, cultivated land area, certificate ability of the households to 2013). of saving, monthly income and access formal credit Tran Community membership: A the current formal credit access (1998). According to Nguyen factor that is less likely to status of households.
and Nguyen (2011), the level be included in household’s Binary Logistic Regression of education of the household accessibility to formal credit model has been used as head was directly related to the researches is participating statistical tool for this study. acquisition of socio-economic, in community associations. The model was used to test scientific and technical These associations may be the impacts of seven factors knowledges, so that borrow cooperatives, women’s unions, consisting of age, sex, decision could be made. farmers’ societies, etc.
These education level of households’ Households with low level of associations are systematically head; the relationship with education often find it difficult organized and have a positive social groups, cultivated land to obtain loans with current impact on supporting farmers area, certificate of saving, procedures because they do in production. Nguyen (2011) monthly income towards the not have the ability to self- when studied the accessibility dependent variable is formal application, self-development to formal credit of farmers credit access of households. of production plans. In in Dong Thap province, Binary Logistic Regression addition, these households concluded that households analysis gives information are also lack of knowledges participating in social about how much of the about production techniques associations would be able to variance of the dependent and informations so most of borrow higher loan.
variable is explained by them do not dare to invest in Sex of household head: Women independent variables. production and improve their face barriers that make it The model is as follows: livelihoods. High educational difficult to access financial CA =a+f Sex + B2Age + attainment will result in higher services.