ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA LÊ KHÁNH AN KINETICS OF THE HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION PAH + •CH3/•C2H5 → PAH RADICAL + CH4/C2H6 REACTION CLASS: AN APPLICATION OF THE REACTION CLASS TRANSITION STATE THEORY (RC-TST) NGÀNH: CÔNG NGHỆ HÓA HỌC MÃ NGÀNH: 60.75 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH, 12/2015 CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA –ĐHQG -HCM Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học : PGS. Huỳnh kim lâm Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 1 : TS.
Lê thanh hưng Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 2 : phạm trần nguyên nguyên Luận văn thạc sĩ được bảo vệ tại Trường Đại học Bách Khoa, ĐHQG Tp. HCM ngày 29 tháng 12 năm 2015 Thành phần Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn thạc sĩ gồm: (Ghi rõ họ, tên, học hàm, học vị của Hội đồng chấm bảo vệ luận văn thạc sĩ) 1. Phạm thành quân 2. Lê thanh hưng 3.
Trần nguyên nguyên 4. Nguyễn quang long 5. Ngô Mạnh Thắng Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá LV và Trưởng Khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn đã được sửa chữa (nếu có). CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG TRƯỞNG KHOA ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HCM CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc NHIỆM VỤ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Họ tên học viên: Lê Khánh An MSHV:11054126 Ngày, tháng, năm sinh: Nơi sinh: Long An Chuyên ngành: Công nghệ hóa học Mã số : 60520101 I.
TÊN ĐỀ TÀI: KINETICS OF THE HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION PAH + •CH3/•C2H5 → PAH RADICAL + CH4/C2H6 REACTION CLASS: AN APPLICATION OF THE REACTION CLASS TRANSITION STATE THEORY (RC-TST) II. NHIỆM VỤ VÀ NỘI DUNG: - Thực hiện tính toán động học phản ứng PAH + •CH3/•C2H5 → PAH RADICAL + CH4/C2H6 bằng phương pháp RC-TST. - Đánh giá sai số phương pháp. - thiết lập mô hình tính toán đáng tin cậy cho họ phản ứng nêu trên.
NGÀY GIAO NHIỆM VỤ : 06/07/2015 IV. NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHIỆM VỤ: 04/12/2015 V. CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN : PGS. Huỳnh Kim Lâm.
CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN CHỦ NHIỆM BỘ MÔN ĐÀO TẠO (Họ tên và chữ ký) (Họ tên và chữ ký) TRƯỞNG KHOA….……… (Họ tên và chữ ký) ABSTRACT The hydrogen abstraction in polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a methyl/ethyl radical are predicted with an application of the reaction class transition state theory (RC-TST) to calculate the rate constants reaction. We have derived all parameters for the RC-TST method for this reaction class from rate constants of 24 representative reactions, coupling with linear energy relationships (LERs), so that rate constants for any reaction in this class can be described from its reaction energy calculated at either the barrier height grouping (BHG) or BH&HLYP/cc- pVDZ level of theory. The RC-TST/LER thermal rate constants for selected reactions are in good agreement with those available in the literature. Detailed analyses of the results show that the RC-TST/LER and RC-TST/BHG method is an efficient method for accurately estimating rate constants for a large number of reactions in this class.
Key words: Rate constant; Hydrogen abstraction; Reaction class; Poly aromatic hydrocarbon combustion; i TÓM TẮT Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến hành tính toán hằng số phản ứng của Phản ứng tách Hydro trong nhóm các pylyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) bới gốc tự do methyl/ethyl bằng cách áp dụng phương pháp RC-TST (reaction class transition state theory). Các phản ứng được phân chia theo 24 phản ứng đại diện được tính toán dựa trên việc áp dung phương pháp RC-TST kết hợp với LERs (linear energy relationships), với mục đích tính toán được hằng số ơhanr ứng cho bất cứ phản ứng nào dựa trên việc tính toán năng lượng phản ứng theo lý thuyết BHG BH&HLYP/cc- pVDZ .Hằng số nhiệt phản ứng teo tính toán RC-TST/LER cho một số phản ứng cụ thể cũng cho thấy sự phù hợp cao với dự đoán lý thuyết. Các kết quả phân tích số liệu chi tiết cho thấy việc sử dụng RC-TST/LER và RC-TST/BHG là phương pháp hiệu quả để tính toán chính xác hằng số phản ứng đối với họ phản ứng này. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank many people who have helped me through the completion of this document.
First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Huynh Kim Lam, who has supported me throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way. One simply could not wish for a better supervisor. On the other hand, I would like to send my special thanks to Mr Mai Van Thanh Tam from Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), my mentor, for profound support and giving me the good chance to conduct and have my research study completed.
Words cannot express my respect, love and deep gratitude for my parents, my husband and my baby who are always stand by me, encourage, and share their great love to me. Finally, I deeply thank you who spend your precious time to read this document. I really appreciate for being got your acceptance for me as the fruit of my labor. iii CONTENTS ABSTRACTS……….
iii LIST OF FIGURES. v LIST OF TABLES. vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS…. Transition State Theory .2 Reaction Class Reaction Transition State Theory.
Electronic Structure Calculations .RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .2 Reaction Class Parameters. 12 Potential Energy Factor. 13 Reaction symmetry number Factor. 17 Partition Function Factor .3 Prediction Rate Constants.
