BANKING ACADEMY FINANCE FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS TITLE: THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF REAL ESTATE ENTERPRISES LISTED IN THE VIETNAM STOCK MARKET Student name : Nguyen Thi Lan Class : K22CLCB Academic year : 2019-2023 Student ID : 22A4011104 Instructor : Assoc. Le Thi Dieu Huyen Hanoi, May 2023 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the graduation thesis entitled: “The impact of working capital management on the profit rate of real estate enterprise estates listed on the vietnam stock market” is the result of my own research with the guidance of Associate Professor. Le Thi Dieu Huyen - Lecturer of the Faculty of Finance, Banking Academy of Viet Nam. I hereby declare that the data in this study are presented honestly, and the secondary data used in the research are all quoted and referenced from reputable and accurate data sources in accordance with the regulations of Banking Academy of Viet Nam.
I warrant that I have not copied any other author's work or used any material from other sources without permission. I take responsibility for this commitment! Hanoi, May 15, 2023 Nguyen Thi Lan i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT For me, enrolling in the Banking Academy of Vietnam's Finance Faculty's Advanced Program has been an incredible trip full of happy experiences. Without the assistance and support of my teachers and family, I would never have been able to finish the meaningful journey, as well as my graduation thesis. First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to all the lecturers at Banking Academy in general and the Finance Faculty in particular for the valuable information they have provided to me over my four-year study.
Their lectures have provided me with excellent chances to widen my perspective. Second, I want to express my sincere appreciation to Associate Prof. Le Thi Dieu Huyen, Vice Dean of Finance Faculty in the Banking Academy of Vietnam, who has put in a lot of time and effort to help me with my graduation thesis. Her detailed guidance and valuable suggestions have a significant contribution to the completion of my graduation thesis.
Finally, I want to acknowledge my parents and friends, who have always been the biggest inspirations for all I have done in my life. I am eternally grateful for their love and support. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.
iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vii LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF TABLES. Urgency of the topic.
Specific research tasks. Object and scope of research. Literature review about the impact of working capital management on the finances of businesses. The theoretical review of working capital.
The concept of working capital. Characteristics of working capital. The role of working capital. Classification of working capital.
The theoretical review of working capital management. The concept of working capital management. The components of working capital management of the enterprise. Working Capital Management Policies.
Capital structure overview. Indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of working capital management of enterprises. Accounts Receivable management. Accounts Payable management.
Factors affecting working capital management. External business factors. Internal business factors. Theoretical review of the profitability of the business.
The concept of the profitability of the business. Indicators to evaluate the profitability of the business. The impact of working capital management on the profitable of enterprises. Overview of foreign research.
Overview of domestic research. DATA AND METHODOLOGY. Data collecting method. Data collection and sample.
Overview of the research model affecting working capital management's profitability. Research model of the impact of working capital management on the profitability of the enterprise. ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF REAL ESTATE ENTERPRISES ON THE VIETNAM MARKET IN 2013-2022. The situation in Vietnam.
Overview of Vietnam real estate market. Segments of Vietnam's real estate industry. The current situation of the Vietnamese real estate market from 2013 to 2022. Prospects of Vietnam real estate industry.
The status of working capital management of listed real estate companies in Vietnam. The metrics evaluating working capital management. The indicators reflecting the profitability of the company. 76 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULT.
Recommendations for the Vietnam real estate enterprises. For inventory management of real estate businesses. For accounts receivable management of real estate businesses. For accounts payable management of real estate businesses.
Recommendations for stakeholders involved. Limitations and directions for future research. 104 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning WCM Working capital management GDP Gross domestic products growth NDI Number of days inventories NDR Number of days accounts receivable NDP Number of days accounts payables CCC Cash conversion cycle ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity SG Sale growth CR Current ratio AP Accounts payable turnover ratio AR Accounts receivable turnover ratio AI Inventory turnover FFAR Fixed financial assets ratio LEV Leverage ratio SIZE Total assets vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Working Capital in Balance sheet.
A typical working capital cycle. A Working Capital Cycle. Miller-Orr cash management model. Cash conversion cycle.
The Vietnam's real estate industry growth in 2012-2022. Supply and transactions of commercial and residential real estate in the period 2013-2022. The average annual Cash & Cash equivalents of Vietnam’s real estate industry in the period 2013-2022. The average annual inventory of Vietnam’s real estate industry in the period 2013-2022.
The average annual accounts receivable of Vietnam’s real estate industry in the period 2013-2022. The average accounts payable of Vietnam’s real estate industry in the period 2013-2022. 72 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Describe the variable.
Summary of research hypotheses on working capital management. The average ROA ratio of Vietnam’s real estate industry. The average ROE ratio of Vietnam’s real estate industry. Descriptive statistics of the variables in the model.
