VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ---------------o0o--------------- NGUYEN DUY HAI INVESTIGATION OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS FOR SILVER NANOPARTICLES@GRAPHENE OXIDE USING MANGIFERA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT AS A REDUCING AGENT FOR THE APPLICATION IN COLORIMETRIC DETECTION OF H2O2 KHẢO SÁT ĐIỀU KIỆN TỔNG HỢP NANO BẠC@GRAPHENE OXIDE BẰNG CHẤT KHỬ TỪ DỊCH CHIẾT LÁ XOÀI (MANGIFERA INDICA) ỨNG DỤNG TRONG CẢM BIẾN H2O2 Major: Chemical Engineering Major code: 8520301 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, June 2024 THIS THESIS IS COMPLETED AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU-HCM Supervisor: Bui Van Tien, Ph. Nguyen Huu Hieu, Ph. Tran Hoang Phuong, Ph. Examiner 2: Pham Trong Liem Chau, Ph.
This master’s thesis is defended at HCM City University of Technology – VNU- HCM City on June 25, 2024 Master’s Thesis Committee: Assoc. Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong, Ph. – Chairman of thesis committee; Assoc. Tran Hoang Phuong, Ph.
– Reviewer 1; Pham Trong Liem Chau, Ph. – Reviewer 2; Tong Thanh Danh, Ph. Nguyen Tuan Anh, Ph. Approval of the Chairman of Master’s Thesis Committee and Dean of Faculty of Chemical Engineering after the thesis being corrected (If any).
CHAIRMAN OF HEAD OF FACULTY OF THESIS COMMITTEE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (Signature with full name) (Signature with full name) i Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology-VNU HCMC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of Chemical Engineering Independence – Freedom – Happiness THESIS ASSIGNMENT Student’s name: Nguyen Duy Hai Student’s ID: 2370070 Date of birth: 06/11/2001 Place of birth: Kien Giang Major: Chemical Engineering Code: 8520301 I. TITLE Title in Vietnamese: Khảo sát điều kiện tổng hợp nano bạc@graphene oxide bằng chất khử từ dịch chiết lá xoài (mangifera indica) ứng dụng trong cảm biến H2O2 Title in English: Investigation of synthesis conditions for silver nanoparticles@graphene oxide using Mangifera indica leaf extract as a reducing agent for the application in colorimetric detection of H2O2 II. Literature review Silver nanoparticles@graphene oxide (AgNPs@GO), fabrication method of AgNPs@GO, Mangifera indica (M. indica) leaf extract, effects of different parameters on the synthesis process, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), colorimetric detection activity of the AgNPs@GO.
Experimental - Preparation of M. indica leaf extract; - Synthesis of GO; - Synthesis of AgNPs@GO; - Investigation of simultaneous effects of different synthesis conditions on the AgNPs@GO; - Characterization of the suitable AgNPs@GO; - Colorimetric detection of H2O2. ASSIGNMENT DATE: 01/2024 IV. SUPERVISOR: Bui Van Tien, Ph.
Nguyen Huu Hieu, Ph. Ho Chi Minh City, June 25, 2024 SUPERVISOR HEAD OF KEY CEPP LABORATORY (Signature with full name) (Signature with full name) HEAD OF FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (Signature with full name) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my mentor, Assoc. Nguyen Huu Hieu, Ph. and Bui Van Tien, Ph., in the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Faculty of Materials Technology of the Ho Chi Minh University of Technology – Vietnam National University, for their dedicated advice and guidance for almost six years in the laboratory with knowledge, experience, and many interesting scientific projects.
To the end of my journey at my university, they have shown great patience and guided me on the right path for my research. Their invaluable guidance has effectively helped me complete my thesis proposal with a high willingness and effort. I am solely appreciative to all my colleagues in my adorable Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab) for their precise support and advice for my thesis at present and for all the projects I have joined for six years. It has been a great experience for me to be a part of CEPP, as well as my secondary family.
