THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Foreign Language Faculty ---------- GRADUATION THESIS A SURVEY ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES CREDIT RISKS IN AGRIBANK AT TAM TRINH BRANCH FROM 2013 TO 2015 Lecturer : Tran Thi Thu Thuy (M.A) Student : Tran Thi Huong Giang Class : K15-ATCD Student Code : 15A7510050 Hanoi, May 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on research carried out at the Agribank at Tam Trinh branch. No part of this thesis has been submitted elsewhere as far as the author’s knowledge. All sources of information have been acknowledged references. Signature Tran Thi Huong Giang i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank few people who have helped me throughout this thesis and made this all possible.
First I would like to thank the Foreign Faculty of Banking Academy for giving me the opportunity and the trust for doing this thesis. I would like to thank all the credit staff of Agribank Tam Trinh branch, for providing me with all the necessary facilities. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mrs Tran Thi Thu Thuy, my supervisor. I am extremely grateful and indebted to her for her valuable guidance and encouragement extend to me.
Finally I would like to express my gratitude to my family and my friends for their motivation and endless support throughout my academic studies. ii ABSTRACT In the credit history, the global economy witnessed the serious bank crisis of US in 2008 which derived from lending to under standard loans, not only causing severe damage to US economy but also affecting the banking sector of every countries. In case of Vietnam, although credit operation brings from 60 to 80% turn-over to commercial banks, it is considered to be the most complicated and risky business operation. Simple as it may be emerged by an uncontrolled bad debt in a small branch, inefficient risk management can lead to systematic loss or even bankruptcy.
As a result, banks all over the world are coping with a big question of managing risks, especially credit risks in order to maximize their profit and gain competitive advantage over their rivalries. This is the starting point of this paper’s research problem. The main objective of this thesis is to provide the case bank with an insight into credit risks in lending to small and medium enterprises, a main customer group of bank in the duration from 2013 to 2015. In addition, the readers will also have an overview of credit operations of the bank, the on-going solutions that bank is applying to prevent and minimize credit risks to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the effect of those solutions.
Two research questions will step by step guide the audience on how these objectives are solved. In order to address this issue, a survey on credit risks in lending to SMEs in Agribank at Tam Trinh branch over period of 2013- 2015 was conducted to identify the achievements and limitations of the existing credit operation and then propose recommendations to enhance effectiveness of credit operation there. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION Agribank Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural development CIC Credit Information Center IFC International Finance Corporation IPCAS Interbank Payment and Customer Accounting System SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises VINASME Vietnam Association of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises iv CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION.
iv LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES. ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the study. Aims of the study.
Scope of the study. Methodology of the study. Structure of the study. 3 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND.
Theoretic background of bank credit for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)4 2. Definition of SMEs. Definition and characteristics of bank credit for SMEs. Characteristics of bank credit to SMEs.
Theoretic background of commercial banks’ credit risks in lending to SMEs. Definition of credit risks. Signals to realize credit risks. Group of financial signals.
Group of non-financial signals. Classification of credit risks. Reasons leading to SMEs credit risks. Reasons from bank.
Reasons from customers. The criteria to evaluate credit risks. Consequences of SMEs credit risks. To the economy.
Theoretic background of preventing and minimizing SME credit risks in commercial banks. Definition of preventing and minimizing credit risks. Solutions to prevent and restrict credit risks. Diversifying investment portfolio.
Co-sponsored lending. Collaterals for secured loans. Setting loan loss provision. Criteria to evaluate effect of preventing and minimizing credit risks.
18 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS. Real financial reports. Credit operation for SMEs at Agribank Tam Trinh branch from 2013 to 2015. Credit risks in lending to SMEs at Agribank Tam Trinh.
The existing credit risks in Agribank Tam Trinh. Ways of preventing and minimizing SMEs credit risks in Agribank Tam Trinh. 33 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS. Causes leading to limitations.
Causes from the bank. Causes from SMEs. 38 CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. Solutions to prevent and minimize SMEs credit risks in Agribank Tam Trinh.
Group of preventing SMEs credit risks solutions. Group of minimizing SMEs credit risks solutions. Group of supporting solutions. Recommendations to the government.
Recommendations to the state bank. Recommendation to Vietnam bank for agriculture and rural development. 48 viii LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLES Table 2. Definition of SMEs on each industrial sector in Vietnam.
2 Components of Getting Credit Indicator. Structure of credit clients of Agribank Tam Trinh branch. Outstanding loans to SMEs of Agribank Tam Trinh branch from 2013 to 2015. Ratios of outstanding loans to SMEs in Agribank Tam Trinh branch from 2013 to 2015.
Outstanding loans classified by terms from 2013 to 2015. Outstanding loans classified by terms from 2013 to 2015. Outstanding loans classified by collaterals from 2013 to 2015. Ratios of overdue loans of SMEs in Agribank Tam Trinh branch.
