G@OUM OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA RESEARCH PROJECT (BMBRS5103) THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF REAL ESTATE IN VIET NAM Coordination of Mezzanine finance and presale system STUDENT’S FULL NAME : NGO THI KIM CHI STUDENT ID : 2451944 INTAKE : SEPTEMBER 2012 g ADVISOR’S NAME & TITLE : PHAN THI GIAC TAM, PH.D HUTECH LIBRARY 1-6175 December 2013 Advisor’s assessment TH, Ths Sag Hebe seach M6 RAYE _. tribes seeeeneseeeedbee Sal. eas then wl bade. tas n tia, whA.
A ee vee ented ite roel 2y, ¬ - ^^ tà oy ZÁ -†#a Advisor’s signature Acknowledgement I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor : Phan Thi Giac Tam for enabling me to work on this project. I would like to thank her for providing me with great guidance throughout the whole course of the work. I am also thankful for her being patient when I presented my problems and ideas, as often I had difficulty finding way to address them in a concise and succinct manner. I am also thankful my opponent who contributes me his supportive ideas andsuggestion for my research.
I would like to thank everyone who has assisted me in this project in one way or another. December 15, 2013 a he Ngo Thi Kim Chi EXECUTVE SUMMARY In recent years, the real estate market grew up with rapid speed. We can see the residential projects in the large cities as Hanoi, Danang, Nha Trang, Ho Chi Minh city. The developers bring out a lot of type of residential to the market.
We have these criterion to segment the market into income: high, average, low. Real estate is one of the most important parts of a nation that has significant effect on all economic aspects. The fast growth rate in Vietnam makes this industry more important especially when the imbalance between supply and demand becomes more serious. Seeking the alternative financial sources is one of the most essential purposes in order to develop the healthy real estate market.
This study will mention the potential of using presale system as well as mezzanine finance in developing residential projects. It will review the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods and the combination of them in projects under the opinions of market participators such as developers, households and investors. After all, it will suggest some solutions in order to make the best of this alternative financial source. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION o.2 _ The objectives of the stUdy.4 Scope ofthe study.5 The tructure of the theses.
9 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW.1 Overview of Vietnamese economies and real estate market.- se set HH he. Population growth and the demand for housing.4 Real estate industTy. cành HH HH H242 1011 tr.2 The theory of Mezzanine ñnance and Pre-sale contract.2 Pre-sale residential contract.«---ccretrerrrrereirirtrrrrrrrrrrrrreee 33 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY.2 Data Collection techniqUeS.ccìnetereHrHhhHH re 42 3.4 Methods of data analysis.-- con HH 111 crrrree APPENDIX A - QUESTIONNAIRE. APPENDIX B - INNTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
che 57 o2 APPENDICES C_- WORK PLUAN.1 Background Vietnam’s real estate market has been facing the fundamental problems shared by all young real estate markets, including imperfect legal infrastructures and governmental administration; lack of transparency and professionalism of both administrators and players in the market; and especially limited sources of funding for real estate development and trading. Financial sources are always one of the most concerned issues of investors especially in the real estate sector where projects are usually funded around 70% of total development costs. Seeking reasonable sources is the significant goals for financial controllers. Vietnamese is a developing country with total population at around 85 million and the population growth rate at 1.
The improvement of living standard adds to the demand for residential houses that results in sharp increase especially in the big cities. Meanwhile, the supply for this real estate sector is limited by several reasons such as the complicated housing sector’s regulation regime and the lack of invested capital. The significantly high demand raises the imbalance which is one of the reasons for the serious bubble in real estate market. In big cities like Hanoi or Hochiminh, the average property price increases 30%- 40% from the end of 2009 (HIDS, 2009; VIA, 2010).
In some new satellite cities, the real estate price is booming (VIA, 2010). In order to equilibrate this situation, the supply should be affected to match the market demand. Consequently, the improvement in legal system of real estate sector and the seeking alternative financial sources must be considered. Currently, Vietnamese real estate companies depend significantly on the financial sources from banks to strengthen their financial capacity.
However, banks tend to cut down their investments due to the present bubble situation in both financial and real estate markets, in these sectors (Shamim Adam, 2010). The Ho Chi Minh Exchange index fell 80 percent from a life high of 1,170.67 points in March 2007 before bottoming out at 234.66 in early February 2009. It has risen since, and on March 2010 the market closed at around 500 (SSC, 2010). Property prices in Vietnam have also experienced unstable boom and bust cycles lately.
Besides, though Vietnam is an attractive market, foreign investors face many difficulties in investing in Vietnam real estate sector due to the unexpected and incomprehensive legal framework as well as the lack of investment tolls and the transparent information. Consequently, seeking alternative housing construction finance vehicles and methods to raise funds are most imperative purposes of real estate developers.2 Problem statement According to Vietnam Real Estate Association and Hanoi city and Ho Chi minh city The residential market statistics from 2006 until now, housing structures are imbalance. It is the business focus of investment in the development of luxury residentials, with large area. Therefore, the market has not many small residential of 30-50m2 for medium-income people, who account for a large proportion in urban areas.
