i Developments and innovation in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technology © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 ii Related titles: Advanced power plant materials, design and technology (ISBN 978-1-84569-515-6) Fossil-fuel power plants generate the majority of the world’s power, but many plants are ageing and cannot meet rising global energy demands and increasingly stringent emissions criteria. To ensure security and economy of supply, utilities are building a new generation of advanced power plant with increased output and environmental performance. This book initially reviews improved plant designs for efficiency and fuel flexibility, including combined- cycle technology and utilisation of lower-grade feedstocks. Coverage extends to advanced material and component use, and the incorporation of alternative energy conversion technology, such as hydrogen production.
Environmental and emissions performance issues round off the book. Oxy-fuel combustion for power generation and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture (ISBN: 978-1-84569-671-9) Oxy-fuel combustion is a power generation and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture option for advanced power plant in which fuel is burnt in an oxygen-rich environment instead of in air. This allows for a reduction in NOx and SOx emissions as well as producing a high-purity carbon dioxide (CO2) flue gas stream. This high-purity CO2 stream allows for more efficient and economical capture, processing and sequestration.
This book critically reviews the fundamental principles, processes and technology of oxy-fuel combustion, including advanced concepts for its implementation. Details of these and other Woodhead Publishing books can be obtained by: visiting our web site at www.com contacting Customer Services (e-mail: sales@woodheadpublishing.com; fax: +44 (0) 1223 893694; tel. 130; address: Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AH, UK) If you would like to receive information on forthcoming titles, please send your address details to: Francis Dodds (address, tel. and fax as above; e-mail: francis.
Please confirm which subject areas you are interested in. © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 iii Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy: Number 8 Developments and innovation in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technology Volume 1: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, transport and industrial applications Edited by M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer CRC Press Boca Raton Boston New York Washington, DC Woodhead publishing limited Oxford Cambridge New Delhi © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 iv Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AH, UK www.com Woodhead Publishing India Private Limited, G-2, Vardaan House, 7/28 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi – 110002, India www.com Published in North America by CRC Press LLC, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA First published 2010, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 The authors have asserted their moral rights. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Woodhead Publishing ISBN 978-1-84569-533-0 (book) Woodhead Publishing ISBN 978-1-84569-957-4 (e-book) CRC Press ISBN 978-1-4398-3099-4 CRC Press order number: N10185 The publishers’ policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp which is processed using acid-free and elemental chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publishers ensure that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. Cover image © BCS Creative, 88–90 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham NG1 4EE, UK, www.uk Typeset by Replika Press Pvt Ltd, India Printed by TJ International Limited, Padstow, Cornwall, UK © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 v Contents Contributor contact details xiii Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy xvii Foreword by Lord Oxburgh xix 1 Overview of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technology 1 S.
Mercedes Maroto-Valer, University of Nottingham, UK 1.2 Greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change 2 1.3 Carbon management and stabilisation routes 8 1.4 Development and innovation in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and transport technology 11 1.5 Development and innovation in carbon dioxide (CO2) storage and utilisation technology 17 1.7 Sources of further information and advice 20 1.9 References 22 Part I Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage economics, regulation and planning 2 Techno-economic analysis and modeling of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) technologies 27 J. Johnson, University of California Davis, USA 2.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture 31 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 vi Contents 2.3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport 36 2.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection 44 2.5 Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) system modeling 56 2.7 References 61 3 Regulatory and social analysis for the legitimation and market formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technologies 64 H. de Best-Waldhober and H. Groenenberg, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), the Netherlands 3.2 Technological maturity and the carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) innovation system 67 3.3 Legitimation: results and gaps in social scientific research regarding public perception and participation 74 3.4 Market formation and direction of search: an enabling regulatory framework for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) in the EU 80 3.5 Implementation outlook for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) technologies 86 3.6 Sources of further information and advice 88 3.7 References 88 4 Energy supply planning for the introduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies 93 A.
Douglas, University of Waterloo, Canada 4.1 The emerging energy challenge and a case from Ontario, Canada 93 4.2 Overview of supply technologies and carbon capture and storage 98 4.4 Energy conservation strategy 113 4.6 Illustrative case study 124 4.8 References 151 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 Contents vii Part II Post- and pre-combustion processes and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 5 Advanced absorption processes and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 155 U. Desideri, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy 5.3 Description of the technology 161 5.4 Advancements in the technologies 166 5.5 Advantages and disadvantages 170 5.6 Applications and future trends 172 5.8 References 180 6 Advanced adsorption processes and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 183 R. Davidson, IEA Clean Coal Centre, UK 6.2 Mesoporous and microporous adsorbents 184 6.5 Sources of further information and advice 197 6.7 References 198 7 Advanced membrane separation processes and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 203 A. Iulianelli, Italian National Research Council, Italy, F.