Ratios of non-performing loans of SMEs in Agribank Tam Trinh branch from 2013 to 2015. Ratios of provision and total outstanding loans of SMEs in Agribank Tam Trinh branch from 2013 to 2015. Growth rate of SMEs’ loans turnover in Agribank Tam Trinh branch from 2013 to 2015. 31 ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION This part presents an overview of the thesis, including background of the research objectives and research questions, research methodology, sources of data, research scope, as well as the structure of the thesis.
Rationale of the study It is estimated that small and medium enterprises in Vietnam account for 97.5% the total enterprises which is equivalent to more than 420,000 enterprises (VNASME, 2014), and because of its huge size, SMEs are becoming a potential segment which will bring more business opportunities to banks. With the advantages such as the simple structure, the ability of quickly react to the economy changes, SMEs contribute to raise the state budget and help to generate jobs. Hence, SMEs are considered the backbone of economic construction and development, and boosting this segment obviously is one of the important targets in the national economy strategy. Because SMEs’ demand of capital depends on economy’s development, they are often in need of huge capital funds to expand their productions and cover other business expenses.
It is predicted that in the near future, SMEs segment will experience competition between banks not only by interest level, solution packages but also by more incentive policies to absorb credit from SMEs. However, in the scenario of globalization and economic integration, the pressure of competitiveness combined with the decrease in consumption demand would lead many SMEs to difficult situations or even go bankrupt. Therefore, preventing and minimizing SMEs credit risks is an important issue that banks are concerning most at the present. Moreover, competition has a negative impact on both SMEs and banks.
In term of banking system, it is forced to ease credit requirements as well as to decrease interest rate to attract SMEs credit. With regard to enterprises, in order to reach the target of profit, they can use the bank loans for improper purposes of inefficient investments, and cannot offset the loan on due causing credit risks. Once again, to expand lending operation and earn more profit in SMEs segment, credit risks are inevitable. During my internship at Agribank Tam Trinh branch, realizing the emergency of the problem, this thesis will focus on surveying the existing credit risks and the on-going 1 solutions in Agribank Tam Trinh and suggesting some solutions to help the credit operation of this bank be more effective.
Aims of the study The study is carried out to firstly systematize the basic theories about bank credit to SMEs, credit risks that commercial banks usually face, and methods that banks use to restrict credit risks. Secondly, the current situation of credit operation in Agribank Tam Trinh branch is presented and analyzed to find out its existing credit risks, then to evaluate effectiveness of methods that the bank is using to prevent and minimize them. In the next step, the study gives achievements and existing limitations, as well as causes of those limitations. Last but not least, the researcher bringing out some solutions and recommendations to help the bank restricts SMEs credit risks more effectively.
Research questions The research aims at figuring out the existing situation of credit risks and evaluating whether or not the applied methods in Agribank Tam Trinh branch are suitable and effective. In order to achieve its objectives, the researcher will classify the following two questions: 1. What are the existing credit risks in Agribank Tam Trinh branch? 2. How effective are the solutions that Agribank Tam Trinh is applying to cope with credit risks? 1.
Scope of the study The research is only based on information and number statistics of Agribank branch Tam Trinh in the duration of 2013 and 2015. Hence, the evaluation of credit operation and effectiveness of preventing solutions can be practical during the 2013 – 2015 period. Methodology of the study Firstly, the research is conducted with the regards to both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The data is collected through the real financial reports to have initial evaluation of the level of credit risks in Agribank Tam Trinh.
At the same time, the instruments from interview would be applied to keep on the record on the existing situation of preventing and minimizing SMEs credit risks in the duration from 2013 to 2015. Structure of the study The study includes five main chapters as follows: Chapter I: Introduction – This chapter presents the overall view on the topic with the reason to implement the study, its scope and the methods of the study. Chapter II: Theoretical background – This chapter provides brief theoretical knowledge focusing on bank credit, credit risks and content of credit risks restrict solutions in SMEs segment. Chapter III: Methodology and Data analysis – The third chapter introduces the data collection instruments and analyzes these data.
Chapter IV: Findings – This chapter describes in detail achievements and limitations of Agribank Tam Trinh in applying its solutions to prevent and minimize the existing credit risks from 2013 to 2015, and then sorts out the main causes of limitations. Chapter V: Recommendations and conclusions – The last chapter aims to propose some recommendations and solutions to research problem. 3 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2. Theoretic background of bank credit for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 2.
Definition of SMEs Firstly, to approach the definition of SME, the description of enterprise should be mentioned before. According to the Law on Enterprises 2014, the term enterprise is defined as follows: “Enterprise means an economic organization having its own name, having assets and a stable transaction office, and having business registration in accordance with law for the purpose of conducting business operations.