MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY -------------------- TRUONG LY QUYNH NHI FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF HIGH QUALITY PROGRAM STUDENTS OF BANKING UNIVERSITY HCMC BACHELOR’S THESIS SPECIALIZED IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CODE: 7340101 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2018 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY -------------------- TRUONG LY QUYNH NHI FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF HIGH QUALITY PROGRAM STUDENTS OF BANKING UNIVERSITY HCMC BACHELOR’S THESIS SPECIALIZED IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CODE: 7340101 SUPERVISOR M. DINH THU QUYNH HO CHI MINH CITY, 2018 i ABSTRACT Most countries in the world have plans to support the formation of small businesses, especially the policy of encouraging students to start their own business. This can be explained by the fact that researchers hope that well-educated entrepreneurs will create businesses which has a faster and stronger growth than the others. To encourage graduates to pursue entrepreneurship, researchers believe that there should be more stimuluses while they were still undergraduates.
Entrepreneurial intention has an effect on students’ future attitude towards entrepreneurship. This study’s purpose is to understand how attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurship education affect entrepreneurial intention of high quality (HQ) program students of Banking University Ho Chi Minh City (BUH). This study conducted in Banking University Ho Chi Minh City through two steps, qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research conducted through group discussions with high quality program students in Banking University.
Quantitative research conducts on the application of techniques such as Cronbach's Alpha coefficient assay, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation of 5 variables test, ANOVA and multivariate regression. This study used statistical data processing software SPSS 20 to run the tests. Based on the research result, the determinant factors that affect entrepreneurial intention of HQ program students are attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurship education, in which the most influential factor is attitude toward the behavior and the least impact factor is perceived behavioral control. From the result of this study, we have come to some new suggestions for the school and policy makers.
These suggestions are training and supporting activities, propaganda campaigns. They can inspire and create motivation for students’ entrepreneurial intention, especially among high quality program students. ii DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY I the undersigned declare that all material presented in this paper is my own work or fully and specifically acknowledged wherever adapted from other sources. I understand that if at any time it is shown that I have significantly misrepresented material presented here, any degree or credits awarded to me on the basic of that material may be revoked.
I declared that all statements and information contained herein are true, correct and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief. Ho Chi Minh City, December 2018 Truong Ly Quynh Nhi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Mrs. Dinh Thu Quynh for her valuable guidance and patience during this period of writing the dissertation. Sometimes, I get discouraged and confused about what to do next or where to go, her specific comments, useful advices, and motivations make me more confident and overcome the initial difficulties to complete this research.
Once again, I really appreciate her enthusiasm and whole-hearted guidance. I am highly happy and fortunate to carry out this study under her supervisor. Special thanks to my family, who are the best supporters for me during my study and during my life. Next, my deeply thanks come to all of my friends who alway support me during time I study in university I am thankful for the times that they have listened to me, advised me and even comforted me.
Their kindly help, care and motivation gave me strength and lift me up all the trouble for the rest of my life. I also thank for assistance of lecturers in Management Department and also in Office of Academic Affairs during a period of studying for a bachelor degree at Banking University of Ho Chi Minh city. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .i DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.
iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION .vii THE LIST OF TABLES. viii THE LIST OF FIGURES. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. The necessity of the researching.
Objectives and exploration questions. Objectives of the thesis. Scope of the study. A significant of the exploration.
A structure of the thesis. 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention. Theory of Planned Behavior and Shapero’s Entrepreneurial Event model.
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Review of relevant theoretical models. Model by Francisco Linan (2004).
Model from Ahmed et al. Model by Sofia Karali (2013). Model from Nguyen Doan Chi Luan (2012). Model from Phan Anh Tu and Giang Thi Cam Tien (2015).
The current status of entrepreneurship in Vietnam and Banking University 23 2. Proposed theoretical framework. Attitude toward the behavior. Perceived behavioral control.
36 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Scale construction and questionnaire. Operational definition and variables measurement. Qualitative interview, form the draft scale.
Sample size selective. Sampling method and survey subjects. Measure the scale. Evaluate the regression of the model.
53 CHAPTER 4: RESULT’S ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. Descriptive statistics analysis and data examination. Result of Cronbach’s Alpha. Evaluating attitude toward the behavior scale.
Evaluating subjective norm scale. Evaluating perceived behavioral control scale. Evaluating entrepreneurship education scale. Evaluating entrepreneurial intention scale.
Result of exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Factor analysis for independent variables. Factor analysis for dependent variables. Result of regression analysis.
75 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Recommendations of the study. Limitations of the study. Recommendations for future study.
