VIET NAM MARITIME UNIVERSITY ECONOMICS FACULTY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DIVISION ----------------------------------------- DISSERTATION INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS : LƯƠNG THỊ KIM OANH FULL NAME : PHẠM NGỌC HIẾU 83133 ĐỖ XUÂN TRƯỜNG 85329 CLASS : N01 GROUP : N18 HAI PHONG – DEC/2022 ECONOMICS FACULTY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DIVISION DISERTATION INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT CONCLUSION REFERENCES Assignment start date: 16/04/2022 Assignment due date: 25/11/2022 Student Lecturer Pham Ngoc Hieu Luong Thi Kim Oanh Do Xuan Truong HAIPHONG, 2022 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During the time of working on the international payment project, I have received a lot of help, suggestions and enthusiastic guidance from teachers, family and friends. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Ms. Luong Thi Kim Oanh, lecturer in the Department of International Payments - VMU, who wholeheartedly guided and guided me throughout the course of my thesis. I would also like to thank the teachers at VMU in general, and the teachers in the Department of International Payments in particular, for teaching me knowledge of general subjects as well as specialized subjects, helping me to have a solid theoretical foundation and create conditions to help me throughout the learning process.
Finally, I would like to sincerely thank my family and friends, who have always facilitated, cared for, helped and encouraged me during my study and completion of the International Payment project. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.2 CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION FOR LETTER OF CREDIT. Fundamental theory on documentary credit. Documentary credit definition.
Parties to a documentary credit. Documentary credit procedure. Procedure to open a letter of credit in a bank. Filling in the application for letter of credit in bank.
PREPARATION THE DOCUMENT PACKAGE AS L/C REQUEST.1 Introduction to documents used in documentary credit.1 Overview of documents used in documentary credit.2 Bill of exchange.4 Bill of lading.6 Certificate of origin.2 Standard for issuance and examination of document under UCP 600. Preparing the documents package base on the given L/C.51 INTRODUCTION Regarding today's economic situation, it is necessary to strive to gain a foothold to prioritize the rapid development of economic sectors, foreign economic activities are increasingly expanded, international business forms are increasingly developing strongly. powerful in many different forms. After doing some research and learning about the topic of “International Payments”, we found that it was necessary for her to realize that documentary credits became the most common form of payment.
It meets the needs of two parties: the seller guarantees the money, the buyer and the person responsible for payment. This is why we wanted to delve deeper into the field of international payments. Our project consists of two main parts as follows: Chapter 1: APPLICATION FOR LETTER OF CREDIT Chapter 2: PREPARATION THE DOCUMENT PACKAGE AS L/C REQUEST 1 ABBREVIATED LIST STT Abbreviation Mean 1 SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication 2 MT700 Issue of Documentary. MT700 is sent from the issuing bank to the advising bank.
MT700 is used to indicate the terms of a letter of credit created by the issuing bank. 3 MT701 Issue of Documentary. when the credit exceeds the allowable length of the MT700, it is transferred to one or more MT701s (mostly MT701 is used to issue a letter of credit) 2 CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION FOR LETTER OF CREDIT 1. Fundamental theory on documentary credit 1.
Documentary credit definition 1. Definition Documentary Credit is a payment method in which, at the request of a customer, a bank issues a letter of undertaking to pay or accept a bill of exchange to a third party upon presentation to a third party. the bank sets of payment documents in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in the letter of credit. From the above concept, it can be seen that the documentary credit method can be applied in domestic and foreign trade.
In foreign trade, at the request of the importer, the bank issues a letter of credit to the exporter. The main content of the letter of credit is the commitment of the L/C issuing bank to pay the exporter when the exporter complies with the conditions specified in the L/C and transfers the documents to the bank for payment. The term "credit" is used here in a broad sense, meaning "trust", not to refer to "a loan" in the usual sense. This is clearly shown in the case when the importer deposits 100% of the value of the L/C, the bank does not actually grant any credit, but only lends the credit to the importer.
Even in the event that the importer does not make any deposit, a real credit is only possible when the bank issuing the L/C proceeds to pay the exporter and debits the importer. Thus, the term "credit" in the credit method only represents the "abstract credit" by the bank's promise to pay instead of the importer's promise to pay, because the bank has more credit than the importer. Thus, in credit card payment method, the bank is not only an intermediary for collection and payment on behalf of the importer, but also a representative of the importer to pay for the goods to the exporter, ensuring that the exporter receives the corresponding amount of money. with the goods they supplied.
