BANKING ACADEMY FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY ~~~~~~*~~~~~~ GRADUATION THESIS CREDIT RISK AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO MINIMIZE CREDIT RISK IN TIEN PHONG COMMERCIAL JOINT STOCK BANK - THANG LONG BRANCH Supervisor : Mr. Ngo Tung Anh (MA, MBA) Student : Nguyen Minh Tu Class : K16 ATCC Student code: 16A7510170 Hanoi – May, 2017 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis DECLARATION I declare that “Credit Risk and Recommendations to minimize credit risk in Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank - Thang Long Branch” is my own work and all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledgement by means of complete reference. Hanoi, May, 2017 Nguyen Minh Tu Nguyen Minh Tu i ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS After several months of hard working, I have completed my thesis. Now it is time to thank everyone warmly who gave their kind help to me.
First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Mr. Ngo Tung Anh - Vice Dean of the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Banking Academy, for his guidance and suggestion through my work. I also would like to express my thanks to all lecturers at Banking Academy for giving their valuable lectures during the time I have studied there. Without them, my thesis would not have been finished.
In addition, the same appreciations are also given to the officials of Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank – Thang Long Branch for facilitating me a lot during my internship. Last but not least, the dearest gratitude is directed to my family and friends for giving me great support and help during these months. Nguyen Minh Tu ii ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis ABSTRACT Credit activity is one of the fundamental business activities which are primarily profitable for commercial banks. However, along with bringing significant revenue to the bank, it is also the activity having the greatest risk.
Credit risk has kept pace with credit operations which cannot be completely eliminated, as a result, we can only apply measures to prevent or minimize the maximum damage when it happens. It is observed that the credit problems have had a significant effect in the whole banking activity of Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank – Thang Long Branch. The secondary data was mainly exploited to measure the credit performance of TP Bank - Thang Long Branch, as the base for improving the branch’s credit quality. Therefore, to serve this purpose, many credit risk indicators are discussed and illustrated in this thesis to find out the actual problem along with causes of the case study.
Several reasons are also identified to define the responsibilities between the branch and its customers in causing serious credit risks. At the end of the thesis, recommendations for mitigating loss as well as enhancing credit activity are given. Nguyen Minh Tu iii ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Loan classification Table 2.1: Business result of TP Bank – Thang Long Branch (2014- 2016) Table 2.2: Outstanding loan classified by economic sector Table 2.3: Outstanding loan classified by the term loan Table 2.4: Outstanding loan classified by collateral Table 2.5: Outstanding loan classified by currency Table 2.6: Outstanding loan classified by debt category Table 2.7: Debt classification Table 2.9: Provision LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Classification of Credit risk Figure 2.1: Organizational structure of TP Bank – Thang Long Branch Figure 2.2: Outstanding loan classified by economic sector Figure 2.3: Outstanding loan classified by the term loan Figure 2.4: Outstanding loan classified by collateral Figure 2.5: Outstanding loan classified by currency Figure 2.6: Outstanding loan classified by debt category Figure 2.7: Bad debt Nguyen Minh Tu iv ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meanings ANAT Apple Network Administrator's Toolkit BCP Business Continuity Plan CIC Credit information center DR Delinquency ratio IT Information and technology LLPR Loan loss provision ratio LLR Loan loss ratio NPL Non- performing loan NPLR Non- performing loan ratio SBV State Bank of Vietnam TP Bank Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank VND Viet Nam Dong Nguyen Minh Tu v ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION.
iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Rationale to the research. Objectives of the study.
Scope of the study. Methodology of the study. Structural Organization of the thesis. 2 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CREDIT RISK.
Definition of credit risk. Types of credit risk. Credit risk indicators. Loan loss ratio.
Non- performing loan ratio. Ratio of provision against credit risk. Causes of credit risk. Internal causes from the commercial bank.
Impact of credit risk. To the bank. To the economy. 11 CHAPTER 2: ASSESSMENT OF CREDIT ACTIVITIES AND CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN TPBANK- THANG LONG BRANCH.
Overview of TP Bank and TP Bank – Thang Long Branch. Introduction of Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank (TPBank).13 Nguyen Minh Tu vi ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis 2. Introduction of TP bank – Thang Long Branch. Credit risk assessment in Thang Long Branch.
Credit activities in TP Bank - Thang Long Branch. Credit risk management in TP Bank- Thang Long Branch. Evaluation credit risk management of TP Bank - Thang Long Branch. 29 CHAPTER 3: RECOMMENDATIONS TO MINIMIZE CREDIT RISK IN TP BANK- THANG LONG BRANCH.
Development orientations of TP Bank – Thang Long Branch’s credit activities in the near future (until 2018). Recommendations to TP-Bank – Thang Long Branch for reducing credit risk. Recommendations to the Government. Recommendations to the State Bank of Vietnam.
Recommendations to TP Bank. viii Nguyen Minh Tu vii ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale to the research The wide and profound integration background between Vietnam’s economy and the world’s economy has made great conditions for banking activities in Vietnam. The bank market is developing in a superior trend that has denoted a new development step in both quality and quantity of Vietnam banking system.
