Banking Academy Graduation Thesis STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY -----****----- GRADUATION THESIS Topic: Perfecting internal control system over credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong Student Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh Class ATCB – K13 Supervisor Mr Ngo Tung Anh Student number 13A7510191 Hanoi, May 2014 Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis DECLARATION I declare this thesis entitled “Perfecting internal control system over credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree. Signature Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the possibility to complete this thesis. I am heartedly thankful to my supervisor, MA Ngo Tung Anh, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject.
Special thanks are given to my beloved teachers, staff and friends at Foreign Language Department, Vietnam Academy of Bank, who have delivered me precious knowledge and support during the course. Finally, I would like to give my gratitude to my parents and my brothers. They were always supporting me and encouraging me with their best wishes. Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Number Abbreviation Original 1 SBV State Bank of Vietnam 2 SOCBs State -owned commercial banks 3 CIC Central information center 4 VAT Value added tax 5 WTO World trade organization Vietnam joint stock commercial bank for 6 Vietinbank industry and trade Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural 7 Agribank Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment 8 BIDV and Development of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign 9 Vietcombank Trade of Vietnam Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock 10 Sacombank Bank 11 ACB Asia Commercial Bank Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND TABLES DIAGRAMS Diagram 1.1 Summary of outstanding balance growth in credit institutions in Hai Phong.2 Summary of bad debts in credit institutions in Hai Phong.23 Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND TABLES PART A: INTRODUCTION.
Rationale of the study. Aim of the study. Methodology of the study. The scope of the study.
Significance of the study. Organization of the study. 4 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. Internal control in commercial banks.
Internal control over credit operations. Credit risk and its related matters. Internal control system over credit operations. 11 CHAPTER 2: THE REAL SITUATION.
The formation and development of banking system in Vietnam and commercial banking system in Hai Phong. The foundation and development of Vietnam’s banking system. The foundation and development of commercial banks in Hai Phong. Characteristics of credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong.
20 Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy Graduation Thesis 2. The causes of credit risk in commercial banks in Hai Phong. Strengths and weaknesses of internal control system over credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong. Risk analysis and assessment.
Information and communication. As for state bank. Perfecting legal environment for credit activities. Strengthening the inspecting, monitoring and evaluating of the internal control system.
Creating reliable communication channels for banks and businesses. As for authorities. Integrity among notary public's offices. As for the authorities issuing property certificates.
People's Committee should assist commercial banks when businesses go bankruptcy and use their property to recover debts. As for commercial banks. The solutions to complete control environment. The solutions to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system in the prevention, control and management of credit risk.
The solutions to effectively manage and handle bad debts. The solutions to improve the quality and efficiency of internal audit machine47 PART C: CONCLUSION. 49 Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy 1 Graduation Thesis PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study Along with the commodity based economy, many banks appear and develop to meet demands for capital and payment.
in expanding business and production of economic institutions and individuals. Commercial banks are financial intermediaries of the economy. They perform operations of mobilizing capital to channelize them into the economy and banking services to generate profits. In the banking activities, credit operations are the most important in terms of capital turnover and high profit.
However, this operation poses many potential risks. Credit risk arises when borrowers cannot repay the bank as promised. This can lead to the potential liquidity risk as a result of unrecovered loans. To limit and prevent credit risk, in addition to technical measures, an effective internal control system makes an important contribution.
Along with the rapid growth of economy and other fields in Hai Phong, the branches of commercial banks are massively opened to meet demands for savings, financial services and demands for capital to do business and consume in the province. Commercial banks are gradually modernized on all types of services to enhance their competitiveness in the market. However, due to small size, low governance capacity and professional qualifications, commercial banks in the province reveal weaknesses and the potential risks in the context of unstable business environment and inadequate legal framework. There are many loopholes for fraud.
Specifically, overdue loan rate in commercial banks in Hai Phong is not low. Therefore, commercial banks should constantly improve the credit risk management capacity - particularly build the effective internal control system. On the other hand, in the context of economic globalization, Vietnam joined the WTO, financial liberalization is not optional but inevitable for countries to put their economies in the world orbit. Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy 2 Graduation Thesis 2.