In just a short time, the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) consecutively decreases the deposit and lending rates, the commercial banks has launched the race to offer the credit package for personal customers to repair or buy a home. However, the real estate market is still quiet because the conditions to access the loans from banks are very difficult and opportunity is not for all people. One of the first banks have preferential credit package for personal customers to buy a home is the VIB International Bank with 1,000 billion for customers. According to the official announcement of the VIB, the customers can be borrowed with interest rate of 5.0% in the first three months of the loan with the simple procedures.
However the reality is not quite like that. In the past few days, Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV) announce to reserve 30,000 billion to support for customers to buy property at an interest rate of 8.8% / year, but also bound on mortgage and payment process. Many people use the residential’s papers for mortgage to the banks. But this case is difficult because not all papers could be accepted by the bank.
According to Decision No. 40/2008 issued by the Hanoi People's Committee, the residential price is around 4 million VND/m2. So why do people never get the residential with that price? Mr. Nguyen Dang Tam, Oil and Gas Construction Company, said: The actual cost of the construction site is not high, at around 4 million/m2, the people can buy a house.
But consumer gets to about 3-4 times the original price. He also said: In fact, most of high-rise construction projects in Vietnam do like that. The construction material, steel, concrete are not different, so why the residential price is different like that. It could be more uniform infrastructure area, closer to the central business district, the price may be higher than 10 - 20% compared to the average.
The buyer can not have the expertise to determine this. In addition, the developer knows the customers who like the high-end level, so they usually add English name for their project to make the buyer believe in the project that the high price is also normal. Engineers also confirmed Center, more advanced home without have to call the mechanic to fix. When asked about his matter, a director of the real estate business said: In fact, the budget to “lobby” is very high ( more than 30% of the cost), so the developer must plus that cost into the product price.
Who should buy, buy new so inconsistent.2 The objectives of the study Vietnam’s real estate market has been facing the fundamental problems shared by all young real estate markets, including imperfect legal infrastructures and governmental administration; lack of transparency and professionalism of both administrators and players in the market; and especially limited sources of funding for real estate development and trading. With the given background, the thesis will examine these problems as follows : - Review the recent Vietnamese real estate market mainly focusing on residential sector. - Study the financial sources and raising methods for housing projects. - Evaluate proposals put forward for financing residential real estate projects in the current difficulty in Vietnamese financial market.
13 Significance First of all, the study will review literature on previous works related to the subject of thesis. The science articles and thesis about real estate finance and economics will be collected and analyzed. The thesis will also study the data collected from the official sources in Vietnamese financial and real estate markets. Secondly, the thesis will also be improved by the information gathered from discussions with various financial and real estate experts in Vietnam.4 Scope of the study The subject of the thesis will mainly focus on how real estate developers should find outside financial source to finance their residential projects in the condition of the current difficulty in Vietnamese financial market.
The thesis does not concern about thedevelopment in other real estate sectors such as commercial building or hotel. Moreover, the current situation of hidden information in Vietnamese financial and real estate market results in lack of primary information which limits the study from reflecting the reality and seeking most appropriate solutions.5 The tructure of the theses The thesis is divided into three parts. The first one introduces an overview about Vietnam economics and real estate market. The second part provides the literature review of the mezzanine finance and presale contract.
In this part, general concepts, main characteristics, advantages as well as disadvantages of these raising fund methods will be presented. The third discusses matters of coordinating these two financial sources in Vietnam residential market including the benefit to market participators and the obstacles of the coordination. Besides, this part also exposes some solutions for the combination in the current condition of Vietnam real estate market. CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of Vietnamese economics and real estate market 2.1 Current macroeconomics o GDP growth rate Following economic stagnation after reunification from 1975 to 1985, the 1986 Sixth Party Congress approved broad economic reforms (known as "Doi Moi" or Renovation) that introduced market reforms, opened up the country for foreign investment, and dramatically improved Vietnam's business climate.
Vietnam became one of the fastest- growing economies in the world, averaging around 8% annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth from 1990 to 1997 and 6. From 2004 to 2007, GDP grew over 8% annually. However, from the 2008, because of the effect from the global financial crisis and economic recession, Vietnamese economic growth was dramatically slow. The international prices of commodities were on a declining trend since the third quarter of 2008.
Orders from overseas for some significant products such as garments and other industrial products collapsed in the fourth quarter of 2008, and a slowdown in manufacturing became noticeable. In the first quarter of 2009, this impact was still on GDP resulted in an increase of only 3.1 percent over last year, or 4 percentage points below the average first-quarter growth for the last few years (Worldbank, 2009).