I am also very thankful to my parents and my sister, who always raise my motivation and confidence and encourage me throughout my work in the laboratory. They all strengthen me and help me a lot whenever I face difficulties. Finally, I also express my gratitude to others who have shown interest in and supported my work. Ho Chi Minh City, June 25th, 2024 Author Nguyen Duy Hai iii ABSTRACT Herein, the silver nanoparticles@graphene oxide (AgNPs@GO) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated using Mangifera indica (M.
indica) leaves extract as a reducing agent and stabilizer. The simultaneous effects of different synthesis parameters, including the extract concentration, the concentration of AgNO3, and the volume ratio between GO and AgNO3 (GO/AgNO3), were investigated via response surface methodology according to the Box-Behnken model. According to the experimental design results, the appropriate synthesis conditions were determined, in which the objective function is the particle size of the AgNPs decorated on the GO sheets. Besides, the particle size of the AgNPs was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Mie theory according to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis).
The characterizations of the prepared AgNPs@GO were investigated via advanced analytical methods, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the H2O2 colorimetric detection performance of the material was also investigated with different concentrations of H2O2 using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The correlation between the absorbance and the concentration of H2O2 was constructed to determine the limit of detections (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The main content of this thesis is summarized in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Graphical abstract of the thesis iv TÓM TẮT Trong nghiên cứu này, vật liệu nano bạc@ graphene oxide (AgNPs@GO) được tổng hợp sử dụng chất khử từ dịch chiết lá xoài (Mangifera indica). Ảnh hưởng đồng thời của các điều kiện tổng hợp đến quá trình hình thành AgNPs bao gồm thể tích dịch chiết, nồng độ AgNO3 ban đầu, và tỉ lệ thể tích giữa GO và AgNO3 đã được khảo sát thông qua quy hoạch thực nghiệm (QHTN) bằng phương pháp bề mặt đáp ứng, thí nghiệm được bố trí theo mô hình Box-Behnken. Từ kết quả QHTN, điều kiện tổng hợp phù hợp được xác định với hàm mục tiêu là kích thước hạt AgNPs tạo thành trên các tấm GO. Kích thước hạt AgNPs được xác định bằng ảnh kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM) và thuyết Mie dựa trên kết quả phân quang phổ hấp thụ tử ngoại – khả kiến (UV-Vis).
Đặc trưng của vật liệu AgNPs@GO tổng hợp ở điều kiện phù hợp được phân tích bằng các phương pháp phân tích hiện đại như: Quang phổ hấp thụ tử ngoại – khả kiến (UV-Vis), nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD), kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM), phổ quang điện tử tia X (XPS), và phổ Raman. Khả năng cảm biến so màu H2O2 của vật liệu được khảo sát với nhiều nồng độ H2O2 thông qua phổ UV-Vis. Sự tương quan giữa độ hấp thu và nồng độ H2O2 được xây dựng nhằm xác định giới hạn phát hiện (LOD) và giới hạn định lượng của vật liệu (LOQ). Nội dung nghiên cứu của luận văn được tóm tắt ở Hình 1.
Hình 1: Nội dung nghiên cứu của luận văn v COMMITMENT OF THE THESIS’ AUTHOR I hereby declare that the work was originally implemented by the author and carried out under the instructions of Bui Van Tien, Ph. Nguyen Huu Hieu, Ph. in Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology – Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City. I confirm that this work is the result of my research and is solely my work.
All the contributions related to this thesis have been fully acknowledged. I affirm that any formulation, idea, research, reasoning, or analysis borrowed from a third party is correctly and accurately cited in both techniques and the author’s rights. The author takes full responsibility for the work. Ho Chi Minh City, June 25th, 2024 Author Nguyen Duy Hai vi TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ASSIGNMENT .v COMMITMENT OF THE THESIS’ AUTHOR.
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. vii LIST OF FIGURES. ix LIST OF TABLES .x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Introduction to silver nanoparticles@graphene oxide (AgNPs@GO).
Fabrication methods of AgNPs@GO. Chemical reduction methods. Reduction method using plant extract. Effects of different parameters on the synthesis process.
