MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ MỸ THƯ THE QUALITY OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE’S VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH WORDS DENOTING TIME Field: English Linguistics Code: 8. Le Nhan Thanh BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN VÕ MỸ THƯ CHẤT LƯỢNG DỊCH CÁC THÀNH NGỮ CHỨA TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN TỪ TIẾNG ANH SANG TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA GOOGLE TRANSLATE Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS. LÊ NHÂN THÀNH i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby confirm that the thesis entitled “The quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time” is the result of my work except for the reference mentioned in the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other institutions.
Quy Nhon, October,2020 Performer Võ Mỹ Thư ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The fulfillment of this thesis is thanks to the encouragement and efforts of many people to whom I would like to pay my gratitude to. First and foremost, I would like to sincerely express my innermost gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Le Nhan Thanh, who I am deeply indebted for the continuous support, patience, immense motivation, and valuable guidance to accomplish this work. Without his persistent help, this study could not have been possible.
The knowledge and experience gained from doing the MA course have been priceless to my studying and career. Besides, I wish to express my special thanks to all the lecturers who are in charge of training for the 21st MA course at Quy Nhon University for having transmitted immense knowledge and creating a friendly and constructive environment during the course. I am also extremely thankful to my close friends and colleagues who always give encouragement and energy to overcome difficulties during the time I attended the MA course. Last but not least, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my warm- hearted family members for their love, care, and support which are sources of motivation for me to attempt to complete this thesis.
iii ABSTRACT Google Translate is the most pervasive online translation tool used in the current time. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in evaluating the quality of GT in different genres. However, far too little attention has been paid to GT‟s quality in idiom translation; this study aims to investigate the quality of GT‟s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time in terms of translation errors. Accordingly, the study examined the translation error types committed by GT and their corresponding frequency.
In an attempt to achieve this aim, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches are employed to analyze the data. GT‟s Vietnamese translations of 128 English idioms with words denoting time were analyzed based on the conceptual framework on translation error proposed by Nord (1997) including four types of translation errors: pragmatic errors, cultural errors, linguistic errors, and text-specific errors. The translation errors found in GT translations and their occurrences are used for translation quality assessment. The results indicate that GT could not achieve the expected accuracy in translating pure and semi idioms with figurative meanings, and GT shows better quality in translating literal idioms than pure idioms.
In addition, among the four translation error types, pragmatic errors are the most common error committed by GT in Vietnamese translations of English idioms. Some suggestions and implications are proposed for teachers and students majoring in translation, translators, and researchers who are interested in the related field. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. vi LIST OF TABLES.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. SCOPE OF THE STUDY. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY.
Types of translation. Translation Quality Assessment. Definitions of idioms. Classification of idioms.
Idioms denoting time. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Translation errors in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of English idioms. No translation errors.
Pragmatic translation errors. Cultural translation errors. Text-specific translation errors. Special cases in translation errors.
Frequency of translation error types in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations according to idiom types. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS. Summary of findings. Suggestions for further research.
75 REFERENCES APPENDICES vi ABBREVIATIONS CE cultural translation errors GT Google Translate IT idioms with words denoting time LE linguistic translation errors LI literal idioms MT Machine Translation NE no error PE pragmatic translation errors PI pure idioms SI semi-idioms SL source language TE text-specific translation errors TL target language TQA translation quality assessment vii LIST OF TABLES Number Names of tables Page Table 2.1 109 languages supported by Google Translate 18 (Google 2020) Table 2.2 Identifiable characteristics of translation errors 25 Table 2.3 Types of idioms (McCarthy and O‟Dell, 2003, p.1 Sample Data Storage (English Idioms and Vietnamese 42 translations from Google Translate in sentences) Table 3.2 Translation errors for analyzing with reference 44 examples Table 3.3 The numbers of errors translation in each idioms types 45 committed by GT Table 4.1 Occurrences of translation errors types committed by 47 GT Table 4.2 The number of occurrences of no translation errors in 47 each idiom type Table 4.3 The number of occurrences of the pragmatic errors in 50 each idiom type Table 4.4 The number of occurrences of linguistic translation 55 errors in each idiom type Table 4.5 The number of occurrences of cultural errors in each 58 idiom type Table 4.6 The number of occurrences of the Text-specific 63 translation errors in each idiom type Table 4.7 The number of translation errors in each idiom type 68 committed by GT viii LIST OF FIGURES Number Names of figures Page Figure 2.1 Translation process (Larson, 1984, p.2 Timeline of MT evolution (Maučec & Donaj, 2019) 14 Figure 2.3 Google Translate graphical user interface 17 Figure 2.4 Classification of translation errors (Vilar et al.1 Occurrences of translation errors according to 69 idioms types 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Along with the globalization and technological advances, the need for international understanding is considerably increasing. However, language barriers hinder most people from understanding the messages from native speakers. Translation, therefore, is considered as a key role to bridge the communication gap in various fields such as education, science and technology, literature, tourism, trade and business.
