STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ------------ GRADUATION THESIS CREDIT RISK AND SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT AND MINIMIZE CREDIT RISK AT BANK FOR DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT OF VIETNAM – DONG DO BRANCH Student’s name : Nguyen Do Khanh Linh Student’s ID : 15A7510113 Class : K15. ATCD Course : 2012 – 2016 Supervisor : Ngo Tung Anh (MA, MBA) HANOI, MAY 2016 STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ------------ GRADUATION THESIS CREDIT RISK AND SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT AND MINIMIZE CREDIT RISK AT BANK FOR DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT OF VIETNAM – DONG DO BRANCH Student’s name : Nguyen Do Khanh Linh Student’s ID : 15A7510113 Class : K15. ATCD Course : 2012 – 2016 Supervisor : Ngo Tung Anh (MA, MBA) HANOI, MAY 2016 Graduation thesis Banking Academy DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is originally written by me and has not been previously submitted for my degree or examination in any other university. All the sources I have reproduced from other person’s work has been acknowledged by references.
Name: Nguyen Do Khanh Linh Signature: ……………………./2016 Nguyen Do Khanh Linh i K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my special thanks to my beloved instructor as well as supervisor, MA. Ngo Tung Anh for his constructive support, helpful feedbacks and great inspiration. In spite of his conflict schedule, he always provided enthusiastic instructions and corrections through my work. I also would like to thank all lecturers at Banking Academy of Vietnam, especially those of the Faculty of Foreign Languages.
Without their help and all the valuable lessons they taught me, my thesis would not have been finished. In addition, I wish to send the same appreciations to staff of BIDV Dong Do Branch for creating favorable conditions and guiding me during my internship time. Last but not least, I am very grateful to my family and friends, for their encouragement and constant supports. Nguyen Do Khanh Linh ii K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy ABSTRACT The trend of liberalization and economic integration have created favorable conditions for the development of banking sector development as well as some risky factors.
In the banking system, credit activity has played an important role which provides main income for commercial banks. Credit operation, however, is one of the riskiest activity and credit risk is also one of the most general risks that commercial banks have to face. Especially, after many events strongly affected the banking sector due to credit risk, it is urgent to take appropriate preventive measures into account. Hence, researching the topic “Credit risk and solutions to prevent and minimize credit risk at Bank for Development and Investment of Vietnam - Dong Do Branch” is essential to boost the growth of credit activity and the safety in the context of integration.
The paper has analyzed credit situation and indicated drawbacks and causes in credit operation of the branch beside giving solutions to avoid risk. In the future, the author hopes this study could make small contributions to credit’s growth. As there has been limited time and knowledge of the author, this thesis could exist some shortcomings. Therefore, for further study, it would be better to extend the work in other branches of Bank for Development and Investment of Vietnam.
Nguyen Do Khanh Linh iii K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ATM Automatic Machine Teller BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam CIC Credit Center Information Eximbank Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint – Stock Bank GDP Gross Domestic Product IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards IMF International Monetary of Fund ISO International Organization for Standardization JBJC Japan Bank for International Cooperation NIB Nordic Investment Bank POS Point of Sale ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity SBV State Bank of Vietnam VALC Vietnam Aircraft Leasing Company Vietcombank Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam VND Vietnam dong Nguyen Do Khanh Linh iv K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES List of figures Figure 2. Status of mobilizing capitals. The business result of Dong Do Branch. The situation of outstanding loans in terms of maturity.
The process of credit scoring and customer ratings. 25 List of tables Table 2. Analysis of total mobilized capital from 2012 to 2015. Outstanding loans at the branch.
The status of overdue loans at Dong Do Branch. Overdue debts and bad debts. Provisions at the branch. Criteria for scoring business credit.
Scale to grade the size of enterprises. 27 Nguyen Do Khanh Linh v K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. iv LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.
v TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF CREDIT OPERATION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS. Features of credit.
CREDIT RISK AND METHODS TO CONTROL CREDIT RISK IN COMMERCIAL BANKS. Credit risk in commercial banks. Some indicators to measure credit risk. Solutions to minimize and prevent credit risk.
11 CHAPTER 2: THE REALITY OF CREDIT RISK AT BIDV - DONG DO BRANCH, 2012 - 2015. INTRODUCTION OF BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM – DONG DO BRANCH .1 Brief introduction of Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV). Overview of the establishment and development of Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam – Dong Do Branch. SITUATION OF CREDIT OPERATION AT BIDV – DONG DO BRANCH.
Raising capital activities. 14 Nguyen Do Khanh Linh vi K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy 2. General assessment of the business results of BIDV - Dong Do branch. SITUATION OF CREDIT RISK AT BIDV– DONG DO BRANCH.
Provisions deduction and risk solvency activities. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT. Measures imposed to prevent and minimize credit risk. Causes of credit risks.
