Khám Phá Lý Thuyết Số: Từ Hình Chữ Nhật Vàng Đến Các Định Lý Số Học

Chuyên ngành

Toán Học

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Luận Văn

2023

271
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

55 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

PREFACE

CONTENTS

Part I. MULTIPLICATIVITY — DIVISIBILITY

1. CHAPTER 1: BASIS REPRESENTATION

1.1. Principle of Mathematical Induction

1.2. The Basis Representation Theorem

2. CHAPTER 2: THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC

2.1. Euclid’s Division Lemma

2.2. Divisibility

2.3. The Linear Diophantine Equation

2.4. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

3. CHAPTER 3: COMBINATORIAL AND COMPUTATIONAL NUMBER THEORY

3.1. Permutations and Combinations

3.2. Fermat's Little Theorem

3.5. The Use of Computers in Number Theory

4. CHAPTER 4: FUNDAMENTALS OF CONGRUENCES

4.1. Basic Properties of Congruences

5. CHAPTER 5: SOLVING CONGRUENCES

5.1. Linear Congruences

5.2. The Theorems of Fermat and Wilson Revisited

5.3. The Chinese Remainder Theorem

6. CHAPTER 6: ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS

6.1. Combinatorial Study of d(n)

6.2. Formulae for d(n) and σ(n)

6.3. Multiplicative Arithmetic Functions

6.4. The Möbius Inversion Formula

7. CHAPTER 7: PRIMITIVE ROOTS

7.1. Properties of Reduced Residue Systems

8. CHAPTER 8: PRIME NUMBERS

8.1. Elementary Properties of π(n)

8.3. Some Unsolved Problems About Primes

Part II. QUADRATIC CONGRUENCES

9. CHAPTER 9: QUADRATIC RESIDUES

9.2. The Legendre Symbol

9.3. The Quadratic Reciprocity Law

9.4. Applications of the Quadratic Reciprocity Law

10. CHAPTER 10: DISTRIBUTION OF QUADRATIC RESIDUES

10.1. Consecutive Residues and Nonresidues

10.2. Consecutive Triples of Quadratic Residues

Part III. ADDITIVITY

11. CHAPTER 11: SUMS OF SQUARES

11.1. Sums of Two Squares

11.2. Sums of Four Squares

12. CHAPTER 12: ELEMENTARY PARTITION THEORY

12.3. Euler's Partition Theorem

12.4. Searching for Partition Identities

13. CHAPTER 13: PARTITION GENERATING FUNCTIONS

13.1. Infinite Products As Generating Functions

13.2. Identities Between Infinite Series and Products

14. CHAPTER 14: PARTITION IDENTITIES

14.1. History and Introduction

14.2. Euler’s Pentagonal Number Theorem

14.3. The Rogers-Ramanujan Identities

14.4. Series and Product Identities

Part IV. GEOMETRIC NUMBER THEORY

15. CHAPTER 15: LATTICE POINTS

APPENDICES

appendix A. A PROOF THAT lim Ø(ø)!* = ]

appendix B. INFINITE SERIES AND PRODUCTS (Convergence and Rearrangement of Series and Products)

appendix C. DOUBLE SERIES

appendix D. THE INTEGRAL TEST

SUGGESTED READING

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HINTS AND ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES

INDEX OF SYMBOLS