Ratio between silver precursors and graphene oxide. Reducing agents and stabilizers. Colorimetric detection activity of the AgNPs@GO. Domestic and international research and the urgency of the topic.
Previous studies in Vietnam. Previous studies in foreign countries. Essentiality, objectives, contents, research methods, novelty, and contribution. Raw materials, chemicals, equipment, and research location.
Facilities and Equipment. indica leaf extract. Synthesis of GO. Synthesis of AgNPs@GO.
Investigation of simultaneous effects of different synthesis conditions on the AgNPs@GO. Colorimetric detection of H2O2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Simultaneous effects of synthesis conditions on the AgNPs@GO with M.
indica leaves as a reducing agent. Characteristics of AgNPs@GO. H2O2 colorimetric sensing performance of the AgNPs@GO. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .120 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Structure of (a) GO and (b) AgNPs@GO .2: Some popular synthesis approaches for nanoparticles .3: Reducing agents derived from plant sources .4: Reduction process from Ag+ to AgNPs by biomolecules derived from Mangifera indica leaf extract .5: Effects of different factors on the fabrication process of the AgNPs .11: Box–Behnken model .6: Principle of XRD .7: Principle of SEM.8: Principle of XPS spectroscopy .9: Principle of Raman spectroscopy .10: Principle of UV-Vis .2: Preparation procedure for the extract.3: Synthesis procedure for the GO .4: Synthesis procedure for the AgNPs@GO.
Colorimetric detection of H2O2 .1: SEM images of AgNPS@GO samples prepared under different conditions (order of each image was denoted corresponding to Table 2.2: UV-Vis spectra of AgNPS@GO prepared under different conditions (order of each image was denoted corresponding to Table 3.3: Linear correlation between actual and predicted responses .4: Simultaneous effects of (a) concentrations of AgNO3 and extract, (b) extract and GO/AgNO3 ratio, and (c) concentration of AgNO3 and GO/AgNO3 ratio on particle size. XPS spectra of the AgNPs@GO; (a) survey, (b) C1s, (c) O1s, (d) Ag3d, (e) S2p, and (f) N1s spectrum .6: (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of the AgNPs@GO .53 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Colorimetric detection performance for different pollutants using AgNPs@GO-based nanocomposite .2: Domestic studies related to green synthesis of AgNPs .3: International studies related to green synthesis of AgNPs .1: List of chemicals .2: List of equipment .3: Experimental parameters of the Box-Behnken model .4: Design of experimental trials .1: Box-Behnken design of three variables corresponding with a particle size as the response .2: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics for the Box- Behnken model .3: Optimization of the particle size of silver nanoparticles-graphene oxide .4: Comparison between particle size calculated from SEM images and UV-Vis spectra and the effects of particle size on H2O2 colorimetric detection performance .5: Comparison of H2O2 colorimetric detection performance between different nanomaterials .55 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Full name AgNPs Silver nanoparticle SPR Surface plasmon resonance Ag(I) Silver ion Ag(0) Silver element Hg(II) Mercury (II) ion Hg(0) Mercury element M. indica Mangifera indica GO Graphene oxide S. epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis S.
aureus Staphylococcus aureus E. coli Escherichia coli S. enterica Salmonella enterica P. mirabilis Porteus mirabilis B.
cereus Bacillus cereus MB Methylene blue MO Methylene orange CV Crystal violet LSPR Localized surface plasmon resonance LOD Limit of detection LOQ Limit of quantitation PIP Particle instability parameters UV-Vis Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy XRD X-ray diffractometry FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy TGA Thermogravimetric analysis DLS Dynamic light scattering SEM Scanning electron microscopy TEM Transmission electron microscopy XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy AFM Atomic force microscopy EDS Energy dispersive spectroscopy xi INTRODUCTION These days, the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water reservoirs has gained great attraction from researchers. The excessive release of these species exerts many negative consequences on the environment and human health, such as aging, neurological disorders, or cellular destruction [1]. Among several advances in technology, colorimetric sensing based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of plasmonic nanomaterial, especially AgNPs, has been considered an efficient method.