However, because banking is a field of susceptible business suffered from indirect and direct components, banking risks are unavoidable and are able to genuinely influence the sustainable development of banks in particular and financial markets as well as economy framework in general. In the current business activities of the Banks in Vietnam, especially at TP Bank - Thang Long Branch, the credit is the principal business activity of the Bank and the revenue from credit activity represents an extensive proportion of aggregate revenue. TP Bank - Thang Long Branch has been gradually expanding the scale of operation, overcoming difficulties to ascend, at the same time, it also regularly broadens the sorts of credit in order to respond fully and timely capital needs of the economy on the basis of safety and proficiency. However, this has also resulted in the increasing of risks in the Bank's business, particularly credit risk.
Therefore, avoiding and diminishing credit risk are always the top priority in TP Bank - Thang Long Branch. These practical needs have motivated the researcher to pursue the topic "Credit Risk and Recommendations to minimize credit risk in Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank - Thang Long Branch" and this thesis is an endeavor to find the solutions. Objectives of the study The thesis is aimed at determining three fundamental issues which are (i) systematizing the theoretical issues of credit risk in banking activities; (ii) analyzing and assessing the status of credit risk in TP Bank - Thang Long Branch; and (iii) giving recommendations so as to limit credit risk in TP Bank - Thang Long Branch. Scope of the study The research is restricted on identifying the credit risk situation and recommendations in TP Bank - Thang Long Branch.
Therefore, the other risks in this transaction office are not discussed. Because of the inaccessibility of data divulgence in authority reports the researcher has acquired, the thesis just contains TP Bank - Thang Nguyen Minh Tu 1 ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis Long Branch’s reports and data from 2014 to 2016. In addition, the results of the study are constrained to TP Bank - Thang Long Branch and are not generalized for any other branches and commercial banks in Vietnam. Methodology of the study The thesis will cover concepts, facts, methods and approaches explored from credit activity in identifying issues and, subsequently, discover essential solutions for TP Bank - Thang Long Branch.
The thesis likewise gives a quantitative analysis of this application procedure and the analyses are presented by utilizing descriptive approach. With a specific end goal to discover the credit shortcomings of TP Bank - Thang Long Branch, the researcher has utilized auxiliary information, for example, the introduction of the bank and branch, financial report, annual report on the Internet, newspaper to evaluate all indicators. Structural Organization of the thesis Apart from the Introduction and Conclusion, the thesis is divided into three main chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Theoretical Background of Credit Risk Chapter 2: Assessment of Credit Activities and Credit risk Management in TP Bank – Thang Long Chapter 3: Recommendations to Minimize Credit Risk in TP Bank – Thang Long Nguyen Minh Tu 2 ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CREDIT RISK 1. Definition of credit risk Basing on the Basel Accords, major risks that banks would confront contain operation risk, credit risk, and market risk, and credit risk is known as the most considerable risk of all banks in terms of scale of potential losses.
It is verifiable in all banking activities, from traditional loans to complicated lending arrangements. In general, credit risk is typically comprehended as a lender’s risk of loss arising from a borrower who does not make payments as guaranteed. According to Bank for International Settlements, “Credit risk is most defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms (BIS, 1999) In Vietnam, Clause 1 in Article 2 of Decision 493/2005/QD-NHNN dated 22/4/2005 of the State bank Governor also gave a definition of credit risk as follows: “Credit risk in the banking activities of credit institutions (hereinafter referred to as credit risks) are potential losses that may arise in the banking activities of the credit institutions due to their perform or not being able to perform their obligations in accordance with their commitments”. Types of credit risk Figure1.1: Classification of Credit risk Credit risk Transaction Portfolio risk risk Concentration Underwriting Intrinsic risk Selection risk Operation risk risk risk (Source: www.com) Nguyen Minh Tu 3 ATCC - K16 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis Portfolio risk is an effect of constraint in managing bank’s lending portfolio.
This risk is classified into two sub-types: concentration risk, intrinsic risk. Concentration risk is the probability of loss arising from heavily lopsided exposure to a particular group of counterparties. There are two types of concentration risk which are predicated on the sources of the risk. Concentration risk can arise from uneven distribution of exposures (or loans) to its borrowers.
Such a risk is called Name Concentration risk. Another type is Sectoral Concentration risk which arise from uneven distribution of exposures to particular sectors, regions, industries or products. Intrinsic risk comes from specific characteristics of each borrower, such as enterprise’s operating features or their ways of using capital, etc. Transaction risk arises from the principle of rating customers and making decision to lend.
It has three components: selection risk, operation risk and underwriting risk. Selection risk is the risk that a bank accepts bad risk because it has not put enough effort in investigating the client’s creditworthiness. Operation risk is the risk that revenues are missed because of errors in recording loan transactions. Underwriting risk is the risk that a bank has not safeguarded itself against the consequences of payment problems and defaults.