Translation can be understood as a process of transferring the content of a text from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). With the growing requirements in translation, many translation tools have become the top priority for most people when encountering problems in communicating. Many automated translation applications have been proposed. Among these, Google Translate (GT) is the most popular machine translation used since it can translate tremendous amounts of information in a second with low cost and security.
The term Google Translation refers to a translation service developed by Google in April 2006. It translates multiple forms of texts and media such as words, phrases, and webpages. Today Google Translate supports over 100 languages at various levels. This advanced tool makes it possible for global communication.
Although GT is extensively used, the quality of GT output has always been a great concern. Due to the linguistic and cultural differences between languages, the practice of translation has shown the limit in generating target sources naturally, fluently, and comprehensibly especially when dealing with idiomatic expressions. Amir (2012) explained that since the meaning of idioms cannot be understood from the superficial meanings of the single 2 words constituting them, there are some problems in both processes of understanding and translating them. Therefore, the quality of GT outsources in idioms translations need to be paid more attention.
Recently, researchers have shown an increasing interest in investigating the quality of GT. For example, Jimmy Cromico (2015) examined Translation quality of English-Indonesian by using Google Translate with the results that Google Translate cannot determine suitable techniques to produce a quality translation in translating sentences found on scientific articles. Also, Aiken and Balan (2013) conducted a study on An analysis of Google Translate accuracy and found that translations among Western languages by GT are typically better than those in Asian languages. Another study published by Shao et al.
(2018) evaluated Machine Translation Performance on Chinese Idioms with a Blacklist Method, the results proved that GT generates relatively poor quality in Chinese idioms translations and literal translation error is a common error type. Although several attempts have been made to evaluate GT quality, most of them have tended to focus on investigating the quality of GT in the whole text among pairs of languages having nearly the same linguistic features. There are only a few that evaluate GT performances in specific terms like idioms in the language pair English and Vietnamese. Since idioms make part of figurative expressions in language, they are frequently used in daily conversation, school materials, newspapers, media, etc.
Despite recent development in the field of translation theory and application, idiomatic expressions still pose a serious challenge for translators as well as machine translation. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address these research gaps. My interest in this area developed while I usually encounter idiomatic 3 expressions in the reading academic materials and the mass media. The strengths of idioms in better-expressing emotions and contextual meanings have inspired me to explore this field.
With the aim to give insights into the quality of idioms translation committed by GT, this study attempts to identify the errors performed by GT when it translates English idioms with words denoting time. The quality of GT is then explored. This is the reason why I decided to do the research on: “The quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words denoting time. Aim and objectives of the study 1.
Aim This study aims to examine the quality of Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of English idioms with words that denote time. Objectives To achieve this aim, the researcher collected and analyzed data to fulfill the following objectives: - Identify the errors committed by Google Translate when it translates English idioms with words denoting time into Vietnamese, - Classify the errors according to translation error types, and - Examine the frequencies of the errors in terms of translation error types. Research questions Based on the background of the research, the researcher attempted to answer to the following questions: 1. What errors can be found in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of the English idioms with words that denote time? 2.
What kinds of errors can be found in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of these English idioms? 4 3. What is the frequency of each of the translation error types found in Google Translate‟s Vietnamese translations of these English idioms? 1. Scope of the Study This study focuses on investigating the errors found in idiomatic expressions translation results committed the online translation tool - Google Translate. In this study, 128 English sentences containing idioms with words denoting time were collected from the reliable paper dictionary “Oxford Dictionary of Idioms” (Siefring, 2004), and four online dictionaries https://www.com, https://idioms.com/, https://dictionary.org, and https://www.com, This research was restricted to English idioms that contain words pertaining to time expressions with their corresponding Vietnamese translations by GT.
Other linguistic types of idioms without time-related meaning are excluded to be examined in the research. With regard to reliability, the reference source for collecting data, as mentioned above are all prestigious supply with a vast amount of idioms available. Idioms with words denoting time (IT) were the criteria for collecting since time concept is predominant in Western culture. Therefore, its popularity in idioms gives a possible corpus for this study.
Significance of the Study The results of the study will be of great benefits in two aspects. Theoretically, the findings of the study will hopefully provide knowledge about the quality of GT‟s translations of English – Vietnamese idiomatic expressions. Moreover, this research also provides references for errors made by GT for other researchers to conduct further related researches.