VIF test of the model. White’s test results of the first set of model regressed ROA. White’s test results of the second set of model regressed ROE. Wooldridge test results of the first set of model regressed ROA.
Wooldridge test results of the second set of model regressed ROE. Regression Results of WCM Effect on ROA as the dependent variable. Regression Results of WCM Effect on ROE as the dependent variable. Summary of results of the WCM effect on the profitability.
Urgency of the topic The whole world fell into a severe financial crisis in the period 2007-2009, which resulted in the collapse of numerous enormous businesses around the globe, which attracted great concern from financial businesses managers to focus more on how to effectively manage organizational resources, especially working capital management (Mielcarz et al. Theoretically, working capital decisions affect both the liquidity and profitability of the firm (Raheman & Nasr, 2007). Furthermore, optimal working capital management positively contributes to building up a company's worth (Bhatia & Srivastava, 2016). According to Ross, Westerfield, and Jaffe (2016), financial managers need to carefully examine a number of crucial issues, including working capital management (WCM), besides capital budget (investment decision), capital structure (financial decisions), and the dividend policy of each company.
Working capital also known as net working capital or short-term working capital (Lamptey et al., 2017) is a resource/capital that is dedicated to the smooth running of day-to-day operations of enterprises (representing the operating liquidity of the firm), so that the enterprise always has enough cash to meet its regular short-term liabilities when due in full and on time. Net working capital is the lifeblood of business entities, and working capital management is considered an imperative role of financial management (Afrifa, 2013). According to the research of Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan (2010), mathematically, WCM is defined as current assets minus current liabilities, WC (working capital is related to accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable are the main components of the business). Working capital is the most important factor when it comes to maintaining the liquidity, solvency, viability, and profitability of the business.
It is important that WCM can improve the performance of a company because the goal of businesses is to maintain a balance in day-to-day operations to maximize profits and minimize liquidity risks. A company's day-to-day operations can be negatively affected by a lack of working capital. Excess working capital will increase 1 opportunity costs, especially in organizations that use external sources of financing for working capital. Therefore, working capital should be managed at an optimal level in a business.
It is essential to comprehend the factors and driving forces that increase or decrease the WC to the optimal level that will lead to improved performance of the company. Moreover, WCM plays an important role in business management, it can directly affect the success or failure of a business in business because WCM affects the ability to enterprise profitability. As a result, this research becomes more important for all analysts and investment policymakers, who can rely on it to make decisions and get an idea of the company's performance. However, the question is, to what extent will the company's management of short-term assets and short-term liabilities affect its profitability? On the other hand, the mission of every business-oriented company is to maximize shareholder wealth through stock price appreciation.
This can be achieved through profit maximization through effective management of the company's working capital so that they maintain a competitive advantage, maximize operational efficiency, improve revenue and increase profitability, in order to ensure the sustainable growth of the company in today's competitive global economy. Meanwhile, the global economy has benefited greatly from emerging economies, whose gross domestic productgrowth indicators are substantially greater than in other regions of the world. Moreover, Vietnam economy is very promising, having grown recently at a very favorable pace and becoming more and more appealing to international investment because of its diverse open economy. According to Al-Najjar (2013), these emerging markets make up a sizeable portion of the global economy and are capable of catching up with the sales of developed economies at a lower cost and risk, so investors are urged to make investments in these markets, which include Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan (China), India,.There must be a constructive role for Vietnam real estate sector in that development trend.
Vietnam real estate industry plays an important role in the national economy growth and is one of the 20 tier-1 economic sectors, ranking 9th in terms of the value scale. 2 The Vietnam Real Estate Association (2022) recently released a study showing that the contribution of the Real Estate market is significant at about 14% to GDP in the period of 2019-2021 and it is forecast that this proportion will increase to 20% until 2030. The real estate market is capable of spreading to over 40 other important sectors of the economy and becoming a bridge for other markets, contributing to the synchronous development of all types of markets, especially related industries such as construction, finance-banking, processing industry, tourism, accommodation - catering,. Contrary to 2021-2022, real estate stocks have had a sublime year with the general increase of the stock market, real estate stocks have contributed greatly to the strong growth momentum of the VN-Index, 2022-2023 is a “dark year” with Real estate businesses in Vietnam, it is heavily affected by the pressure of rising interest rates and tightening credit making businesses struggle in how to maintain cash flow to continue operating, how does the business have enough resources to pay short-term debts as they come due? Therefore, it is very essential to clarify the role of working capital management on the profitability of real estate businesses on the Vietnam stock market.
Nevertheless, there is little empirical research on this subject, particularly when focusing on a specific industry.