UPPSALA UNIVERSITET & UNIVERSITY OF ECONGMICS & BUSINESS, VNUH >) ea a te co VNU-UEB UPPSALA Tum << UNIVERSITET MASTER THESIS OF MPPM ADOLESCENT VIOLENCE AND SOME RELATED FACTORS, FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY IN HAI DUONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM Authors (in alphabet order): Tran Thu Huong Nguyễn Thị Oanh Nguyễn Tuấn Thanh Supervisor: Dr. Lars-Torsten Eriksson Local Supervisor: Dr. Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng Class: MPPM INTAKE 3 - Group 1 Hanoi, January - 2012 SS EEE = ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express sincere gratitude towards our supervisors: Dr. Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng and Dr.
Lars-Torsten Eriksson as well as all teaching staff who have been the inspiration throughout our learning as well as in writing this thesis, for the never-ending hours spent on guiding us on the right path, the great support and the valuable feedback along the way. We also would like to thank staff members working at the Master of Public Management Program of the Economics University, Hanoi National University, affiliated with the Uppsala University, Sweden for their full support during the course and the progress of completing this thesis. We would like to thank the Hai Duong Women’s Union, volunteers and any other persons involved in helping us in collecting data of the thesis. Our team would like to express deep thanks to class leaders, especially to the deputy class leader, who is always there by our side to encourage and support the team’s work.
This paper would not be accomplished without her enthusiastic support. We are also grateful to our understanding managers, colleagues for their facilitation in terms of time, materials and spiritual support. Last but not least, special thanks are dedicated to our beloved family members for their constant support, encouragement, tolerance and unconditional love, which keep us strong even when it seems like no more strength is left. Group I - MPPM -Intake 03 January, 2012 ABSTRACT Title of the thesis: Adolescent violence and some related factors, findings from the study in Hai Dương province, Việt Nam Level: Final assignment for Master Program in Public Management.
Authors: Tran Thu Huong, Nguyễn Thị Oanh, Nguyễn Tuấn Thanh Instructors: Dr. Lars-Torsten Eriksson and Dr. Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng Time of thesis presentation: 12-13 December 2011 Objective: Addressing the situation of violence and identifying risk factors relating to adolescent violent behaviors in Phú Thứ Commune and Minh Tân Town, Kinh Môn District, Hải Duong Province. Methodology: The cross-sectional descriptive study is performed for the sample of 392 literate adolescents from 13 to 18 years old, living with both father and mother.
The study applies: the self-reported questionnaires for data collection; and the social-ecological model for analyzing the relationship between potential risk factors at individual/peer/family domains to identify risk factors related to violent behaviors in adolescents. Data is analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques (crosstabs and logistic regression analysis). Results and Conclusions: Of the sample, 33.3% of male adolescents have injured others, higher than female adolescents with just 21.5% of adolescents living in urban areas have injured others, higher than in rural areas with 14. The relationship between negative and improper behaviors of friends/family and adolescent violent behaviors is not clear.
Characteristics of adolescents most likely to injure others included: smoking, drinking, living in urban areas, in wealthier families and have higher rate of being hurt by others. Adolescent violence is relatively prevalent in Vietnam. In term ofpolicy- making, although Vietnam has developed a rather comprehensive legal framework, it only addresses adolescent fundamental rights. Adolescent violence is among emerging issues that require more attention.
The related risk factors show that national policies for prevention programs should include strategies to reduce violence in this population group. Limitations and proposed next steps Because of applying the descriptive, cross-sectional method, deploying the research in a narrow scope (Phú Thứ commune and Minh Tân town), selecting research subjects randomly to match with the study’s contexts, therefore its results will not cover every details in adolescent violence situation in Vietnam. 22 risk factors have been studied here only reflect a fundamental characteristics about local adolescents in association with influences from their living environment. Many other risk and protective factors have not yet examined its’ relationship with the adolescent violence situation.
A next research would apply the longitudinal study to fnd out how risk factors, which have been found in this study, associate with the adolescent violence situation in Hai Duong altering over the time, under the impact of social-economic development. Its findings will finalise the construction of a suitable intervention model for adolescent violence at local level. Contribution the thesis: The study is among few initial researches on adolescent violence (represented in the behavior of injuring others) in Hai Duong province as well as in Vietnam. The results outline main characteristics of adolescent violence behaviors in the area.
They are a bit different from other researches’ findings in similar situations. The study confirms the important roles and contributions of the Government in care, protection and education for adolescents and youth in general as well as in intervention and protection adolescents against violence particularly. Finally, the study highlights that the implementation of related policies and programs needs to be improved. Key words: Cross-sectional research, social-ecological model, risk factors, violence, adolescents.
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Background definitions giờ 1.1, The concept of “adolescent”. The concept of “violence” a3) 1. Overview of the Vietnamese Government policies relating to protection and prevention of adolescent violence.
Adolescent care, protection, education and violent situation in Vietnam. Contemporary limitations in Vietnamese policies towards adolescents. Modeling causes of adolescent violent behaviors. Causal analysis model 1.
Systematize problems by the Social-Ecological model 1. Some researches on adolescent violence worldwide «1.5, Objectives, research questions.6 Research objectives and questions. Research questions dT CHAPTER 2: SUBJECT AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Process and Analysis CHAPTER 3: RESULTS.
