ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- KIM, JIHYUN Building competitive strategies For shinhan bank vietnam XÂY DỰNG CHIẾN LƯỢC CẠNH TRANH CHO NGÂN HÀNG SHINHAN BANK VIỆT NAM LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH HÀ NỘI - 2020 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI KHOA QUẢN TRỊ VÀ KINH DOANH --------------------- KIM, JIHYUN BUILDING COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES FOR SHINHAN BANK VIETNAM XÂY DỰNG CHIẾN LƯỢC CẠNH TRANH CHO NGÂN HÀNG SHINHAN BANK VIỆT NAM Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 60 34 01 02 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS. HOÀNG ĐÌNH PHI HÀ NỘI - 2020 DECLARATION The author confirms that the research outcome in the thesis is the result of author‟s independent work during study and research period and it is not yet published in other‟s research and article. The other‟s research result and documentation (extraction, table, figure, formula, and other document) used in the thesis are cited properly and the permission (if required) is given. The author is responsible in front of the Thesis Assessment Committee, Hanoi School of Business and Management, and the laws for above-mentioned declaration.
Place: Hanoi, Vietnam Jihyun Kim i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT MBA program at Hanoi School of Business has encouraged me to pursue the field of global banking at more advanced level because I became convinced of my ability to endeavor in researching banking sector in Vietnam. Before I started my studies with the brightest students in the most prestigious institute in Vietnam, my passion in banking field had been enervated due to the lack of competition in Korea. Although I worked at the one of the Asia‟s leading financial groups, Shinhan Financial group, I only considered myself as the frog in the wall who knows nothing of the great ocean. Moreover, I was afraid that I would not survive in my chosen field due to extremely prominent competitors in the countries outside of my home country Korea.
My experiences in Vietnam, however, allowed me to realize that they are not competitors but colleagues who inspire each other and constructively influence the world of businessmen, so that humanity can discover innovative theories in various issues. Consequently, I realized that I wish to be able to contribute to my chosen field substantially as a leader who has a flexible thinking and sincerely enjoy studying and researching with outstanding individuals leading a variety of markets of Vietnam. I plan to pursue the career of an international banker who does his best to contribute to banking sector of Vietnam as well as Korea. I wish to work in Vietnam where I have had the opportunity to meet brightest students and professors and social diversity can be strengthened in the field of banking.
I also hope to further expand my role as a group leader through designing global business strategies and planting motivations in the mind of young employees and give the fair chances to every employee to experience the ii fascination of banking industry. With strong motivation and extensive working and studying experiences, I firmly believe that I will become the one I want to be. Once again, I really appreciate my company for giving me such a great chance to learn a lot about Vietnam and also thank all of my Vietnamese friends who have actively supported me. My memories in Vietnam will stay with me forever.
iii Contents DECLARATION. ii LIST OF ACRONYMS. vi LIST OF TABLES. vii LIST OF FIGURES.
viii CHAPTER ONE. Significance of Study. Review of the Previous Studies and Researches Relating to the Thesis Title. Objective of Thesis.
Scope of Research. BASIC THEORY ON COMPETITIVE STRATEGY AND BANKING CONCENTRATION. Basic Concepts and Definitions. Bank Concentration Ratio.
Herfindahl – Hirschman Index (HHI). Tools for Business Environment Analysis and Building Competitive Strat egy. 12 iv CHAPTER THREE. ANALYSIS OF BANKING INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM AND SHINHAN BANK VIETNAM.
History of Banking in Vietnam. Structure of the Vietnam‟s Banking Sector. Analysis of Banking Concentration (CR / HHI). Bank Concentration Ratio Result.
The Herfindahl – Hirschman Index Result. Banking Sector Regulation in Vietnam. Banking Sector Development .3 Financial Innovation and Technological Advances. Shinhan Bank Vietnam.
PROPOSAL OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES AND S OLUTIONS FOR SHINHAN BANK VIETNAM. Learning Know- How from Shinhan Financial Group and Implementing “Spoke & Hub” strat egy. Focusing on Non Face-to-Face Transactions and ATM Business. Using Global Networks with Fast- Growing Economy to Overcome the Small Sized Assets and Network.
Proposal of Solutions for Implementing Competitive Strategies for Shinh an Bank. 54 v LIST OF ACRONYMS SBV State Bank of Vietnam SCP Structure – Conduct – Oerformance ESH Efficient Structure Hypothesis CR Concentration Ratio HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index IFE Internal Factor Evaluation EFE External Factor Evaluation TOWS Threat-Opportunity-Weakness-Strength Analysis IMF International Monetary Fund BSA Banking Supervisory Agency MOF Ministry of Finance SSC State Security Commission ISA Insurance Supervisory Agency SOCB State Owned Commercial Bank FOCB Foreign Owned Commercial Bank JSCB Joint Stock Commercial Bank CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio CI Credit Institution VAMC Vietnam Asset Management Company vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Key Statistical Ratios of credit institutions of Vietnam as of December 2018 .2: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) of Banks with the Implementation of Basel as of November 2019 .3: Bank Concentration Ratio Results .5: Shinhan Bank Vietnam Performance 2017-2018 .1: Opening New Branches Status. 50 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Structure of the Industry of Banking and Finance in Vietnam as of December 2018 .2: Structure of Banking Sector as of December 2018 .3: Market Share by the Number of Banks in Vietnam as of December 2018 .4: Credit and Deposit Growth .5: Bad Debt Ratio and ROE .6: Total Number of Banks in Vietnam from 2012 to 2018 .7: Bank Concentration Ratio Trend .9: Shinhan Financial Group‟s Net Income by International Business .10: Shinhan Financial Group‟s Asset by International Business .11: Shinhan Financial Group‟s Net Income & Asset Composition as of December 2018 .12: Golden population of Vietnam as of December 2017 .13: Market Position Analysis of Vietnam‟s Banking Industry as of D ecember 2018 .1: Income Bracket of 5 Major Cities of Vietnam (%) .2: Increase in Non Face-to-Face Transaction .3: Shinhan Fianncial Group‟s Indochina Region .4: The Spread of Population in Vietnam Based on Region and Incom e Level. 51 viii CHAPTER ONE.