89 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATION Abbreviation Meaning ANOVA Analysis of variance AT Attitude toward the behavior BUH Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City EE Entrepreneurship education EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis EI Entrepreneurial intention HCMC HCMC Ho Chi Minh City HQ High quality KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin PBC Perceived Behavioral Control SEE Shapero’s Entrepreneurial Event model SN Subjective Norm SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science TPB Theory of Planned Behavior TRA Theory of Reasoned Action viii THE LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Descriptive statistics analysis. Result of the reliability assessment of attitude toward the behavior scale. Result of the reliability assessment of subjective norm scale.
Result of the reliability assessment of perceived behavioral control scale. Result of the reliability assessment of entrepreneurship education scale. Result of the reliability assessment of entrepreneurial intention scale. The independent variables analysis’s result in the first time (EFA test).
The result of KMO and Bartlett’s Test for independent variables in the second time (EFA test). Eigenvalues and covariance deviations for independent variables in the second time (EFA test). Result of independent factor analysis with Principal Varimax rotation method in the second time (EFA test). The result of KMO and Bartlett’s Test for dependent variables.
Eigenvalues and covariance deviations for dependent variables. The factor rotation matrix of the dependent variable. Result of the reliability assessment of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control scale. Pearson correlation analysis.
Result of dependent variables’ linear regression. Summary the testing result of hypothesis about entrepreneurial intention of HQ program students of BUH. 74 ix THE LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA).
Shapero’s Entrepreneurial Event (Shapero and Sokol 1982). Theory of Planned Behavior. Entrepreneurial intention model by Francisco Linan. Model from Ahmed et al.
Model from Sofia Karali. Entrepreneurial Intention Model by Nguyen Doan Chi Luan. Entrepreneurial intention model by Phan Anh Tu. Experience in business (N=280).
Family Own Business (N=280). The necessity of the researching Nowadays, business has become a key factor in the development of all nations since the start of globalization. Entrepreneurship has played a key role in economic and social development since the start of globalization. Entrepreneurship associated benefits, such as self-employment, increased living standards, poverty reduction, social and economic advancement, have become more and more recognizable at both individual and societal levels.
Nowadays, the new generation – the millennials – tends to choose entrepreneurship as their profession and becoming self-employed has become a more preferred choice (Wang, Wei and John, 2011). The Vietnamese culture supports entrepreneurs. Vietnamese government is also making a lot of effort to support entrepreneurs and startups. According to Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s 2017 report, 63.4% of adults want to become entrepreneurs.
Having recognized the importance of entrepreneurial mindset development guidance for the youth, Ministry of Science and Technology founded Startup Vietnam Foundation, which aim to motivate entrepreneurships and startups, in 2014. This demonstrate how important entrepreneurships are to the national economy development because small and medium enterprises contributed 45% of GDP, 31% of the government yearly budget and 90% of new employment creations (Nguyen Hoa, 2016). The Government of Vietnam has undertaken several initiatives and instituted policy measures to foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in the country, especially for undergraduates. Undergraduates are the future of the nation and well- trained students have the potential to be successful entrepreneurs in the future over untrained ones.
However, most new graduates tend to apply at currently active enterprises. Very few others dare to become entrepreneurs. The reason behind this is 2 the low entrepreneurial spirit. The unemployment rate among bachelor’s degree graduates is on the rise.
According to the General Statistics Office of Viet Nam, the unemployment rate among bachelor’s degree graduates in Viet Nam is approximately at 4%. At the end of July 2018, there are 237,000 of unemployed university graduates among people age 20 to 24, 53,900 higher than the first quarter of 2018. The unemployment rate in this group of workers was 4.5%, higher than the 3.63% of the quarter before. These statistics reports show how new entrepreneurships can help to reduce unemployment by creating more jobs available and thus relief the unemployment issue of the society.
For more than 40 years, the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh city (BUH) has been one of the leading institutions in research, training and technology transfer in the fields of economics, finance and banking. Thousands of graduates with bachelor, master and doctoral degrees have made significant contributions to the social and economic development of the country. The school’s reputation is undisputedly one of the best universities in Vietnam. The school’s high quality program started in 2013 and there have been six generations of the high quality program, with over 1668 graduates major in finance and banking, business administration and accounting.
High quality (HQ) program focuses on giving students advanced English and soft skills such as presentation, communication and writing skills. These trainings can produce better students equipped with good knowledge and working skills. Moreover, BUH is very interested in students’ entrepreneurship, making students ready to cope with difficulties by teaching Entrepreneurship subject in English, creating entrepreneurs club (FIC), conducting scientific researches in business projects and creating many other entrepreneurship-motivating activities. Students from high quality program are very active and have a high spirit of entrepreneurship.
Many of them already start their own businesses while studying at BUH such as selling clothes online, opening coffee shops, etc. 3 Knowing more about factors affecting the entrepreneurship intention becomes necessary, especially in Vietnam context. Therefore, the author decided to choose the topic: “Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of high quality program students of Banking University Ho Chi Minh City”.