Aims of the study The study is aimed at evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the internal control system over credit operations in commercial banks in Vietnam in general and commercial banks in Hai Phong in particular. Afterwards, the study proposes solutions to complete internal control system over credit operations at commercial banks in the province. Methodology of the study The study uses questionnaires to examine the status of internal control over credit operations in typical commercial banks in Hai Phong. We discuss with a number of managers, internal auditors and loan officers at a number of state-owned and joint-stock commercial banks in Hai Phong.
We synthesize the reports and data related to outstanding loans, overdue loans and the causes to the overdue loans of the State Bank of Hai Phong. Scope of the study The study pays attention to the internal control problems over credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong. Significance of the study The purpose of the study is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the internal control system in detecting and preventing credit risks. From those points, the study provides solutions to overcome the weaknesses of the system and brings about the optimal control over credit operations for commercial banks.
The study is important as follows: - For the State and the State Bank of Hai Phong: the study is the material for the State to complete laws on credit operations, policies and measures on inspecting and monitoring commercial banks. - For authorities: the study recognizes the problems and gives lots of support for commercial banks so that they feel secure to expanse business, contributing to Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy 3 Graduation Thesis economic and social development in Hai Phong in particular and the nation in general. What are strengths and weaknesses of internal control system over credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong? 2. What are the causes of those weaknesses? 3.
What are measures to overcome those weaknesses? 7. Organization of the study Chapter 1: Theoretical background. This chapter summarizes the banking internal control system and discusses the credit operations, credit risk and internal control over credit operations. Chapter 2: The real situation.
This chapter outlines the foundation and development of the banking system in Vietnam and the commercial banks in Hai Phong. Through the survey, the study identifies and analyzes the causes of the credit risk in commercial banks in the province, then exploits the strengths and weaknesses of internal control over credit operations in Hai Phong. This chapter provides some solutions to perfect the internal control system over credit operations in commercial banks in Hai Phong. Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy 4 Graduation Thesis PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.
Internal control in commercial banks 1. Definition “Bank” shall mean a credit institution permitted to conduct all banking activities and other related business operations “Banking activities” shall mean monetary business activities and banking services, with regular operations as accepting deposits, and using them to provide credit and payment services 1. Types of bank risks In the course of their operations, banks are invariably faced with different types of risks that may have a potentially negative effect on their business. The risks a bank particularly exposes to in its operations are: liquidity risk, credit risk, market risks (interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and risk from change in market price of securities, financial derivatives and commodities), operational risk, legal risk, reputational risk.
Liquidity risk is the risk of negative effects on the financial result and capital of the bank caused by the bank’s inability to meet all its due obligations. Credit risk is the risk of negative effects on the financial result and capital of the bank caused by borrower’s default on its obligations to the bank. Market risk includes interest rate and foreign exchange risk. Interest rate risk is the risk of negative effects on the financial result and capital of the bank caused by changes in interest rates.
Foreign exchange risk is the risk of negative effects on the financial result and capital of the bank caused by changes in exchange rates. A special type of market risk is the risk of change in the market price of securities, financial derivatives or commodities traded or tradable in the market. Pham Thi Tuyet Trinh ATCB-K13 Banking Academy 5 Graduation Thesis Operational risk is the risk of negative effects on the financial result and capital of the bank caused by omissions in the work of employees, inadequate internal procedures and processes, inadequate management of information and other systems, and unforeseeable external events. Legal risk is the risk of loss caused by penalties or sanctions originating from court disputes due to breach of contractual and legal obligations, and penalties and sanctions pronounced by a regulatory body.
Reputational risk is the risk of loss caused by a negative impact on the market positioning of the bank. Definition Internal control is a process effected by the board of directors, senior management and all levels of personnel. It is not solely a procedure or policy that is performed at a certain point in time, but rather it is continually operating at all levels within the bank. The board of directors and senior management are responsible for establishing the appropriate culture to facilitate an effective internal control process and for monitoring its effectiveness on an ongoing basis.
However, each individual within an organization must participate in the process. The main objectives of the internal control process can be categorized as follows: 1. efficiency and effectiveness of activities (performance objectives); 2. reliability, completeness and timeliness of financial and management information (information objectives); and 3.
compliance with applicable laws and regulations (compliance objectives). Objectives Performance objectives for internal control pertain to the effectiveness and efficiency of the bank in using its assets and other resources and protecting the bank from loss.