34 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: List of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) for this study with their IUPAC nomenclature and short notation in this study.4 Figure 2: Linear energy relationship between reaction energyC Figure 3: Plots of the tunneling ratio factors, fκ as function of temperature for abstraction of hydrogen from CH3 (solid line) and C2H5 (dotted line) radicals….16 Figure 4: Hydrogen abstraction from PAH by methyl radical to illustrate the “α” and “β sites” of hydrogen abstracted on different “benzene” sites of PAH….17 Figure 5: Partition function factors, fQ versus temperature for some reactions listed in Table 1 in the temperature range of 300 – 3000 K (Only for abstraction by CH3 with α sites of PAH).A of the hindered rotation treatment on the total rate constants for reactions R2 – R16 (only for CH3 abstraction) in the temperature range of 300 – 3000 K……………………20 Figure 7: Arrhenius plots of the calculated rate constants using RC-TST method for two representative hydrogen abstraction reactions along with the available literature values, Hemelsoet 2006 [20] and Mati 2007 [56]: (a) C10H8 + ·CH3 → CH4 + 1*C10H7 (R2 – β site); (b) C10H8 + ·CH3 → CH4 + 2*C10H7 (R3 - α site) …………………………………………………24 Figure 8: The same as Fig. 6 but for rate constants of reactions with (a) C14Anth + ·CH3 → CH4 + 1*C14Anth (R6 – β site) and (b) C14Anth + ·CH3 → CH4 + 2*C14Anth (R7 - α site). ………25 Figure 9: Mean absolute errors (%) of the total relative rate factors f(T) (Eq. 2) and its components, namely the tunneling (fκ), partition function (fQ),potential energy (fV) and hindered rotation (fHR) factors as functions of the temperature.28 Figure 10: Relative absolute deviations as functions of temp.erature between rate constants calculated from explicit full RC-TST calculations for all selected reactions………….
29 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of reactions in the training set………….5 Table 2: Classical reaction energies, barrier heights, and absolute deviations between the calculated barrier heights from BH&HLYP/cc-pVDZ and those from LER expressions and barrier height grouping (BHG) approach…. 12 Table 3: Calculated symmetry and tunneling factors…….14 Table 4: Parameters and formulations of RC-TST method for the PAH + •CH3/•C2H5 → PAH radical + CH4/C2H6.21 vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BHG Barrier Height Grouping DFT Density Functional Theory LYP Lee-Yang-Parr Theory BLYP& B3LYP Becke & Lee-Yang-Parr Theory LERs Linear Energy Relationships PAH Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbon RC-TST Reaction Class- Transition State Theory TS Transition State TST Transition State Theory VTST Variational Transition State Theory ZPVE Zero Point Vibrational Energy vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received many studies for organic molecules [1,2]. They play an important role in the formation of combustion-generated particles such as soot, and their presence in atmospheric aerosols has been widely studied [3], they are also key intermediate products in coal conversion processes [4-7]. They can increase as side products in steam cracking units used in the petrochemical industry for the production of light alkenes such as ethane and propene [8].
The understanding of the formation of PAH molecules is very important for the efficient design of clean and practical combustion devices. Specially, an essential requirement for reliable modeling of PAH growth is the availability of accurate kinetic parameters. In the PAH growth processes, various classes of elementary reactions such as hydrogen abstraction, addition, cyclization, and dehydrogenation can be distinguished, and these reactions led to form a surface consisting of conjugated rings [9,10]. The kinetic models often consist of thousands of elementary reactions, therefore it can be impractical model to carry out all calculations of the thermal rates for every single reaction.
Among the existing methods, the Transition State Theory (TST) [11] is the simplest and most cost-effective, it only requires geometries, energies, and vibrational frequencies of the reactants and transition states. However, the large size of PAH molecules limit the use of the accurate quantum calculations to obtain such information. The experimental kinetic data for the reactions involving the PAH species are generally not available, especially over an extended range because of these potentially complex reaction processes. A common practice is to approximate the unknown kinetic parameters by 1 those for similar reactions.
A better approach is to employ Evan – Polanyi linear free-energy [12,13] relationship between the activation energies and bond dissociation energies or heat of reaction of similar reactions to estimate the unknown activation energy. In 2000, Truong [14] has introduced the concept of RC-TST into both electronic and dynamic calculations. This approach recognizes that reactions in a given class have the same reactive moiety and their potential energy surfaces along the reaction coordinate are very similar. The Reaction Class Transition State Theory (RC-TST) has showed that the relative rate constants for any reaction in given a class can be predicted from only its energy by the use of the linear energy relationship between the classical barrier height and reaction energies determined from a subset of reactions in a class.
There are some studies on combustion of PAHs, they occur many importantly elementary reactions such as H-abstraction by H-atom [15-19] or by methyl radical [20,21]; O-addition [22]; OH radical and HO2 radical,…Hydrogen-abstraction reactions are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology and have been studied in such diverse areas as cosmology, combustion science, and the polymer industry. For example, the initiation step in coke formation [10], an industrially important side process of thermal hydrocarbon cracking, is hydrogen abstraction [15,16,19]. The aim of this study is to apply the RC-TST to study the H-abstraction by methyl/ethyl radical from different PAHs. These results use to estimate the rate onstants of any arbitrary reaction belonging to this class reaction.
It is done by first deriving the expression for rate constant of the reference reaction with those in a small representative set of the class from explicit ab initio kinetic calculations of rate constants for all reactions in this representative set. The assumption is that these correlation expressions are applicable to all reactions in the considered class. In our knowledge, this assumption has shown to be valid [14,18,23-27]. To 2 develop the RC-TST/LER parameters for H-abstraction reactions of PAHs by methyl/ethyl radical, 24 reactions were selected to form the representative set, Figure 1.