Gallucci, University of Twente, the Netherlands, P. Morrone, University of Calabria, Italy 7.2 Cryogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) capture 208 7.3 Performance of membrane systems 213 7.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2) membrane materials and design 216 7.6 Comparing membrane modules 223 7.7 Design for power plant integration 225 7.9 Future trends and conclusions 234 7.10 Sources of further information and advice 236 7.11 References 238 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 viii Contents 8 Gasification processes and synthesis gas treatment technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture 243 C. Higman, Higman Consulting GmbH, Germany 8.4 Building blocks for complete systems 261 8.5 Power plant as an example for a complete system 270 8.6 Advantages and limitations 273 8.8 Sources of further information and advice 277 8.9 References 278 Part III Advanced combustion processes and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 9 Oxyfuel combustion systems and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 283 P. Mathieu, University of Liège, Belgium 9.2 Basic principles of oxyfuel combustion 285 9.3 Technologies and potential applications 287 9.4 Advantages and limitations 307 9.6 References 315 10 Advanced oxygen production systems for power plants with integrated carbon dioxide (CO2) capture 320 S.
van den Brink and W. Haije, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, the Netherlands 10.2 Technologies for air separation 322 10.3 Oxygen selective membrane technology for oxyfuel power plants 326 10.4 Power generation systems integrated with oxygen selective membrane (OSM) units 331 10.5 Advantages and limitations 347 10.7 Sources of further information and advice 352 10.9 References 354 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 Contents ix 11 Chemical-looping combustion systems and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in power plants 358 E. Anthony, CANMET Energy Technology Centre-Ottawa, Canada 11.3 Technologies and potential applications 362 11.4 Advantages and limitations of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) for natural gas and syngas 364 11.5 Hydrogen manufacture using chemical-looping combustion (CLC) 366 11.6 The use of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) technology with solid fuels 368 11.7 The CaS–CaSO4 system 371 11.9 Sources of further information and advice 374 11.10 References 374 Part IV Carbon dioxide (CO2) compression, transport and injection processes and technology 12 Gas purification, compression and liquefaction processes and technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) transport 383 A. Aspelund, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway 12.2 Selection of transport pressures 385 12.3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) quality recommendations for transport in pipelines and by ship 386 12.4 Overview and basic building blocks in carbon dioxide (CO2) transport processes 387 12.6 The interface between capture and transport 400 12.7 Ship to pipeline and pipeline to ship processes 402 12.9 Future trends and future work 404 12.12 References 405 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 x Contents 13 Infrastructure and pipeline technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) transport 408 P.
Downie, Newcastle University, UK 13.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) phase properties 409 13.3 Transport of carbon dioxide (CO2) by pipeline 414 13.4 Transport of carbon dioxide (CO2) by ship 423 13.6 Large-scale transport infrastructure 425 13.8 Future trends and future work 429 13.10 Sources of further information and advice 430 13.12 References 431 14 Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection processes and technology 435 S. Flach, DNV – Research and Innovation, Norway 14.2 Underground fluid injection 436 14.3 Analogues for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage and best practices from other sectors 437 14.4 Injection well technologies 438 14.5 Controlling parameters for carbon dioxide (CO2) injectivity 441 14.6 Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in different storage formations 449 14.7 Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection field operations 451 14.8 Injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) and well integrity 453 14.9 Technologies for monitoring injection well integrity 459 14.11 Sources of further information and advice 462 14.13 References 463 Part V Industrial applications of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technology 15 Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technology in the cement and concrete industry 469 S. Ghoshal, McGill University, Canada, F. Zeman, New York Institute of Technology, USA 15.1 Introduction 469 © Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010 Contents xi 15.3 Capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) from cement plants 472 15.4 Accelerated carbon dioxide (CO2) curing of concrete 479 15.7 Sources of further information and advice 488 15.8 References 489 16 Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage technology in the iron and steel industry 492 J-P.
Birat, Arcelor Mittal, France 16.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the steel sector 493 16.3 Strategies to control carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the steel sector 497 16.4 Carbon capture and storage (CCS) for the steel sector 503 16.5 Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies for the steel sector 504 16.6 Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage for the steel sector 509 16.