THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY HA THI HONG INVESTIGATION ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PM 2.5 BY INTEGRATING SATELLITE IMAGE FROM 2013-2015 BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science And Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2012 - 2016 Thai Nguyen, December 2016 n Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name HA THI HONG Student ID DTN 1253180048 Investigation on the spatial distribution of PM 2.5 by Thesis title integrating satellite image from 2013-2015 Assoc. Tang-Huang Lin Supervisor(s) MSc. Nguyen Van Hieu Abstract: Previous studies reported that human health is strongly and consistently affected by outdoor fine mode particulate matter, the so-called PM2. The monitor of PM concentration thus attracts much attention for the society.
However, the observations for a spatial distribution are limited to the location of ground based stations. Therefore, Satellite images with a wide coverage like MODIS, MISR and OMI have been applied to overcome this limitation in terms of retrieved AODs. For the application of total column AOD to PM concentration, the vertical distribution and aerosol type should be taken into account. Association with extinction profile of CALIPSO products and aerosol compositions from NGAI algorithm, the AOD retrievals and PM2.5 are correlated in this study.
As the result, the linear regression between AOD from CALIPSO and PM2.5 has more uncertainty if AODtotal, AOD1000 and AOD500 used as proxy to estimate PM2.2) compared to lower altitudes AOD200, AOD140 and AOD70. The result concluded that AOD140 from CALIPSO can be used as a better proxy for PM2.5 concentration (R2 i n range from 0. Using NGAI algorithm classified aerosol compositions for AERONET and validated to CALIPSO subtypes indicated that dominant aerosol type (polluted continent) in study area is much improved AOD140 - PM2.5 relationship (R2 range between 0.5, AOD, CALIPSO, Aerosol types, NGAI, Aerosol layers Number of pages: 45 Date of submission: 03/12/2016 ii n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT From bottom of my heart, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Associate Professor Tang-Huang Lin who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with his duties, took time out to hear, guide, keep me on the correct path and complete report during the time of conducting the research at Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research (CSRSR) of National Central University (NCU). I also wish to express my deep gratitude to MSc.
Nguyen Van Hieu who gives me an opportunity, guidance and support me to complete thesis. I would also like to express my great appreciation to Mr. Wei Hung Lien and Ms. Chang Yi-Ling for their constant support, patient guidance and suggestions related to my work.
I sincerely thank the additional members of Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research who have contributed to my work. Last but not the least, I would like to thank all of my family members and dear friends who always encourage and back me up unceasingly. Thai Nguyen, December 2016 HA THI HONG iii n TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES. xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Ground based Measurements. Ground based Measurement - PM2. Ground based measurement - AERONET. Brief Description of Remote Sensing – CALIPSO.
The Aerosol particles and Normalized Gradient Aerosol Index (NGAI). The role of aerosol types. Normalized Gradient Aerosol Index (NGAI). AOD fraction of mixed type aerosols.
DATA AND METHODOLOGY. AERONET - Ground based measurement. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Correlations between hourly PM2.5 and AOD in various layers.
Aerosol types classification and AOD Fraction Determination. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSION. 37 v n LIST OF FIGURES Formatted: Font: 14 pt, Bold, Font color: Auto Figure 1: Size comparison between two aerosols with diameters 2.5 and 10 µm, a Formatted: Font color: Auto Formatted: Justified, Line spacing: Double human hair and a sand grain (credit: Environmental Protection Agency). 12 Figure 2: The orbit track of CALIPSO passes to Taiwan at 17:40pm on August 10, 2014.
16 Figure 3: Total Attenuated Backscattering signal measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 at 532 nm during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC p. 17 Figure 4: Vertical Feature Mask measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC. 18 Figure 5: Aerosol subtype classification information measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC. 20 Figure 6: Aerosol extinction coefficient profile from CALIPSO at 12:54:20 (LZT) on March 27, 2013 in Taipei city.
21 Figure 7: The scheme of AOD fraction determination for dual-type aerosols (type A and B) based on NGAI values (Lin et al. 25 Figure 8: The locations of AERONET site and PM2.5 stations selected in this study (google map). 28 Figure 9: The flowchart of analysis procedure. 30 Figure 10a: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Guting from 2013 to 2015.
32 Figure 10b: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Tucheng from 2013 to 2015. 33 Figure 11a: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Guting from 2013 to 2015. 36 vi n Figure 11b: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Tucheng from 2013 to 2015. 36 Figure 11c: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Zhonghe from 2013 to 2015.
37 Figure 11d: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Xindian from 2013 to 2015. 37 Figure 11e: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Banqiao from 2013 to 2015. 38 Figure 12: The NGAI identification result without AOD fraction in Taipei_WCB. 39 Figure 13: The NGAI identification result with AOD fraction in Taipei_WCB.