32 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. ORIENTATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIDV DONG DO BRANCH. General development orientation of BIDV. Oriented strategy of business activities at Dong Do Branch.
SOLUTIONS TO MINIMIZE AND PREVENT CREDIT RISKS AT BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM – DONG DO BRANCH. Improving credit evaluation before granting credit. Enhancing credit supervision during and after issuing credit. Improving credit policy.
Developing information system. Dispersing risks by diversification measures. Enhancing professional skills and moral qualities of staff related to credit operations. Recommendations to the Government.
Recommendations to the State Bank of Vietnam. Recommendations to the Headquarter of Bank for Investment and Nguyen Do Khanh Linh vii K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy Development of Vietnam. 48 Nguyen Do Khanh Linh viii K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale to the study During the stage of integration, Vietnam's economy has been facing new opportunities as well as challenges.
It is obvious that banking system is playing a vital role as the biggest financial intermediary to implement centralized operations, redistribute monetary capital and also offer diversified services relating to other financial activities. In Vietnam, the banking sector was formed early and has made active contributions to the process of building nation. Furthermore, as a pioneer in the innovation process, banking system is a key component contributing significantly in the industrialization – modernization of the country. In banking activities, credit activity is an important leverage that brings mainly profits and determines the existence and development of commercial banks.
Besides, in the market economy, the risk is always associated with banking business. For commercial banks, which are major suppliers of capital and banking services, the risk is always lurking at a higher level. Despite its great advantages, credit operation is one of the riskiest activities causing unpredictable consequences which could even lead to bankruptcy. Therefore, finding a way to minimize and prevent credit risk is becoming an increasingly urgent issue for every branch of each commercial bank in Vietnam.
Stemming from that fact is essential, I have chosen the topic “Credit risk and Solutions to prevent and minimize credit risk at Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam – Dong Do Branch”. Objectives of the study Firstly, the thesis is aimed at systematizing and clarifying the theoretical issues of credit risk in banking activities. Secondly, the thesis pays attention to analyzing and assessing the reality of credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam – Dong Do Branch. Thirdly, the thesis mentions providing solutions to minimize and prevent credit risk in Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam – Dong Do Branch.
Nguyen Do Khanh Linh 1 K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy 3. Scope of the study Credit risk and other related issues from 2012 to 2015 at Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam – Dong Do Branch. Methodology of the study This thesis has used qualitative methods which are comparison, analysis, statistics, synthesis and dialectical materialism, the economic and commercial point of view, graph illustrations. For this thesis, secondary data has been used.
Significance of the study The research will help commercial banks in realizing the causes of credit risk. Therefore, they can apply appropriate measures to manage and also implement feasible solutions which researcher mentioned to control and reduce credit risk. Structural organization of the study Apart from the Introduction and Conclusion, this thesis is dividied into three main chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Theoretical background Chapter 2: The reality of credit risk at BIDV - Dong Do Branch from 2012 to 2015 Chapter 3: Solutions and Recommendations Nguyen Do Khanh Linh 2 K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF CREDIT OPERATION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS 1.
Definition Credit activity is the basic foundation as well as the main basis to assessing the quality of banking operations. The term “credit” (credit) came from Latin word “credo” (belief, trust). In reality, the term “credit” can be understood in various ways, even in financial relations. In a specific credit relation, credit is known as assets transaction on the basis of repayment between the two parties.
For example, a trade company agreed to do transaction with deferred payment to another company. In this case, the seller transfers goods to the buyer, and after a certain time under the agreement, the purchaser must return goods to the seller. In addition, the most popular transaction is among banks and other financial institutions, individuals and corporate customers in the form of loans. It means that bank provides loans for borrowers and after a period of time listed in the contract, borrowers must pay the principal along with interests.
In terms of the function of banking systems, credit is assets transaction (currency or commodities) between lenders (banks or other financial institutions) and borrowers (individuals, enterprises and other entities). Particularly, lenders transfer assets to borrowers for their uses in a specified time under agreements, while borrowers have the responsibility of repaying unconditionally principal and interests at the maturity of payments. Features of credit Firstly, credit is temporarily transferable relation. The objects of this activity are currencies and goods in the form of prolong payment in buying-selling relationship.
The nature of temporary transfer refers to the amount of time to use the value of these commodities. It is the result of an agreement between partners involved in the transfer process to ensure the appropriate of idle time. Nguyen Do Khanh Linh 3 K15.ATCD Graduation thesis Banking Academy Secondly, credit is reimbursable. Borrowers must pay both principal and interest on maturity date.
Interests, which are also called profits of banks, have to ensure that the amount of recent value is greater than the initial value. This difference is the price paid for the temporary use of capital. In other words, interests must be attractive enough so that owners may be willing to sacrifice the right to use it. Thirdly, credit relationship bases on trust between borrowers and lenders.