b U GIAO DUC VA OAO TAO uvan TAP HAI NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VI^T NAM BO GIAO DUC VA OAO TAO PHAN TRONG L U A N (T6ng Chu bien) LA N H A M T H I N (Chu bien phan Van) - BUI MINH T O A N (Chu bien phin Tieng Vi$t) L £ A (Chu bien phan Lam van) NGUYfiN T H A I H O A - D6 KIM H 6 I - NGUYfiN X U A N NAM VU DUONG QUY - DANG DUC SifiU - TR A N NHO THIN LUONG DUY THU - DOAN THI THU VAN Ngu: van (Tdi bdn ldn thii tu) NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC VI^T NAM Ban quyen thuoc Nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam - Bo Giao due va Dao tao. 01-2010/CXB/557-1485/GD Ma sd: CH012T0 P H U S O N G BACH D A N G TRUONG HAN smu [Bach Ddng giang ph u) KET QUA CAN OAT -^ • Qua nhOng hoai niem ve qua khCr, thay dugc niem t u hao ve truyen thong cua dan toe va t u tuang nhan van cua tac gia vai viec d& cao vai tro, vi trf cua con nguai trong lich su. • Nam dugc dac trung c a ban cua the phu ve cac mat ket cau, hinh tugng nghe thuat, lai van, dong thai thay dugc nhung dac sic nghe thuat cua PInu song Bach Dang. TIEU DAN Truong Han Sieu (? - 1354) tu la Thang Phu, nguoi lang Phiic Am, huyen Yen Ninh (nay thuoc thanh pho Ninh Binh), vdn la mon khach (khach trong nha) cua Tr4n Hung Dao, doi Tran Anh Tong glQ chuc Han lam hoc si. Nam 1351, ong dugc thang Tham tri chfnh su. Khi mat, ong duoc vua tang tuoc Thai bao. Thai pho va dugc tha a Van Mieu (Ha Ngi). Truong Han Sieu tfnh tinh cuong true, hgc van uyen tham, dugc cac vua Tran tin cay, nhan dan kinh trgng. Tac pham hien con lai khong nhieu, trong do c6 bai Phii song Bach Ddng. Bach Ding la mgt nhanh song dd ra bien Ddng, nam giiia Quang Ninh va Hai Phdng, noi ghi dau nhifeu chien cdng trong lich su giu nudc ciia dan tdc. Dang nhd nhat la cac tran thuy chien : nam 938, Ngd Quyen pha tan quan Nam Han; nam 1288, Tran Qud'c Tuan danh tan quan Mdng - Nguyen. Nhieu tac gia da viet ve de tai sdng Bach Ding nhu: Tran Minh Tdng {Bach Ddng giang), NguySn Sudng {B^h Ddng giang], NguySn Trai {Bach Ddng hdi khdu), NguySn Mgng Tuan {Hau Bach Dang giang phii,. Trong do ndi tieng nhat la Truong Han Sieu vdi Bach Ddng giang phii (Phii song Bach Ddng). Chua ro bai phii dugc viet nam nao, cd le vao khoing 50 nam sau cudc khang chien chdng giac Mdng - Nguyen thing Igi. Pha song Bach Ddng mang nhung dac trung co ban cua the phii. Phii la mdt the van cd van hoac xen lan van van va van xudi, dting de ta canh vat, phong tuc, ke su viec, ban chuyen ddi,. Mdt bai phii thudng gdm4 doan : doan md, doan giai thi'ch, doan binh luan va doan ket. Bd cue baf Phii song Bach Ddng cua Truong Han Sieu cung gidng bd cue ciia bai phii nd'i chung. Nd dugc lam theo ldi phii cd the (loai phii cd trudc thdi Dudng, cd van, khdng nhat thie't phai cd ddi, cud'i bai thudng dugc ket lai bang tha). Ban dich dudi day ndi chung theo nguyen dieu, chi hai bai ca cudi dugc chuyen sang the luc bat. VAN BAN K h a c h ' " CO k e : Gluong buom giong gio chai voi, Luot be choi trang mai miet. Sam go thuyen chu'^) Nguyen, Tuang, Chieu lan tham chir Vu Huyet'^^. Cuu