MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING VU THU HA FACTORS AFFECTING BANK PROFITABILITY: THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE AND BANKING CODE: 7340201 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING VU THU HA FACTORS AFFECTING BANK PROFITABILITY: THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE AND BANKING CODE: 7340201 SCIENCE INSTRUCTOR Dr. NGUYEN DUY LINH HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 i ABSTRACT The thesis studies the factors affecting the profitability of Vietnamese commercial banks through data of 14 commercial banks obtained from audited financial statements and macro information from World Bank published in the period from 2008 to 2020. The study selects return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as dependent variables. Through the results of the multivariable regression model, the Random Effects Model (REM) was considered to be the most suitable.
However, the REM model has autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. To overcome these defects, the thesis implements regression model using the sum of Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). Research results show that inflation rate and bank size have a positive effect on bank profitability through both ROA and ROE models, whereas, deposits to total assets ratio, noninterest income to operating income ratio, liquidity creation have negative effects on both models. Loan loss provisions to loans and leases ratio has a negative impact on bank returns through ROE model.
However, loans and leases to total assets ratio only has an inverse influence on ROA. Capital positively affects Vietnamese commercial bank profitability through the ROA variable. Macroeconomic indicator such as GDP has no impact on profitability of Vietnamese commercial banks through neither ROA nor ROE. From the study results, the thesis demonstrates the limitations of this study and suggests future research directions.
Keywords: Bank profitability, Commercial bank, Financial factors ii DECLARATION I declare that the graduation thesis is the work of my own at the university. The survey data are collected from reality. Research results, information and data used in the thesis have clear origins, are and have never been published in any research. I take full responsibility for the truthfulness of this research thesis.
The author Vu Thu Ha ii ACKNOWLEGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Nguyen Duy Linh - the supervisor who directly guides my thesis, who has always spent plenty of time and effort to guide, support and help me during the research process. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to the teachers of the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, who devotedly imparted knowledge during my study at the school. I am also very grateful to my family, friends and relatives who have always been by my side to encourage me throughout the process of completing the thesis.
Despite many efforts, but in this thesis, it is inevitable that there are shortcomings. I hope that the teachers and those who are interested in the topic continue to have comments and suggestions to help improve the topic. I sincerely thank you! i CONTENTS ABSTRACT.iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.viii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES.
RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE. Data collecting method. THE STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH.4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. THEORETICAL BASIS OF BANK PROFITABILITY.
FACTORS AFFECTING BANK PROFITABILITY. Bank-specific factors. Loans and leases. Loan loss provisions.
Gross Dometic Product (GDP). REGRESSION RESULT OF ROA. Regression analysis result summary. Choosing suitable regression model.
Pooled OLS and REM regression. FEM and REM. Regression defect testing. REGRESSION RESULT OF ROE.
Regression analysis of ROE result summary. Choosing suitable regression model. Pooled OLS and FEM. FEM and REM.
Regression defect testing. Fixing regression model defect.51 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. Recommendation for liquidity creation. Recommendation for bank scale.
Recommendation for deposit controlling. Recommendation for lending activity credit risk managing. Recommendation for capital strengthening. Recommendation for targets following inflation control.
LIMITATION OF THE TOPIC AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION. Future research direction. 74 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning GDP Gross Domestic Product FEM Fixed Effect Model REM Random Effect Model OLS Ordinary Least Square GLS Generalized Least Squares FGLS Feasible Generalized Least Squares ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity i LIST OF TABLES Table Name of Table Page 2.1 Summary of factors affecting bank profitability 17 3.1 Liquidity creation categorizing and weighting 29 3.2 Matrix of correlation between variables 38 4.3 Result of multicollinearity testing 39 4.4 Summarizing regression models of ROA 41 4.5 Result of Lagrange test on ROA 42 4.6 Result of Hausman test on ROA 43 4.7 Result of heteroscedasticity testing on ROA 44 4.8 Result of autocorrelation testing on ROA 44 4.9 FGLS regression analysis of ROA 45 4.10 Summarizing regression models of ROE 47 4.11 FEM regression analysis of ROE result 48 4.12 Result of Hausman test on ROE 49 4.13 Result of heteroscedasticity testing on ROE 49 4.14 Result of autocorrelation testing on ROE 50 4.15 FGLS regression analysis of ROE 51 4.16 Summarizing suitable regression models of ROA and ROE 52 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure Name of Figure Page 3.1 Research process 22 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter introduces the overview of the research, the reasons for choosing the topic, the research objectives, the research questions, the subjects and scope of the study, the research method, and the main content of the thesis. INTRODUCTION Banking system is one of the essential factors contributing to the development of the economy.