Rationale Vietnam‟s economy has experienced strong growth, driven by international trade and foreign investment since the 2000s. Favorable government policies and laws, in combination with Vietnam‟s young, educated workforce and other advantages have allowed the country to develop into an attractive place to invest in South East Asia. In 1987, the National Assembly passed the Law on Foreign Investment and today, the country is reaping the benefits 30 years later. Between 2002 and 2018, more than 45 million people were lifted out of poverty.
Poverty rates declined sharply from over 70% to below 6%, and GDP per capita increased by 2.5 times, standing over US$2,500 in 2018. Meanwhile, Vietnam‟s banking and financial services sector is still under- developed but boasts high growth potential. Within this sector, according to the research from PwC Vietnam, growth is expected much more in retail banking, in particular payment cards and wealth management services. Demand for a range of retail banking products is set to grow due to the huge untapped market.
There is also opportunity to modernize Vietnam‟s cash- based society where 90% of payment transactions are stillin cash and the market for payment cards is relatively untapped. Since Shinhan Bank Vietnam has been focusing on retail business in Vietnam and has acquired ANZ Vietnam successfully in 2018, analyzing banking sector of Vietnam and finding competitive strategies for it will be meaningful. Moreover, in recent years, the Vietnam banking system has gone through a 1 big wave of restructuring where smaller and weak banks were acquired by or merged with bigger banks or came under supervision by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV). In order to provide Shinhan with competitive strategies, analyzing the banking sector of Vietnam should take first priority to figure out the degree of concentration and competition.
According to Sanya and Gaertner (2012), competition is the driving force to enhance the role of banks in an economy. Without competition, it is implausible to bring about efficiency and foster financial sector development. When there is a lack of competition in the market, banks exercise monopoly power and sets higher rates for loans and lower rates for deposits. Based on the empirical findings and the analysis using a variety of tools, this study focuses on suggesting competitive strategies for Shinhan Bank Vietnam to compete with Vietnamese commercial banks.
Significance of Study As explained in the previous chapter, this study aims to build competitive strategies for Shinhan Bank Vietnam based on the characteristics of Vietnam‟s financial market. Closely looking at the the Vietnam‟s market will give Shinhan Bank Vietnam meaningful messages because the banking industry of Vietnam is now attractive for all commercial banks including foreign banks like Shinhan in terms of a lot of opportunities from the fast growing economic environment, cash-based society, and the high demand for advanced retail banking services. Moreover, the degree of concentration in Vietnam‟s banking sector will 2 provide Shinhan with insights when establishing competitive strategies based on IFE, EFE and TOWS because according to the characteristics of banking sector, diverse strategies should be built so that Shinhan Bank Vietnam competes effectively and efficiently. Review of the Previous Studies and Researches Relating to the Thesis Title The purpose of this section is to concisely review significant studies carried as part of the current study.
Numerous researchers in developed countries have studied concentration and competition in the banking industry from different perspectives. However, little is known regarding Vietnam‟s banking sector in terms of concentration and competition. In addition, there have been no investigations for Shinhan Bank Vietnam from its point of view. Therefore, this review will focus on theoretical literature on measurement of competition and the review of relevant empirical studies on Vietnam‟s banking competition.
The fact that competition is a complex concept and not directly observable, has resulted in the development of many techniques for its assessment. One approach assesses competitiveness following the structure – conduct – performance (SCP) paradigm and the alternative efficient structure hypothesis (ESH). The SCP and ESH are the most commonly used approaches to gauge the effect of concentration on competition. The structure – conduct – performance joins structure and performance and defines the market structure by the level of concentration meaning that high concentration in the market implies high market power and it will lead to less competition while in a less concentrated market there will be lower market power and high competition.
The SCP is formerly developed by Bain (1956), this approach evaluates banking competition by applying concentration ratios and indexes. The two 3 broadly utilized methods of market concentrations are bank concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The bank concentration ratio sums only the market share of the largest banks in the industry, but HHI includes the market share of all banks in the industry to measure the level of concentration. Le Hai Trung (2014) investigated the competitive conditions and concentration of Vietnam‟s banking sector by using both concentration ratio and HHI Index for the period from 2007 to 2012.
His findings show that there had been a significant decrease in the market share of four largest banks and six largest banks suggesting the changing in the market structure in Vietnam‟s banking sector to a more competitive nature. However, the main drawback of using “k largest banks” ratio is that it does not account for the number of banks in the market although it introduces a direct indication to measure the concentration and competition in the industry. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is usually used to overcome this disadvantage.