At the same time, the bank is also the one who ensures that the importer receives the quantity and quality of goods in accordance with the documents and the amount of 3 money they spend. Obviously, the importer has reason to believe that the bank will not pay before the exporter delivers the goods, because this requires the exporter to present a set of shipping documents. Meanwhile, the exporter is confident that he will receive the money for the export goods if he gives the L/C issuing bank a complete and appropriate set of documents as specified in the L/C.Types of letters of credit Based on nature: Revocable Letter of Credit (this type has been dropped under UCP600 and all letters of credit are irrevocable in the case of L/C referencing UCP600) - Irrevocable Letter of Credit: When using an irrevocable L / C, it will ensure the interests of the exporter and is now also very popular. When a foreign trade contract to use L/C of this type, the exporter and the importer need to agree clearly to implement directly affecting the interests of each party.
And one point to note that if the L/C is not written as canceled or not canceled, it is naturally admitted as irrevocable. - Confirmed irrevocable letter of credit: Irrevocable Letter of Credit with Confirmation (Irrevocable Confirmed Letter of Credit): is an irrevocable letter of credit and guaranteed by a third bank for payment according to the letter of credit. together with the bank opening the L/C. The confirming bank will be responsible for paying the exporter, if the credit opening bank fails to pay.
The reason for this type of letter of credit is because the exporter does not fully trust the importer as well as the Bank opening the L/C and the payment value is quite large. - Irrevocable and irrevocable letter of credit: Irrevocable and irrevocable letter of credit (Irrevocable without recourse): Is an irrevocable letter of credit which stipulates that the Bank will open the L/C after when making payments to an export function organization, do not have the right to retrieve the money for any reason. When using this type of L/C, the 4 exporting company when drawing the bill of exchange must make a note "not able to retrieve the money of the drawer" (Do not claim back to the drawer) Based on the time of payment: - At sight Letter of Credit L/C at sight: A letter of credit in which the exporter will be paid immediately upon presentation of documents in accordance with the terms of the credit at the nominated bank. In this case the exporter will draw a bill of exchange at sight for payment.
- Time Letter of Credit Some special types of L/C: - Confirmed Letter of Credit A confirmed letter of credit (CONFIRMED LETTER OF CREDIT) is a letter of credit in an international transaction that is secured by a second bank other than the original issuing bank. Confirming bank agrees to pay or accept draft on credit even if the issuer refuses. - Irrevocable Transferable LC A transferable L/C is an irrevocable L/C whereby, the first beneficiary transfers part or all of the obligation to perform the L/C as well as the right to claim money that he/she has to the second beneficiary. two, each second beneficiary receives his or her share of the deal.
The transfer L/C can only be transferred once, the transfer costs are usually borne by the original beneficiary. This type of L/C is used when the first beneficiary cannot provide the goods himself, but is only a broker. The transfer of L/C must be made according to the original L/C. Assignment does not mean that the contract of sale is also transferable.
The original beneficiary is still the main responsible person for the Importer. - Revolving Letter of Credit A revolving L/C is an undertaking from the L/C issuing bank to restore the original value of the letter of credit after it has been exhausted. The number of reinstatements and the validity period that will be issued by the L/C opener and 5 the issuing bank must be specified within a certain period of time in the L/C. - Back to Back Letter of Credit Back to Back L/C is a type of letter of credit issued on the basis of the original LC (Master LC), also known as the second L/C (for LC), two types of letters of credit.
These applications are independent of each other. Back-to-back L/C is often used in intermediaries (three-party sales) - Reciprocal Letter of Credit A reciprocal letter of credit is a letter of credit that becomes effective only when another letter of credit corresponding to it is opened. - Red clause letter of credit Red clause L/C is the L/C that the Issuing Bank allows the Notifying Bank to advance to the beneficiary to purchase goods and raw materials for the production of goods according to the opened L/C. Parties to a documentary credit a) Introduction of the parties involved There are 4 subjects directly participating in the documentary credit method: - Applicant for the credit: The person requesting the opening of the letter of credit is the buyer, the importer.
- Beneficiary is the exporter, seller, or any other person nominated by the beneficiary. - Issuing bank or Opening bank, also known as the bank opening the letter of credit, acts as the representative bank for the importer, will issue the letter of credit at the request of the importer. - Advising bank: The advising bank of the letter of credit can be the branch or correspondent bank for the bank opening the letter of credit, the advising bank is the bank located in the beneficiary's country. In addition, there are other subjects such as: - Confirming bank means the bank confirming its responsibility and will work with the bank to open a letter of credit to guarantee the payment to the exporter, in case the bank opening the letter of credit is unable to pay.
6 - Nominated bank is the nominated bank in the letter of credit, allowing that bank to make the payment, discount or accept the beneficiary's documents in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. - The Paying bank is the bank that opens the letter of credit or other bank designated by the opening bank to pay or discount the bill of exchange to the exporter. - The Negotiating bank is the bank that negotiates for the documents and is usually also the bank advising the L/C. b) Responsibilities of the parties Importer: - Timely apply for L/C opening and related procedures.
- Make deposit, deposit to the issuing bank (if any).