Banking is an important link in the process of leading the prosperity of a country. In recent years, we have witnessed the domestic banking system's increasingly complete and growing development. Therefore, a matter of concern and top priority is the performance of banks. Well-functioning banks reflect the circulation and high efficiency of capital flow in the economy, creating financial resources for the state, jobs for the people, and connection between economic subjects.
So, the analysis and measurement of profitability and related influencing factors are necessary to assess the overall performance and business situation for proposing policies and measures to improve the economy. The activities of commercial banks as business organizations are based on the economic accounting regime with the goal of producing a profit. In fact, to realize the long-term overarching goal of commercial banks, which is to maximize profits, there are many commercial banks that do not currently set the goal of profit but instead implement the goals of improving productivity and quality of products, improve the reputation of commercial banks, expand the market in both depth and breadth, etc. Therefore, the effective targets of profit are not important but rather the criteria related to the objectives of commercial banks, we cannot conclude that commercial banks are operating inefficiently.
As such, short-term performance and effectiveness metrics may be at odds with long-term performance metrics, but their purpose is to achieve long-term performance targets. 2 However, not all commercial banks invest in-depth. On the contrary, most are aiming for the immediate goals of survival and profit. The goals are still not easily achieved, because commercial banks often face a number of barriers.
Consequently, starting from practical requirements in learning about the effect of financial factors on the profitability of Vietnamese commercial banks, the author chooses the topic "Factors affecting the bank profitability: The case of commercial banks in Vietnam”. The research results will clarify the impact of determinants on the financial situation of Vietnamese commercial banks. Besides, the thesis will argue and give governance implications for bank administrators. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of potential factors on bank profitability.
Especially, this thesis estimates the impact of liquidity creation on bank profitability, which is a new factor that has not been considered much yet in other previous studies. To achieve this general goal, this study sets out the following specific research objectives: To systematize the theoretical basis of the factors affecting the bank profitability of the commercial banks in Vietnam. To analyze and evaluate the impact of each factor on the bank profitability. To give recommendations to help bank managers regulate appropriate policies.
RESEARCH QUESTION To successfully complete the research objectives, the study must answer the following questions respectively: What is profitability of commercial bank? How is it measured? How to measure factors influencing bank profitability, including liquidity creation? 3 How to build and test models to estimate the effect of each determinant affecting the bank profitability of commercial bank? What solutions are offered so that banks can improve their profitability to ensure sustainable development of the banks? 1. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE The subjects of this study are financial determinants affecting bank profitability. The study collects financial indicators’ data from financial statements of 14 Vietnamese commercial banks during 2008 - 2020. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research method used in the thesis is a quantitative method using Stata software to test the research hypotheses.
The author also uses data collecting method to collect data, supporting the research purpose. Regression method Quantitative analysis method: This is the official research of the topic to draw conclusions. In this method, the author tests the variables using many different econometric models, including a regression model with balanced panel data along with impact estimates Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect, Random Effect,… In order to be suitable for testing, in this thesis, the author uses a multivariate regression model of balanced panel data. Data collecting method The author collects research data from audited consolidated financial statements, annual reports of each bank published on the bank's website, the VietstockFinance website and World Bank.
The analytical data includes internal 4 characteristics of banks and macroeconomic factors of the Vietnamese economy with a sample of 14 banks in the period 2008-2020. EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION The research results of the thesis have scientific and practical significance:. Firstly, the research contributes to identifying the factors having impact on the profitability of Vietnamese commercial banking system in the period 2008- 2020, especially liquidity creation. In addition, the study contributes to supplementing empirical evidence for future scientific research references.
Secondly, this is a study with the aim of re-testing previous research results with research data of 14 Vietnamese commercial banks in the system, helping readers have a better overview of financial indicators influencing profitability of the system of commercial banks in Vietnam, thereby making some recommendations to improve the operational efficiency of the bank. THE STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH To achieve the research objectives, the author divides the content into five specific chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Through Chapter 1, the author introduces the overview of the research topic, including reasons for choosing the topic research, research objectives and questions, research subjects and scope, research methodology, practical contribution. Chapter 2: Literature review This chapter presents the theoretical basis as well as practical evidence through previous research. From there, the author mentions the research’s gaps.
Chapter 3: Data and methodology of research 5 This section presents research methods, procedures, and construction methods, scale construction, sampling method, information collection process, processing tools data, and data analysis techniques used in the research process. Chapter 4: Empirical results This chapter shows and interprets the results of the formal quantitative research the analysis and processing of data collected through Stata software, including results of sample descriptive statistics, regression analysis, testing of hypotheses Theory. Then, give an explanation of the impact of independent variables on the dependent variables. Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations In this last section, relevant conclusions about the research problem are drawn.
This study will suggest some solutions for bank administrators and list a few points of direction for future research. Summary of Chapter 1 Chapter 1 displays an overview of issues related to the research topic, including objectives and tasks of research, research problems and questions, research objects and scope research, research methods and data, and the contributions of the study.