40 Figure 1: Size comparison between two aerosols with diameters 2.5 and 10 µm, a Formatted: Justified human hair and a sand grain (credit: Environmental Protection Agency). 15 Figure 2: The orbit track of CALIPSO passes to Taiwan at 17:40pm on August 10, 2014. 19 Figure 3: Total Attenuated Backscattering signal measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 at 532 nm during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC p. 20 Figure 4: Vertical Feature Mask measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) Formatted: Justified level 2 during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC.
21 Figure 5: Aerosol subtype classification information measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC. 23 Figure 6: Aerosol extinction coefficient profile from CALIPSO at 12:54:20 (LZT) on March 27, 2013 in Taipei city. 24 Figure 7: The scheme of AOD fraction determination for dual-type aerosols (type A and B) based on NGAI values (Wei, 2016). 28 vii n Figure 8: The locations of AERONET site and PM2.5 stations selected in this study (google map).
31 Figure 9: The flowchart of analysis procedure. 33 Figure 10a: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Guting from 2013 to 2015. 35 Figure 10b: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Tucheng from 2013 to 2015. 36 Figure 11a: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Guting from 2013 to 2015.
39 Figure 11b: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Tucheng from 2013 to 2015. 39 Figure 11c: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Zhonghe from 2013 to 2015. 40 Figure 11d: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Xindian from 2013 to 2015. 40 Figure 11e: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Banqiao from 2013 to 2015.
41 Figure 12: The NGAI identification result without AOD fraction in Taipei_WCB. 41 Figure 13: The NGAI identification result with AOD fraction in Taipei_WCB. 42 Figure 1: Size comparison between two aerosols with diameters 2.5 and 10 µm, a human hair and a sand grain (credit: Environmental Protection Agency).5 Figure 2: The orbit track of CALIPSO passed to Taiwan at 17:40pm on August 10, 2014 (Source: www-calipso.9 viii n Figure 3: Total Attenuated Backscattering signal measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 at 532 nm during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC (Source: www-calipso. 10 Figure 4: Vertical Feature Mask measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC (Source: www-calipso.
11 Figure 5: The scheme of AOD fraction determination for dual-type aerosols (type A and B) based on NGAI values (Lin et al. 15 Figure 7: The location of AERONET site and PM2.5 stations selected in this study (Google map). 19 Figure 8: Aerosol subtype classification information measured by the CALIOP passed Taiwan (red box) level 2 during the period 17:40- 17:54 UTC. 21 Figure 9: Aerosol extinction coefficient profile from CALIPSO at 12:54:20 (LZT) on March 27, 2013 in Taipei city.
22 Figure 10: The flowchart of analysis procedure. 25 Figure 11a: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Guting from 2013 to 2015. 28 Figure 11b: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Tucheng from 2013 to 2015. 28 Figure 11c: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Zhonghe from 2013 to 2015………………………………………………………………………………….31 Figure 11d: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Xindian from 2013 to 2015………………………………………………………………………………….32 Figure 11e: The linear regression between AOD140 – PM2.5 in Banqiao from 2013 to 2015………………………………………………………………………………….32 ix n Figure 12a: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Guting from 2013 to 2015………………………………………………………………………….34 Figure 12b: The improved correlation between AOD 140 and PM2.5 in Tucheng from 2013 to 2015 .…31 Figure 12c: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Zhonghe from 2013 to 2015.
32 Figure 12d: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Xindian from 2013 to 2015. 32 Figure 12e: The improved correlation between AOD140 and PM2.5 in Banqiao from 2013 to 2015………………………………………………………………………….35 Figure 13: The NGAI identification result without AOD fraction in Taipei_WCB. 33 Figure 14: The NGAI identification result with AOD fraction in Taipei_WCB. 37 Formatted: Hyperlink, Font: Not Italic, Font color: Auto, Do not check spelling or grammar Formatted: Hyperlink, Font: Not Italic, Font color: Auto, Do not check spelling or grammar Formatted: Font color: Auto Formatted: Justified, Space After: 0 pt x n LIST OF TABLES Table 1: PM2.5 concentration and air pollution banding.
6 Table 2: Aerosol classification using NGAI algorithm. 14 Table 3: The NGAI threshold of AP, BB and Dust aerosols used to classify aerosol types in AERONET site. 19 Table 4: CALIPSO data collected in this study. 20 Table 5: Correlations between hourly PM2.5 and AOD from 500m to total column AOD.
26 Table 6: Correlations between hourly PM2.5 and AOD from ground surface to 200m. 27 Table 7: The improved correlation between AOD and PM2. 30 xi n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Formatted: Font: 14 pt, Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal, Line spacing: Double planetary boundary layer Aerosol Optical Depth Total column AOD AOD under 1000 m AOD under 500 m AOD under 200 m APD under 140 m AOD under 70 m Particle mass with diameters less than 2.