Characteristics of the research subject. Description ofviolent situation in the target group. Overview of violent situation 3. Individual domain - Individual behaviors related to adolescent violent Situation.
Peer domain - Close friend behaviors related to adolescent violent SiiURHGT. Family - Family effects related to adolescent violent situation. Understanding the association between adolescent violent situation and risk factors (logistic regression analy§iS).c sc s s s csos ersenes s ns es s sersersensensenc esens ensencensesoanonsen s 35 4. The research sample and research subjects.
Violence situation of local adolescents. Refer to the implementation of present policies on caring, protecting and promoting adolescent health development in Vietnam CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMEDATIONS .1, Violent situation of adolescents in research areas. Annex 1: Legislative documents in Vietnam for adolescents and youth. 46 Annex 2: The research questionnaires LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Causal analysis framework Figure 1.2: Social-Ecological Model.1: Theoretical Framework for adolescent violence.- 15 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Distribution of target group by gender, age group, resident location and education.1: Distribution of adolescent violent situation by gender, age group, resident location and education Table 3.1: Distribution of adolescent violent situation by individual’s risk behaviors Table 3.1: Distribution of adolescent violent situation related to friends’ risk behaviors Table 3.1: Distribution of adolescent violent situation related to risk behaviors; from! TAIT165:.1s22ssrutetraitbruznrrEiiid ted ees Se ee 28 Table 3.: Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients.:0Modelsurmman hee eee số 31 Table 3:3:3:: Hosmer and,Lemeshow.
eat 6 3] Table 35314: Classification table. n6 la si tối Sil) Table 3.5: Logistic Regression Model of risk factors related to the adolescent violent situation INTRODUCTION Over the world, caring for and improving physical and mental health of adolescents is given highest priorities by the entire society [26, 27]. In Vietnam, up to date, many legal documents have been issued by the Government, the Prime Minister and Ministries in order to bring about a safe, highly protective and developing environment for adolescents and youth [1-4, 10, 13]. As a result, youth development has been given great attention by central and local agencies and people in general.
Apart from the formation of a legal framework that is enabling care, protection and improvement of adolescents and youth health, the recent years have seen many newly emerging issues among youth such as: stress, anxiety, depression, homicide, mental and physical, emotional and behavioral disorder, drug abuse. Among these, adolescent violence is being given great attention in terms of protection and prevention. During 2003-2008, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health collaborated with the General Statistics Office (GSO), World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations’ Children Fund (UNICEF) to conduct two National Survey and Assessment of Vietnamese Youth (SAVY). The collected information provided many angles to the overall picture of Vietnamese youth aged 14-25 from: education, employment, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, accident, injury and diseases.
However, understanding the involvement of youth in violent conflict remains incomplete. Despite of the fact that there have been many studies conducted on these issues by researchers such as Ha Thi Ninh and colleagues [5], Lé Thi Kim Thoa [7], Legal Department - the Vietnamese Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs [14],. comprehensive studies on youth the prevalence of violence and violent behaviors in adolescents and youth are insufficient. This is causing difficulties to the improvement of care, protection and development services for adolescents and youth.
Kinh Môn is a mountainous, rural district, used to be among poorest and most undevelopment of Hai Duong province as well as the Red river’s delta. As growing-up of its cement industry, Kinh Môn district nowadays has a very high speed of urbanization (the Hoang Thach cement plant in Minh Tân, Kinh Môn, Hải Duong is among largest cement plants of South East Asia). At present, there are not yet complete studies on these adolescent violent situation and violent behavior at grassroots level. This is the main driver of our research conducted in Minh Tân town and Phú Thứ commune, Kinh Môn district, Hải Duong province which is aimed at identifying “the violent situation among adolescents and concernedrisk factors”.
The research findings are intended to imply a set of intervention measures that support to managers and policy makers to promote the prevention of adolescent violence in the coming time. CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. The concept of “adolescent” In general, adolescents are a group of population made up of individuals with ages range from 10-19 [16, 25], relatively distinguished with other population groups defined by age criteria. In terms of age consideration alone, adolescent can be seen as a large population group consisted of /or mixed by different age groups such as children below 16 years old [10], youngsters from 18 years old [11] or from 15 to 24 years old as defined by the United Nations ', teenagers/ juveniles range from 14 tol8 years old [9] or below 18 years old [11], teenager workers are those below 18 years old [8].
It can be observed that most definitions of adolescent being used today tend to mention the second decade of human life, the period in which most people have neither grown up nor childish. Taking this view, our research refer to the concept ofadolescent that is to include teenagers from 13-18 years old which is conformable with definitions of both the United Nations and Vietnamese laws. The concept of “violence” WHO defines “violence” is “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of There is no universally agreed upon definition of youth. A chronological definition of who is young, as opposed to who is a child or who is an adult, varies with each nation and culture.
However, the United Nations, for statistical purposes, defines those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 as youth without prejudice to other definitions by Member States." Page 12 http:/Awww.org/esa/population/publications/technicalpapers/TP2011-1.pdf resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation”. From this definition, the simplest understanding of violence is use of force, or threat of force by one to cause harms to other people or a group of people.