Giang, Ngu Ho^), Tam Ngo, Bach Viet'S), Noi CO nguoi di, dau ma chang biet. Dam Van Mpng'^' chiia vai trSm trong da cung nhieu. Ma trang chi bon phuang van con tha thiet. Ben giiia dong chir buong cheo. Hoc Tir Truong'^' chir thti tieu dao'^^ Qua cira Dai Than, ngugc ben Dong Trleu'^^ Den song Bach Dang, thuyen boi mot chieu. Bat ngat song kinh'^"' muon dam, Thuat tha duoi tri'i ^^ mot mau.troi : mpt sic, phong canh : ba thu'^^', Ba lau san sat, ben laeh diu hiu. Song chim giao gay, go day xuang kho, Buon vi canh tham, diing lang gia lau. (1) Khdch: phii cd the thudng dung Idi "chu - khach ddi dap", co nhan vat "khach" ke chuyen cho hap din. O day cd the la tac gia tu xung. (2) Cfiie: dich chu "he" trong nguyen tac. Chii "he" la mgt tii d0m cd trong S& tic cua Trung Qude, thudng diing xen vao trong nhieu bai phii. (3) Nguyen, Tuong, Vu Huyet: song Nguyen, song Tuong d tinh Ho Nam va Vu Huyet d niii Cdi Ke,. tinh Chie't Giang, dSu la phong canh dep cua Trung Quoc. (4) Ciru Giang: ten song, sd dl ggi la Ciiu Giang vi con song do do chin con song nhd hgp thanh. Ngu Ho: cd hai nghla: Ngu Ho la biet danh ciia Thai Ho; Ngu Ho la nam ho (hai khu vuc nSm hd, mgt lay hd Dgng Dinh lam trung tam, mSt lay Thai Ho Iam trung tam). (5) Tam Ngo : ten mgt vdng dat cu ciia nudc Ngo bao gom ba dia phuong. Bach Viet: ten chung chi cac bg tgc ngudi Viet cd sdng d phia nam song Truong Giang (Trung Quoc). (6) Vdn Mong: vung dam nudc rgng Idn cua Trung Qude. (7) Tic Trudng: ten chu cua Tu Ma Thien, mdt stt gia ndi tieng cua Trung Quoc thai Han, ngudi da tung du Iich nhieu thing canh va di ti'ch lich sii. (8) Tieu dao : thanh thoi di day di dd, khdng chiit ban tam. (9) Dai Than, Dong Trieu: ten ciia bien, ten huyen viing song Bach Ding, Quang Ninh hifin nay. (11) Duoi tri: duoi chim tri cd hinh dai nhu banh lai thuyen. Y ta nhung con thuyen ndi duoi nhau di tren song. (12) Bathu: co ba each hieu: ba mda thu (ba nam), ba thang cua miia thu, thing thii ba cua mua thu ; d day theo nghia thii ba. Thuang n6l anh himg dau vang ta'", Tig'c thay dau vet luong con Itru! Ben song cac bo lao, h6i y ta sa cau'^' ? Co ke gay le'^' chong truac, co nguoi thuyen nhe boi sau, Vai ta ma thira ring: Day la noi chien dia buoi Trimg Hung nhi thanh^' bat 6 Ma'^', Cting la bai dat xua, thua tnrac Ngo chiia'^' pha Hoang Thao''^'. Duong khi ay: Thuyen be muon dpi, tinh ki'^^ phap phdi. Hung ho sau quan'^', giao guam sang choi. Tran danh duac thua chua phan, Chien luy bae nam chong doi. Anh nhat nguyet chir phai mo, Bau trdi dat chir sap ddi. Kia: Tat Liet the cuang, Luu Cung'^"' chuac ddi, Nhiing tuong gieo roi'^" mpt lan, Quet sach Nam bang bdn coi! Thd nhtmg: Trdi ciing chieu ngudi, Hung do het ldl! Khae nao nhu khi xua : Tran Xich Bich quan Tao Thao tan tac tro bay'^^', Tran Hpp Phi giac Bo Kien hoan toan chet trui'^^^. (1) Td:t\i viia co nghia nghi v&, vira co nghla cam than, nay it diing. (2) S&cdu: dieu mudn cd, mudn tim. (3) Gay le: gay lilm bang gd cay le. (5) O'Md: tuc 6 Ma Nhi, ttrdng giac Nguyen bi bit sdng d tran Bach Ding nam 1288. (6) Ngo chiia: Ngo Quyen. (7) Hodng Thao (co each dgc khae la Hoing Thdo): con Ltru Cung, vua Nam Han. Hoing Thao bi thua tran va chet d song Bach Ding nam 938. (8) Tinh ki: cd. (9) Sdu qudn : theo cich to chuc quin ddi xua d Trung Quoc. 6 day y ndi quan dgi hung manh. (10) Tdt Liet: tiic Hdt Tat Liet. Luu Cung: vua Nam Han. ' (11) Gieo roi: Bo Kien ntr6c Tan khi vao danh nu6c Tin co noi: "Cii nhu sd quan cua ta thi chi nem roi ngua xudng song cung ngan dong ntr6c lai dugc". Tac gia mugn y nay de noi quan Nguyen vao danh nudc ta cflng y th^ quan dong tuang manh. (12) Xich Bich : day mii ben ba song Duong Tu. Thai Tam quoc, Chu Du diing ke hoa cong cua Gia Cat Lugng ddt thuyen dinh tan 82 van quan Tao Thao tren quang song nay. (13) Hop Phi: ten mgt huy?n thugc tinh An Huy, Trung Quoc, nai song Hoai hgp vai song Phi. Ta Huyen da danh tan 100 van quan Bo Kien d day. Den nay nuae song tuy chay hoai. Ma nhuc quan thu khon rira ndi! Tai tao cong lao'", nghin xua ca nggi. Tuy nhien : Tir co vii tru, da co giang san. Qua la : Trdi dat cho noi hiem tra, Cdng nhd: Nhan tai giir cupc dien an'^'. Hpi nao bang hpi Manh Tan : nhu vuong su hp La'^', Tran nao bang tran Duy Thuy: nhu qude si hp Han<'*\ Kia tran Bach Dang ma dai thang, Boi dai vuong coi the giac nhan'^'. Tieng thom cdn mai, bia mieng khong mdn. Den ben sdng chir hd mat, Nho ngudi xua chir le chan'^'. Rdi vira di vira'ca rang : Song Ddng mot ddi ddi ghe, Luong to song lon don ve bien Dong. Nhiing nguai bdt nghia ti§u vong, Nghin thu chico anh hung luu danh. Khach ciing ndi tiep ma ca rang: Anh minh hai vi thdnh qudn^^\ Song ddy rua sack mdy ldn gidp binh^^\ Giac tan muon thua thdng binh. Bai ddu ddt hiem cdt minh dice cao^^^. Theo ban dich cua DONG CHAU NGUYfiN HUU TIEN, BIJI VAN NGUYEN chinh Ii {H(/p tuyen tha vdn Viet Nam, tap II - Vdn hqc the kiX - the ki XVII NXB van hgc. Ha Ngi, 1976) (1) Tdi too cong lao-.yea nggi cac vua Tran da mgt Ian nua lap nen chien cong treii song Bach Ding. (2) Dien an : hoa binh, an ninh vung ben. (3) O day tac gia vi viec Tran Quoc Tuan hoi quan tai ben Binh Than nhu viec La Vgng giiip Vu Vuong hgi quan d ben Manh Tan. (4) Buy Thuy: mgt con song d tinh Son Dong, Tmng Quoc, noi Han Tin - mgt tuong gidi cua Han Cao To - dung meo thao nuoc danh thing quan Tg. Hai cau nay y noi trong tran giao tranh vdi giac Mong - Nguyen, ta co cac tudng vtra gidi chien tran vua muu lugc. (5) The gidc nhdn: the giac dk pha. Dai vuong: chi Htmg Dao Dai Vuong Tran Quoc Tuan. Sau hai Ian tha't bai, nam 1287, giac Mong - Nguyen lai sang xam lugc nuoc ta, vua Tran Nhan Tong hoi Tran Quoc Tuan : "Giac den Iam the nao ?". Ong tau : "Nam nay the giac nhan". (6) Hai cau nay trong nguyen van la : "Hoai cd nhan he vin the - Lam giang Iuu he hau nhan", cin tranh hieu Iam la Iai nhan vat khach tu n6i ma vin la lai cac bo lao noi voi khach. (7) Hai vi thdnh qudn : tiic Tran Thanh Tong va Tran Nhan Tong. (8) Gidp binh : ao giap va binh khf. (9) Dtic cao: dich y cau "y diic mac kinh", sach Td truyen cd cau "mac chi du kinh", nghia la khong gi lan bing. HimNG DAN HOC BAI 1.
